初中英语语法形容词和副词(含练习)(10页).doc

-第 1 页初中英语语法形初中英语语法形容词和副词容词和副词(含练含练习习)-第 2 页专题复习专题复习-形容词和副词（一）形容词和副词（一）一、一、形容词的构成及其用法形容词的构成及其用法用以修饰名词等表示人和事物的性质、特征的词叫形容词。它在句中可以充当定语、表语和宾语补足语，一般放在所修饰词的前面。Eg.Those big moon cakes are delicious.(作表语)Eg.There are many beautiful flowers in the park.(作定语)1.修饰词尾为修饰词尾为-body/-one;-thing 不定代词时，必须放在其后。不定代词时，必须放在其后。Eg.Theres nothing wrong with my bike.Eg.Please give me something delicious to eat.Eg.Anybody clever cant do such stupid things.2.表示长、宽、高、深或年龄的形容词的常用结构：表示长、宽、高、深或年龄的形容词的常用结构：数词数词+名词名词+形容词形容词12 years old/8meters long/3 meters wide/100 kilometers high/1.8meters tallEg.Its a river 6 meters deep.Eg.Thats a road 300 kilometers long.Eg.The young man is 1.8 meters tall.3.系动词（系动词（look,sound,smell,taste,feel）之后要接形容词）之后要接形容词Eg.The soup tastes nice.Eg.They all looked very happy after hearing the good news.4.ing 形容词和形容词和-ed 形容词的区别形容词的区别-ed 形容词通常用来形容人，而形容词通常用来形容人，而-ing 形容词通常用来形容事或物形容词通常用来形容事或物如：disappointed/excited/interested/surprised/bored/amazed/relaxed(某人)感到失望/兴奋/有趣/奇怪/厌烦/震惊/放松disappointing/exciting/interesting/surprising/boring/amazing/relaxing（某事）令人失望的/兴奋的/有趣的/奇怪的/厌烦的/震惊的/放松的5.“the+部分形容词部分形容词”表示表示“一类人一类人”the youngthe oldthe richthe poor二、二、副词的构成和用法。副词的构成和用法。副词是用来说明时间、地点、程度、方式等概念的词，主要用来修饰动词、动词词组、形容词等。副词的构成形式主要有两大类：1.单词本身就是副词。例如：often,now,always,then,yesterday,today,much,very,a bit,so,here,there,等2.大部分副词都是由一个形容词加词尾-ly 构成的，其构成方法见下表：大多数形容词直接加-lybad-badly;careful-carefully以-y 结尾的形容词变-y 为-i,再加 lyeasy-easily;busy-busily以 le 结尾的形容词去掉-e,再加-yterrible-terribly;gentle-gently以辅音+e 结尾的形容词直接加-lynice-nicely;safe-safely以元音+e 结尾的形容词去掉-e,再加-lytrue-truly注意：注意：(1)形容词形容词 good 的副词形式是的副词形式是 well(2)high;fast;late;early 等形容词和副词同形等形容词和副词同形-第 3 页(3)有些以有些以-ly 结尾的词是形容词而不是副词，如：结尾的词是形容词而不是副词，如：friendly(友好的友好的)；lovely(可爱的可爱的)；lively（生动的（生动的）；ugly（丑陋的（丑陋的）；lonely（孤独的；（孤独的；寂寞的）寂寞的）3.enough(足够的足够的；足够地足够地)：当当 enough 修饰名词时修饰名词时，要放在名词前面要放在名词前面；而修饰而修饰形容词或副词时，则要放在其后。形容词或副词时，则要放在其后。Eg:We have enough food to eat.Eg.The clothes are soft enough for you to wear.4.易混词辨析易混词辨析1）hard 和和 hardlyhard 作作“艰辛的艰辛的，坚硬的坚硬的”时是形容词时是形容词；作作“努力地努力地，辛苦地辛苦地”是副词是副词hardly 意为意为“几乎不几乎不”，只能作副词，只能作副词eg.The diamond is very hard.The old man lived a hard life in the past.Mary works very hard,but his brother is very lazy and he hardly works.2）alone 和和 lonelyalone 意为意为“单独地，独自地单独地，独自地”，作副词，强调客观事实，作副词，强调客观事实lonely 意为意为“寂寞的，孤独的寂寞的，孤独的”作形容词，含有主观的感情色彩作形容词，含有主观的感情色彩eg.The old lady lives alone,but she never feels lonely.课堂练习：课堂练习：Task1:翻译短语。翻译短语。1.忙碌的一天2.回家晚3.仔细地书写4.一本有趣的书5.非常喜欢6.美丽的花7.刚才8.立即9.九个新学生10.静静地坐着11.起床早12.度长假13.快乐的女孩14.大大的蓝色眼睛Task2:用所给词的正确形式填空用所给词的正确形式填空.1.Ken is _ in playing football,he thinks football is _.(interest)2.I feel very _ now,doing nothing at home is _.(bore)3.I feel _ at the _ news.(disappoint)4.We will make you _ by the _ hairstyle.(excite)5.You will be _ by reading this _ film.(relax)6.Weallfelt_whenweheardofthe_news.(surprise)7.I wont feelif I dont findanswers.(satisfy)Task3:单项选择。单项选择。1.We are.Because his story is not.A.tired;oldB.sleepy(欲睡的);interestingC.hungry;deliciousD.happy;interesting2.Its very.Please close the door and the windows.-第 4 页A.coldB.hotC.warmD.expensive3.Jack went to school.His parents were angry.A.lateB.earlyC.wellD.soon4.The children are sleeping.Please walk.A.fastB.beautifullyC.quietD.quietly5.Tomgoes to the zoo.The dogs there know him.A.soonB.oftenC.carefullyD.kind6.Its summer.Autumn is coming.A.very muchB.just nowC.tomorrowD.soon7.This river is.A.500 meter longB.500 meters longC.500 long metersD.500 long meter8.Is this a photo of your daughter?She looksin the pink dress!A.lovelyB.quietlyC.politelyD.happily9.The question isfor you to answer.A.enough easyB.enough easilyC.easy enoughD.easily enough10.The ice in the lake is about one meter.Its strong enough to skate on.A.longB.highC.thickD.wide11.I haveto do today.A.anything importantB.something importantC.important nothingD.important something12.Pass my glasses to me,Jack.Because I canread the words in thenewspaper.A.hardlyB.reallyC.clearlyD.nearly13.The twins are together most of the time.So they never feel.A.lonelyB.aloneC.happilyD.friendly14.We decided not to climb the mountains because it was raining.A.badlyB.hardlyC.stronglyD.heavily15.He looked at itagain.A.careB.carefulnessC.carefulD.carefully课后练习：课后练习：Task1:根据句意及所给提示，用括号中所给单词的适当形式填空。根据句意及所给提示，用括号中所给单词的适当形式填空。1.The little girl is crying(sad).2.Simon is a good car salesman.He can sell cars very(good).3.Your math is not very good.You should study it(hard).4.Do you see thegirl over there?She can dance(beautiful).5.We saw many different birds in the park and we learn to tell people about them(correct).Task2:选择形容词或副词（划线部分选择形容词或副词（划线部分），连词成句。，连词成句。1.The birds;nice/nicely;sing2.soft/softly;she;the door;closed3.speak;fluent/fluently;three languages;can;she-第 5 页4.careful/carefully;write your report;please5.Mr Zhang;in;working;busy/busily;the office;isTask3:单项选择。单项选择。1.-Mr Smith,would you please speak a little more?-Sorry!I thought you would follow me.A.slowlyB.politelyC.seriouslyD.clearly2.-Your coffee smells.-Thank you.I made it by myself.Would you like to taste it?A.wellB.sweetC.nicelyD.bad3.The shoes sell,because they arein quality.A.good;wellB.good;goodC.well;wellD.well;good4.He is aworker and does everything.A.careful;carefulB.carefully;carefullyC.carefully;carefulD.careful;carefully5.Remember not to speakwhen we are in the reading room.A.fastB.slowlyC.politelyD.loudly6.The Internet is very useful for us.We can find information.A.easyB.easilyC.excitedlyD.angrily7.It was veryin the classroom,so the teacher had to walk.A.quiet;quietlyB.quietly;quietC.quiet;quietD.quietly;quietly8.The meat smells.Youd better throw it away.A.badlyB.badC.goodD.well9.We love to go to the country in spring as the flowers smell so.A.wellB.niceC.wonderfullyD.nicely10.-Your father doesnt look.Hes lookingat you.Whatswrong?-Ive broken his vase.A.happy;angryB.happily;angrilyC.happy;angrilyD.happily;angry11.The young lady walked into the roomin order not to wake up the baby.A.quicklyB.quietlyC.slowlyD.hurriedly12.-Dont worry.My mother will look after your baby.-Thanks a lot.A.careful enoughB.enough carefulC.enough carefulD.carefully enough专题复习专题复习-形容词和副词形容词和副词(二二)三、三、形容词和副词比较等级的构成：形容词和副词比较等级的构成：(重点重点)1.规则变化：规则变化：1）一般在词尾加一般在词尾加-er 或或-est如：long-longer-longest;fast-faster-fastest;high-higher-highest;strong-stronger-strongest2)以字母以字母 e 结尾的词，直接加结尾的词，直接加-r 或者或者-st如：wide-wider-widest;nice-nicer-nicest;large-larger-largest-第 6 页3)以辅音字母加以辅音字母加 y 结尾的词，变结尾的词，变 y 为为 i,再加再加-er 或或-est如：happy-happier-happiest;easy-easier-easiest;busy-busier-busiest4)以以“辅辅-元元-辅辅”结构结尾的单词，双写最后一个辅音字母，再加结构结尾的单词，双写最后一个辅音字母，再加-er 或或-est如：hot-hotter-hottestwet-wetter-wettest5)部分双音节词和所有的多音节词，在词前加部分双音节词和所有的多音节词，在词前加 more 或或 most如：useful-more useful-most usefulhelpful-more helpful-most helpfulbeautiful-more beautiful-most beautifulexpensive-more expensive-most expensivedifficult-more difficult-most difficultimportant-more important-most important2.不规则变化：不规则变化：口诀：多好与一点点坏；相差很远加一老口诀：多好与一点点坏；相差很远加一老many/much-more-mostgood/well-better-bestlittle-less-leastbad-worse-worstfar-farther-farthest/far-further-furthest注意：farther/farthest-表示实际距离，意为：“更远的/最远的”Eg.I cant walk any farther.further/furthest-表示抽象距离，意为：“更进一步/最深层次的”eg.further talk/communicationold-older-oldest/old-older-oldestolder/oldest:表示年龄上的大小，而 elder/eldest 表示辈份上的大小eg.He is five years older than me.eg.elder sister/brother四、四、形容词和副词的等级用法形容词和副词的等级用法：（重难点）（重难点）1.原级的用法：肯定句：A+谓语+as+adj 原级原级+as+B 表示“A 与 B 一样”Eg.Mary is as tall as Lily.Eg.This room is as wide as that one.否定句：A+谓语+not+as/so+adj 原级原级+as+B 表示“A 不如 B”Eg.Mary is not as/so tall as Lily.拓展：与比较级进行转换：=Mary is shorter than Lily.=Lily is taller than Mary.2.比较级的用法：两者之间进行比较，than 是比较级的标志是比较级的标志1）A+谓语+比较级+than+B 表示“A 比 B 更”Eg.This room is bigger than that one.2)Who/Which+谓语+比较级，Aor B?表示“A 或 B 哪个更”Eg.Who is more beautiful?Lily or Lucy?Eg.Which tastes better?apple or orange?3)+be+the+比较级比较级+of the two.-第 7 页Eg.Moli is the better of the two girls.4)单音节词：比较级+and+比较级 表示“越来越”双音节词：more and more+adj/adv 原级 表示“越来越”Eg.Grandpa is getting older and older.Eg.Sara is turning more and more beautiful.5)the+比较级，the+比较级表示“越，越”eg.The more,the better.Eg.The happier he is,the healthier he will be.注意注意：比较级前可以用比较级前可以用 much;a little;far;even;a lot;any 等修饰等修饰，而而 very;too;quite 等词不能修饰比较级。等词不能修饰比较级。3.最高级的用法：三者或三者以上的比较用最高级，表示“最”，形容词最高级前面的“the”绝对不可以省略，而副词最高级前的“the”可以省略。1）the+最高级+of/in,of 后接数字，in 后接范围注意：此句型中注意：此句型中 of 与与 in 是要用最高级的标志是要用最高级的标志Eg.He is the tallest of the three/four/five/all.Eg.He is the tallest in his class.2)Who/Which+谓语+最高级，Aor B or C?Eg.Who is the best?Susan,Linda or Mandy?3）+be+one of the+最高级+复数名词表示“最之一”Eg.Shanghai is one of the biggest cities in the world.4)the+序数词+最高级表示“第几的”Eg.He is the second tallest student in his class.Eg.She is the third youngest lady in the group.4.原级，比较级和最高级之间的转换。1）原级和比较级之间的转换Eg.Mary is not as/so tall as Lily.=Mary is shorter than Lily.=Lily is taller than Mary.2)最高级和比较级之间的转换He is the tallest boy in his class.=He is taller than any other boy in his class.=He is taller than the other boys in his class.课堂练习：课堂练习：Task 1:写出下列形容词或副词的比较级和最高级。写出下列形容词或副词的比较级和最高级。shortniceheavyusefulhotmanylittlegoodwellcoldsmallbigmuchbusybadold-第 8 页farbeautifulimportantcarefullyTask 2:用括号中所给单词的适当形式填空。用括号中所给单词的适当形式填空。1.You should practice as(much)as you can.2.He is(young)than his two sisters.3.The patient is(well)than before.4.She is one of the(tall)girls in her class.5.An ocean is(large)than a sea.6.The market is(dirty)than the supermarket.7.Which do you like(well),English or Physics?8.Summer is the(hot)season of the year.9.Who is the(short),Lily,Ann or Molly?10.I think Tom is the(good)of the three.Task 3:单项选择单项选择1.Welcome to our hotel.Itsin the city.A.goodB.betterC.bestD.the best2.Because of the Internet,we can get informationthan before.A.fastB.fasterC.fastestD.more fast3.The athlete is getting older and older and cannot jump asas he did before.A.highB.higherC.highestD.much higher4.He speaks Englishthan any other student in his class.A.bestB.goodC.wellD.better5.Of all the apples in the basket,this one is.A.the reddestB.redderC.reddestD.the redder6.My bike is asas Lucys.You can use either of them.A.as better asB.as good asC.as well asD.as best as7.Which is the,the train station,the bus station or the airport?A.farB.farthestC.fartherD.more far8.January ismonth in Beijing,but it is different inAustralia.A.coldB.colderC.coldestD.the coldest9.The ice in the lake is asas it was before.A.thinB.thinnerC.thinnestD.the thinnest10.-Its winter now.The days are getting.-Yes.We have to start early.A.more and more longB.longer and longerC.more and more shortD.shorter and shorter11.Canada is the secondcountry in the world.A.largeB.largerC.largestD.more larger12.-Which isseason in Shenzhen?-Maybe it is summer.Its often too hot to go out.A.worstB.the worstC.bestD.the best13.He is the cleverest boythe three.-第 9 页A.atB.ofC.fromD.in14.I hope to receive your letter asas possible.A.quickB.quicklyC.highD.highly15.In Shenzhen,it is hot in July,but its eveninAugust.A.hotB.hoterB.hotterD.hottest课后练习：课后练习：Task 1:写出下列形容词或副词的比较级和最高级。写出下列形容词或副词的比较级和最高级。1.wonderful2.tall3.bad4.little5.few6.good7.many8.well9.much10.easyTask 2:单项选择。单项选择。1.I think this card isthan that one.A.niceB.nicerC.nicestD.the nicest2.Zhang Ming ranfaster than the other boys in the sports meeting.A.soB.muchC.veryD.too3.Sorry,I took your MP4 by mistake.Ill becareful next time.A.mostB.moreC.muchD.many4.In the exam,the more careful you are,mistakes you will make.A.the fewerB.the fewestC.the lessD.the least5.I love Shenzhen because it is becoming.A.more and more beautifulB.beautiful and beautifulC.clean and cleanD.more and more clean6.The film isone Ive ever seen.A.more excitingB.excitingC.the most excitingD.most exciting7.Kelly thinks Chinese is much.A.more usefulB.usefulC.the most usefulD.most useful8.The dress looked asas that one.A.more beautifulB.beautifulC.the most beautifulD.beautifully9.The bag is eventhan that one.A.cheapB.more cheaperC.cheaperD.the cheapest10.The weather is getting.A.more and more dryB.more drierC.drier and drierD.much more drier11.The man lookshis brother.A.taller thanB.as taller asC.as tallest asD.the tallest of12.Tony isin math than Chinese.A.interestedB.more interestedC.interestingD.more interesting13.Jack is shorter thanin his class.A.any studentB.anybodyC.other studentsD.the other students14.An elephant is twice asas a horse.A.biggerB.biggestC.bigD.more big-第 10 页15.This ishotel in our hometown.A.goodB.betterC.the bestD.best16.The Yellow River is the secondriver in our country.A.longerB.longestC.the longestD.long