2022年北京大学英语考试真题卷16测.docx

2022年北京大学英语考试真题卷（本卷共分为1大题50小题,作答时间为180分钟,总分100分,60分及格。）单位:姓名:考号:题号单选题多项选择判断题综合题总分分值得分、单项选择题(共50题,每题2分。每题的备选项中,只有一个最符合题意)1. SkeI eta I remains with animal bone blades tied to the feet testify to skating' s existence as early as 10t 000 BC. These remains were found in the Netherlands. Scandinavia is called the mother of skating because of the sport' s popularity there, beginning around 1000AD. Ice skating was primarily a means of transportation at first, a I though documents from the Netherlands indicate that speed races were held in towns as early as the 15th century. American athlete Jackson Haines is known as the father of modem figure skat i ng. Haines was born in 1840 in New York City. After study i ng dance and ba I let, he became a danc i ng master and app I i ed his dancing techniques to figure skating. He performed around the world and became we 11 known for h i s i mag i nat i ve and art i st i c techn i ques. Haines' s style was enthusiastically received in Europe and eventua11y became accepted international ly. The formation of national and international skating organizations began during the 1890s. In 1892 the International Skat i ng Union (I SU) was estab I ished. Today the I SU defines the rules and sets performance standards for speed skating, figure skating, and ice dancing competitions. Also in the late 1800s the National Amateur Skating Association of the United States and the International Skating Union of America were founded. In 1921 nationaI standards were set down for skating, and the United States Figure Skating Association (USFSA) was formed to govern the sport in the United States, superseding the ear Iier organizations. Speed skating in the United States is governed by the United States International Speed Skating Association and the Amateur Speedskating Union of the United States, both of which are affiIiated w i th the I SU. The first off icial men's wor I d speed skat i ng champ i onsh i ps were held in 1893. Women' s world champion- snip speed skating events first took place ' in 1947. The first men' s world figure skating championships were held in Saint Petersburg, Russia, in 1896, and in 1906 the first women' s championships were held in Davos, Switzer land. Figure skating was incIuded in the Summer 01ympics of 1908 and 1920 and at the first Winter 01ympics in 1924, where men' s speed skating events were also held. Women' s speed skating made its 01ympic debut in the 1960 01ympic Games. Ice dancing was added to 01ympic competition in 1976, and short-track speed skat i ng was f i rst incl uded i n the 1988 Games. Norway' s Sonja Henie pIayed a large role in popularizing figure skating during the 1920s and 1930s. On the strength of her ath Iet ic jumps, modem costumes, and i nvent i ve choreography she won go I d meda I s at the W i nt er 01 ymp i c Games in 1928, 1932, and 1936. Henie later skated in ice shows and in motion pictures, inspir ing many peopIe to take up skating. Amer ican skater Dick Button, a five-time world champion and two-time 01ympic gold medalist, brought outstanding athIeticism to skating. Along with inventing the flying camel sit spin, he was also the first skater to successfully comp Iete a doubIe axel and a triple jump in competition. In the 1970s Soviet pairs skaters Oleg and Ludmila Protopopov transformed pairs skating with their elegant, baiIetIike movements. In the 1980s British ice dancers Jayne Torvi 11 and Christopher Dean dominated compet i t i on with innovative routines that broke away from ice dancing traditions. The deveIopment of modem speed skating is credited to Jaap Eden, a Dutch skater bom in 1873. He set a world record in 1894, comp I et i ng a 5000-meter race in 8 minutes 37. 6 seconds. Since then Eden' s record has been broken many times and today the best skaters comp Iete the same d i stance in a little over 6 minutes, primarily as a result of more sophisticated training methods. Other successfuI speed skaters incIude Eric Heiden of the United States, a three-time world champion who won five gold medals during the 1980 Winter Olympics; Norway' s Johann Olav Koss, who set three new world records during the 1994 Winter Olympics; and Dan Jansen of the Un i ted States, who domi nated speed skat i ng for more than ten years from the mid-1980s to the mid-1990s, capping his success with a gold medal and a world record in the 1000-meter long-track race at the 1994 Olympics. Successful femaIe speed skaters incIude Germany' s Gunda Niemann, who won seven all- around world championship titles between 1991 and 1998, and Bonnie Blair of the United States, who won a total of five 01ympic go I d meda I s i n the 1988, 1992, and 1994 Olympics. Blair was a I so the first woman to skate 500 meters in less than 39 seconds.Who was the first skater to successfully comp Iete a doubIe axel and a triple jump in competitionA. American athlete Jackson Haines.B. NorwayJ s Sonja Henie.C. American skater Dick Button.D. Dutch skater Jaap Eden.2. We come in different colors: red, black, wh i te, yellow and brown, have a variety of political systems, soc i a I systems, re I igious views or none at all; we are different i nte11ectua11y, have different educat i onaI systems, d i fferent soc i o-econom ic cl asses; psycho logical ly we are norma I, abnormal, neurotic, psychotic, we speak different languages, and have different customs and costumes. Studying human beings biologically and physiologically leads us to very different cone I us i ons about how alike or different we are from each other. Very different indeed, every human being on the pIanett al I 5. 3 bi I I ion of usf has the same number of bones, of the same type, serv ing the same purposes; each of us has 46 chromosomes, 23 from each parent, and these chromosomes, genes and the DNA and RNA of which they are integral parts, are in every single human being; every cell, every membrane, every tissue, and every organ i s the same everywhere. We al I have a heart, a circulatory system, 2 lungs, a I iver, 2 kidneys, a brain and nervous system, a reproductive system, digestive and excretory systems, musculature, in short, we are the same biological Iy and our bodies perform the same functions everywhere on the planet. And as we learned in Shakespeare9 s The Merchant of Venice, if you prick us, any of us, "do we not bleed" Of course we do, and we bleed red blood no matter what the color of our skin, or the Ianguage we speak, the clothing we wear, the gods we worship, . or our geographical home. Man is of a Piece biologically; al I equally effective organisms whether Amazon Indian, Australian aborigine, Parisian artist, Greek sailor, Chinese student, Amer i can astronaut, Russian soldier, or Pa I esf i n i an c i t i zen. We I I then, you ask, how is that so many groups of peopIe disparage other groups, persecute them, and claim super ior ity over them Why is it that some groups of peopIe still hunt animals, wear little or no clothing, have little or no techno I ogy, while others are very soph i st i cated i n the i r techno I ogy, industry, transportation, communication, food gathering and storage It is, of course, a matter of culture and the civi I ization that emerges and evoIves from it. Though man is man everywhere, where he I ivesy when he I ives there, with whom he I ives there, al I affect how he I ives: that is, what he be I ieves, what he wears, his customs, his gods, his rituals, his myths and I iterature, his Ianguage and his institutions. These are man-made artifacts that each group develops over time, living together, facing the same problems, needing and desiring the same things. They axe his culture, his identity. The interactions of two powerful forces in al I human life: nature (bi(ogy) and nurture (culture and civi I ization), shape us. Each culture has its own distinetive ways of seeing, feel ing, thinking, speaking, be Iieving, and just as no two humans are i dent i caI in al I respects, so no two cultures are identicaI in al I respects. But, wherever humans have Iived and Iive today, there is culture with al I of its eIements embedded in a civiIization that expresses that core of thought and fee Ii ng in its language, its institutions and other soc i a I organizations. Al I civi I izations and the cultures that nourish them have hierarchies; soc i a I institutions, language, art of al I kinds, religion or a system of spiritual be Iiefs of some kind, laws, customs, r i tuaIs (other than re I igious) and ceremonies. A study of anthropology and make it very clear that humans have created divisions and exacerbated superficial external difference for their own ulterior purposes whether political, soc i a 11 econom i c or rel igious. The truth is that we are much more alike in very basic ways than we are different. If you wear one type of garment and I wear another, we both wear some kind of garment. Our culture demands it. If you speak one Ianguage and I another, we both speak so that others wi 11 understand us; we must communicate with each other. Nothing is gained by overemphasizing differences, but much is lost. If we understood our differences as cultural variations of our basic, universal humanity it could restore sanity and peace to this often turbulent world. Musi ims and Jews, GathoI ics and Protestants, Serbs and Croats, blacks and whites, we are al I human and need the same things to survive and to thrive. Different does not mean inferior or superior; it does not mean better or worse; right or wrong. It means only that artificial distinctions have been made by society, and these have denied our universal humanity that is cel I deep and incontrovertible.Differences produce variety Of thought, fee I i ngf and act i on and that can be very st i mu I at i ng to peacefu I and creat i ve so I ut i ons to human prob I ems. Can we accept our biological brotherhood and put aside our man-made, artificial, cultural enmities What men have made, their culture and civilizations, men can tmmake, can improve. What would be gained if we did that What would be lostWhich of the folA. Racial difference.B. Civilization difference.C. Cultural difference.D. Biological differenc3. Questions 1 to 5 are based on an interview with a chief-editor. At the end of the interview you wi11 be given 10 seconds to answer each of the following questions. Now Iisten to the interview.What does Mr. Pitt NOT do in his spare timeA. Doing a bit of acting and photography.B. Going to concerts frequently.C. Playing traditional jazz and folk music.D. Travelling in Europe by hitch-hikin4. Cancun means "snakepit" in the local Mayan language, and it Iived up to its name as the host of an important Wor Id Trade Organization meeting that began last week. Rather than tack Ii ng the problem of their high agricultural tariffs and lavish farm subsidies, which victimize farmers in poorer nations, a number of rich nations derailed the talks. The fai lure by 146 trade de I egates to reach an agreement in Mex i co is a serious blow to the gIobaI economy. And contrary to the mindless cheering with which the breakdown was greeted by ant igIobaI izat ion protesters at Cancun, the world' s poorest and most vulnerable nations wi11 suffer most. It is a bitter irony that the chief architects of this fai lure were nations I ike Japan, Korea and European Union members, themseIves ads for the prosperity afforded by increased gIobaI trade. The Cancan meeting came at the midpoint of the W. T. 0. s "development round", of trade Iiberalization talks, one that began two years ago with an eye toward extending the benefits of freer trade and markets to poorer countries. The principal demand of these developing nations, Ied at Cancun by Brazi I, has been an end to high tariffs and agricultural subsidies in , the deveI oped world, and r i ghtIy so. Poor nat i ons find it hard to compete against rich nations' farmers, who get more than $300 billion in government handouts each year. The taIks appeared to break down suddenly on the issue of whether the W. T. 0. shouId extend its rule- making jurisdiction into such new areas as foreign investment. But in truth, there was noth i ng abrupt about the Cancun me Itdown. The Japanese and Europeans had devised this demand for an unwieldy and unnecessary expansion of the W. T. 0. , s mandate as a po i son pi 11-to def Iect any attempts to get them to turn their backs on thei r powerful farm lobbies. The i r plan worked. The Amer i can role at Cancun was d i sappo i nt i ng I y muted. The Bush administration had little interest in the proposal to expand the W. T. 0. , s authority, but the American farm lobby is split between those who want to profit from greater access to foreign markets and less eff icient sectors that demand continued coddIing from Washington. That is one reason the United States made the unfortunate decision to side with the more protectionist Europeans in Cancun, a position that left American trade representatives playing defense on subsidies rather than taking a creative stance, alongside Brazi I, on lowering trade barriers. This was an unfortunate subject on which to show some rare trans-Atlantic solidarity. The resulting "coal it ion of the unwi11ing" lent the talks an unfortunate north-versus-south cast. Any hope that the United States would take the moral high ground at Cancun, and reclaim its historic leadership in pressing for freer trade, was further dashed by the disgraceful manner in which the American negotiators rebuffed the rightfuI demands of West African nations that the United States commit itself to a clear phasing out of its harmful cotton subsidies. American business and labor groups, not to mention taxpayers, shouId be enraged that the administration seems more solicitous Question 8 to 10 are based on the fol lowing news item. At the end of the news item, you wi 11 be given 20 seconds to answer each question. Now Iisten to the news. Richard Reid tried to bomb a plane with the bomb. A. provided by terrorists stolen from the military C. made according to the methods shown in Internet of protecting the most indefensible segment of United States protectionism rather than of protecting the nationaI interest by promoting economic growth through trade. For strugg Iing cotton farmers in sub-Saharan Africa, and for mill ions of others in the deve loping wor I d whose I ives would benefit from the further lowering of trade barriers, the failure of Cancun amounts to a crushing message f iom the deveI oped world -one of ca11ous indifference.The author mentions that Cancun means Msnakepit" in the local Mayan language. Snakepit possibly means.A. a place or state of chaotic disorder and distressB. snake holeC. snake trapD. a place or situation of potential dangerD. made in his lab6. SkeI eta I remains with animal bone blades tied to the feet testify to skating' s existence as early as 10, 00