2022年江苏大学英语考试真题卷11测.docx

2022年江苏大学英语考试真题卷（本卷共分为1大题50小题,作答时间为!80分钟,总分100分,60分及格。）单位:姓名:考号:题号单选题多项选择判断题综合题总分分值得分、单项选择题(共50题,每题2分。每题的备选项中,只有一个最符合题意)1. Buy Nothing Day The day after Thanksgiving, al I the world (at least in the US) goes shopping. In America this is the biggest shopping day in the entire year, known as Black Friday, which sounds dire, but ev i dent Iy derives from the fact that storekeepers lose money al I year and this is the first day in which they final ly get into the black which means to make money. Some stores also cal I it Green Friday. It'' s the biggest day of the year for retailers, when shopkeeper'' s can measure what their take is going to be this year, and the hoiiday spirit flows as fast as the cash registers can ring it up. Gifts, decorations, candy and magaz i nes disappear quickly, and woe to the retai I er who doesn'' t have as much in stock as the consumers want. nBuy it now" is the phrase of the day-and peopIe have been doing just that for years, egged on by the industry that begins advertising and decorating ear Iier and more elaborately each year. This is about waste, conspicuous and excessive consumption and being manipuIated by advertising to spend more than we have on things we don'' t need-a11 ideas we support and promote. What sha 11 we do Then a I ong comes someth ing I ike I nternat i ona I Buy Noth i ng Day, a day when peopIe around the world pI edge to themseIves to buy absolutely nothing for 24 hours. Always a day later than the USThanksgiving day in most nations, there are activities, celebrations anddemonstrat i ons of var i ous k i nds aga i nst over-consumpt i on.Peop I e areencouraged to not make any purchases throughout the ent i re day. The idea is to increase participants1J awareness of their spending habits and to th i nk about mass consumer i sm and i ts effect on the cu I tura I and natura I env i ronment of the wor I d. The famous (or i nfamous, depend i ng on your po i nt of view) Adbuster', s Magazine and the first Buy Nothing Day were both started by a man named Kalle Lasn, an advertising executive turned anti-consumer ist activist. He produced the ad that the networks wouldn'' t run. He tried to buy air time for it over and over, but was turned down, with remarks to the effect that "there'' s no law that we have to" and "it''s in opposition to the current econom i c policy of the Un i ted States." But we do have TV ads. The Buy Nothing Day TV ads of USA tel I us: "Leave your waI let at home and celebrate Buy Noth i ng Day, the annua I revolt against consumer culture. "".The average North Americanconsumes five times more than a Mexican, ten times more than a Chinese person, and thirty times more than a person from India. " "We are the most voracious consumers in the world. "". a world which could diebecause of the way we North Americans live." "Give it a rest on Buy Nothing Day. " But at TWHQ (Treehugger World Headquarters) peopIe were seriously conf I i cted about the idea of Buy Noth i ng Day - members spend their time promoting eco-retai lers and designers who need customers, not boycotts. Eire said, "Black Friday is also an important day for our eco-gift maker friends. The hoi idays are the time when they get to show their stuff and make the money they need to get through another year of compet i ng in this crazy Wal market. We have put a lot of energy into the gift guide and so have the awesome vendors who sent us stuff to help promote eco-friendly hoiidays to the press. I think they deserve our support this time of year, with gift guides and other promotion that wecan offer." Some peopIe suggest: nBuy Nothing Day" is about rampant consumption of over packaged, bl ister wrapped rubbish. We shouId not be one dimensional about this. Which is better for the pIanet A. For one day nobody buys anything (next day they hop in the car and head off to the ma 11 as normal) or B. Everybody buys a b i eye Ie on that day. How to expand the message: Buy Nothing Day PeopIe at TWHQ suggest:一 buy someth i ng from store - unwrapped, env i ronmenta11y-fr i end Iy- buy a subscription to CSA organic produce box-buy membership to acar share network- buy local- buy organic, recycled, non toxic, reused, durable, functionaI-buy carbon credits for the family ' stravel for the past or upcoming year buy solar panels buy a composting toilet There are alternatives to Buying Nothing that are equally positive and almost as cheap. Things I ike cutting up credit cards and dropping huge nbuy nothingM banners across shopp i ng mails have frightened and angered some retailers. CBS, ABC and NBC refuse still to air ads promoting Buy Nothing Day. (A talking pig and a map of North America seemed to be offensive.) If you be I ieve that peop I e have the right to make decisions based on information instead of propaganda; if you be Ii eve that over-consumpt i on is selfish; if you be Iieve that shopp i ng can become a compu I s i ve disorder and if you be I ieve that it is the vehicle for getting one deeper and deeper in debt, then please do participate. It'' s easy. Simply stay home, buy noth i ng at all. Don'' t go shopping. Don'' t buy anything. If you work, tA. Y B. N C. NG2. To understand the market ing concept, it i s on Iy necessary to understand the difference between marketing and se11ing. Not too many years ago, most industries concentrated primarily on the efficient production of goods, and then re Iied on "persuasive salesmanship" to move as much of these goods as possible. Such production and selling focuses on the needs of the sei I er to produce goods and then convert them into money. Marketing, on the other hand, focuses on the wants of consumers. It begins with first analyzing the preferences and demands of consumers and then producing goods that wi 11 satisfy them. This eye-on-the-consumer approach is known as the marketing concept, which simply means that instead of try ing to se11 whatever i s easiest to produce or buy for resaIe, the makers and dealers first endeavor to find out what the consumer wants to buy and then go about making it avai IabIe for purchase. This concept does not imply that business is benevo I ent （慈善的）or that consumer sat i sfact ion is gi ven priority over prof it in a company. There are al ways two sides to every business transaction - the f i rm and the customer - and each must be satisf ied before trade occurs. Successful merchants and producers, however, recognize that the surest route to profit is through understanding and catering to customers. A striking examp Ie of the importance of catering to the consumer presented itself in mid-1985, when Coca Cola changed the flavor of its drink. The non acceptance of the new fIavor by a s i gn i f i cant portion of the pub Ii c brought about a prompt restoration of the Classic Coke, which was then marketed alongside the new. King Customer ruled!The marketing concept discussed in the passage is, in essence,. A. a form of persuasive salesmanshipB. the customer- centred approachC. making goods available for purchaseD. the practice of turning goods into money3.In an event known as the "Great Dying", some 250 million years ago,90 percent of al I marine Iife and nearly three-quarters of Iand-basedp I ants and animals went ext i net. Sc i ent i sts have I ong debated the cause of this calamity-which occurred before the era of dinosaurs-with possibiI ities including such disasters as meteor impacts. Researchers led by Peter Ward of the University of Washington now think the answer is gIobaI warming caused by voI can i c act i v i ty. Their f i nd i ngs are '' reported in Thursday'' s online edition of the journal Science. They studied the Karoo Basin of South Africa, using chemical, biological and other evidence to relate layers of sediment there to similar layers in China that previous research has tied to the marine extinetion at the same period. Studying a 1,000-foot thick section of exposed sediment, Ward,' s team found evidence of a gradual extinetion over about 10 mi 11 ion years f 11 owed by a sharp increase in ext i net i on rate that I asted another 5 m i 11 i on years. They be I ieve that the ext i net i ons were caused by g I oba I warming and oxygen deprivation over long periods of time. Massive voI can i c flows in what is now Siberia brought on the warming while, at the same time, geo logic act i on caused gIobaI sea I eve Is to drop, Ward explained. "Once you expose a huge amount of underwater sediment to the atmosphere, two very bad things happen-a huge amount of carbon in the sediments is released and also methane. Once (methane) hits the atmosphere it'' s the most efficient greenhouse gas on the planet, H he said. That provided a one-two punch of warming and a dec line in oxygen I eve I s, he sa i d. "Some of us have been toy i ng with the i dea that d i nosaurs evoIved to be a Iow-oxygen adaptation, " resulting from this era, Ward said, "We know birds can I ive at much lower oxygen concentrations than we do, and we think there were similar lung adaptations in dinosaurs." Currently the atmosphere consists of about 21 percent oxygen, but the addition of gases at that time could have lowered I eve Is to 16 percent or less, Ward said. "lf youdidn'' t I ive on the sea level you didn" t live,“ he commented, reflecting the fact that oxygen concentrations deci ine with altitude. The result would have been to el iminate half the Iiving space on the planet, said Ward.According to Peter Ward'' s research, .A. 90% of animals and plants went extinct 250 million years agoB. dinosaurs died off as a result of meteor impactsC. the "Great Dying" has much to do with volcanic activity D. global warming played a minor part in the "Great Dying"4. In an event known as the "Great Dying", some 250 million years agof 90 percent of al I marine Iife and nearly three-quarters of Iand-based p I ants and animals went ext i net. Sc i ent i sts have I ong debated the cause of this calamity-which occurred before the era of dinosaurs-with possibiI ities including such disasters as meteor impacts. Researchers led by Peter Ward of the University of Washington now think the answer is global warming caused by voI can i c act i v i ty. Their f i nd i ngs are '' reported in Thursday'' s online edition of the journal Science. They studied the Karoo Basin of South Africa, using chemical, biological and other evidence to relate layers of sediment there to similar Iayers in China that previous research has tied to the marine extinetion at the same period. Studying a 1,000-foot thick section of exposed sediment, Ward'' s team found evidence of a graduaI extinet ion over about 10 mi 11 ion years f I I owed by a sharp increase in ext i net i on rate that lasted another 5 m i 11 i on years. They be I ieve that the ext i net i ons were caused by g I oba I warming and oxygen deprivation over long periods of time. Massive voI can i c flows in what is now Siberia brought on the warming wh iIe, at the same time, geo logic act i on caused gIobaI sea I eve Is to drop, Ward explained. "Once you expose a huge amount of underwater sediment to the atmosphere, two very bad things happena huge amount of carbon in the sediments is released and also methane. Once (methane) hits the atmosphere it'' s the most efficient greenhouse gas on the planet, M he said. That provided a one-two punch of warming and a dec line in oxygen I eve I sv he said. MSome of us have been toying with the idea that dinosaurs evoIved to be a Iow-oxygen adaptation, M resulting from this era, Ward said, nWe know birds can I ive at much lower oxygen concentrations than we do, and we think there were similar lung adaptations in dinosaurs." Currently the atmosphere consists of about 21 percent oxygen, but the addition of gases at that time could have lowered I eve Is to 16 percent or less, Ward said. "If you didn'' t I ive on the sea level you didn'' t live,“ he commented, reflecting the fact that oxygen concentrations dec I i ne with altitude. The result would have been to el i m i nate half the living space on the planet, said Ward.The phrase "brought on" (Line 1, Para 4. ) most probably means.A. cause to happenB. accelerateC. diminishD. sustain5. To understand the marketing concept, it i s on I y necessary to understand the difference between marketing and se11ing. Not too many years ago, most industries concentrated primarily on the efficient production of goods, and then re Iied on "persuasive salesmanship" to move as much of these goods as possible. Such production and selling focuses on the needs of the sei I er to produce goods and then convert them into money. Marketing, on the other hand, focuses on the wants of consumers. It begins with first analyzing the preferences and demands of consumers and then producing goods that wi 11 satisfy them. This eye-on-the-consumer approach is known as the marketing concept, which simply means that instead of try ing to se11 whatever i s easiest to produce or buy for resaIe, the makers and dealers first endeavor to find out what the consumer wants to buy and then go about making it avai IabIe for purchase. This concept does not imply that business is benevo I ent （慈善的）or that consumer sat i sfact ion is gi ven priority over prof it in a company. There are al ways two sides to every business transaction - the f i rm and the customer - and each must be satisf ied before trade occurs. Successful merchants and producers, however, recognize that the surest route to profit is through understanding and catering to customers. A striking examp Ie of the importance of catering to the consumer presented itself in mid-1985, when Coca Cola changed the fIavor of its drink. The non acceptance of the new fIavor by a s i gn i f i cant portion of the pub Ii c brought about a prompt restoration of the Classic Coke, which was then marketed a Iongs i de the new. King Customer ruled!What was the main concern of industrial ists before the marketing concept was widely acceptedA. The needs of the market.B. The preferences of the dealer.C. The efficiency of production. D. The satisfaction of the user.6. In an event known as the "Great Dying", some 250 million years ago, 90 percent of al I marine Iife and nearly three-quarters of Iand-based p I ants and animals went ext i net. Sc i ent i sts have I ong debated the cause of this calamity-which occurred before the era of dinosaurs-with possibiI ities including such disasters as meteor impacts. Researchers led by Peter Ward of the University of Washington now think the answer is global warming caused by voI can i c activity. Their f i nd i ngs are '' reported in Thursday* s online edition of the journal Science. They studied the Karoo Basin of South Africa, using chemical, biological and other evidence to relate layers of sediment there to similar layers in China that previous research has tied to the marine exti