新视野大学英语教案_Unit7(IV)打印版.docx

新视野大学英语读写教程第四册教案Unit Seven（2005级使用）大学英语第一教研室授课教师新视野大学英语读写教程第四册Unit 7 （Book IV）Section A Research into Population Genetics对人种遗传学的研究（精读）Section B Geniuses and Better Parenting天才与良好的家庭教育（快读）Section C Genetics and Environmental Factors in Creating Genius创造天才的遗传和环境因素（自学）Section A Research into Population Genetics对人种遗传学的研究(精读)练习:看看汉语怎么说:population genetics人种遗传学a top selling book 畅销书 at the level of their genes在基因层面the variation among individuals 个体间的差异 racially biased theory种族偏见理论the prime mover主要倡导者genetic m叩基因分布图谱a global family tree全球家谱genetic makeup基因构造potential donors可能的供血者do some magic with.用施魔法人类的诞生地短促而清脆的声音罕见血型 混合人种 抗病药物superficial characteristics 外表特征 racial differences人种差异the birthplace of humanity clicking sounds a rare blood type a mixed population disease-fighting drugs血样最终目的activists fbr native populations保护土著人权益的活动家blood samples ultimate aimconventional notions of race 传统的种族观念Central topic:The passage deals mainly with the latest research development in population genetics.Text Structure Analyfiis:Part 1: : (Para. 1)一 The History and Geography of Human Genes, a book containing the results of more than 50 years of research in population genetics, argues against the theories pushing the genetic superiority of any one population over another.Part 2: : (Para. 2)一 The contribution of the book: the creation of the firstgenetic map of the world that traced the routes of early human's migration to find the closest thing we have to a global family tree.Part 3: ee: (Para. 3-4)-The creative results came from the hard work over the years.Part 4: r: (Para. 5-9) -Four major contributions of the first genetic map pf the world.Part 5: e: (Para. 10)一 Conclusions: Apart from scientific value of the research, the social significance is to weaken conventional notions of race that cause racial prejudice.防"加女Style:本文是篇以说明文为主兼有议论的文章。主要介绍了人类基因历史发展和地理分布 书,同时对该书的意义作出了正面的评价。文章条理清楚,层次分明。通过大量的举例, 将复杂的科学观念用浅显的语言表达出来,使读者一目了然,明白易懂。Detailed Study of ihe Text： 1 11 key points)1. It stands as the most extensive survey to date on how humans vary at the level of their genes. (Para.l) to date: (=until now)至今,直到现在如: 翻译一Considerable evidence shows that, to date, those who have been successful through industrialization and urbanization have not been an independent, dynamic and progressive force in Latin America.译文:大量证据表明,迄今为止,那些成功经历过工业化和城市化的人己 经不再是拉丁美洲股独立的,有活力的进步的力量。翻 i辛-To date, research has force on the most obvious feature of living things: cell multiplication.译文:迄今为止,研究已集中到生物最明显的特件,即细胞繁殖上。2. The book, however, is much more than an argument against the latest racially biased theory. (Para.2) more than: (= not only./ not just.) 不仅是,不只是如:听题 Learning English is more than attending the classes and taking notes.学英语不只是 来上课和记笔记。听题一 He's more than a coach; he's a friend.听题一 He more than scolded me: he told me what to do.译文:他不只是责怪我,还告诉我以后该怎么办.听题 he was more than glad to hear the news.译文:听到这个消息他极其高兴。3. .create nothing less than the first genetic map of the world. (Para. 2) nothing less than: (=exactly the same as)简直是,同一点不差如: 听题一You are nothing less than a murderer.翻译一 A co-cducational school offers children nothing less than a true version of society in miniature.译文:男女同校的学校就是向孩子们提供了一个真实社会的缩影。翻译一His experience is nothing less than magical and I am moved to tears. 译文: 他的经 历简直太具魔幻色彩了,我被感动得流下眼泪。4. .various proteins that serve as markers to reveal a person's genetic makeup. (Para. 3) serve as:起作用,当成如: 翻译一 The judge said that the fine would serve as a warning to other motorists who drove without due care and attention.译文:法官说罚款会是对其他疏忽,冒失的驾驶者的种警 听题 In the absence of anything better the box would serve as a table.译文:在没有更好 的东西的情况下,这个箱子可以当桌子使用。5. And to ensure the populations were “pure”, the study was confined to groups . (Para. 3) be confined (笆 介)：(=be restricted )限制于,局限于如:听题 So far, fighting has been confined to the capital city.译文:到目前为止,战斗仍然 没有超出首都的范围。翻译Disasters of this sort were confined to neither traditionally flooded land nor the winter months.译文:这种灾难不止发生在洪水泛滥的地区,也不止发生在:4呑6. . that were in their present locations as of 1492. as of /from: (= starting from)从时候起如:听题一 As of the first of July, all back seat passengers must wear seat belts.译文:从 7 月 1 日起,所有后座上的乘客必须系安全带。听题 The new timetable will come into effects as from January 2008.译文:新的时间表 将从2008年1月生效。7. . in effect, a genetic photo of the world. (Para.3) in effect: ( = in fact)事实上 ： 翻 i率 What the management is saying, in effect, is that they are going to stop recruiting new staff'. 译文:管理层的实际意思是,他们将停止招聘新员。翻译一 In effect, the security of major professions was undermined for ever. 译文: 事实 ±, 些主要职业的安全性被永远破坏了。8. . to adapt to climate .(Para.5) adapt to(介)(改变)以适应如: 翻译In deeper water, dwells an astonishing range of creatures which adapt well to great pressure, extreme darkness, and a food supply only available there.译文:在深水区居住着种类 惊人庞大的生物,它们能适应巨大的压,极度的黑暗和有限的食物。翻译一一 Old buildings and streets, well cared for and adapted to today's needs, vastly enhance the quality of life.译文:古老的建筑和街道被很好地维护和调整以适应今天的需要,这大 大地提高了我们的生活质量。9. in combination with ancient human bones, confirms in combination with: ( = together with ; in conjunction with )共同,与合作如: 听题一By using persuasion in combination with threats, she achieved great political success. 译文：她采取利诱和威胁并用的方式,获得了政治上的巨大成功。翻译The artist uses photographs in combination with solid objects to produce this strange cnect.译文：这个艺术家用图片加实体的方法,创造出了这种奇异的效果。10. The genetic maps also shed light on the origins of populations that have long puzzled scientists. (Para 7) shed / throw light on sth.:使某事更清楚,阐明某事: 翻i* But a better understanding of how it works could also shed light on other questions concerning the development of sensory nerve cells.译文:但是更好地理解它的运作也能帮助我 们弄清楚有关感官神经细胞发育的其他问题。翻译一 Scientists working in the Gobi desert have shed new light on the life of dinosaurs.译文:在戈壁滩上工作的科学家们对恐龙的生活有了新的认识。11. . the Khoisan people are directly descended from the most primitive human ancestors (Para.7) he descended from.:是.的后裔 / 的后人如: 听题一 She always claimed her family was descended fi*om the ancient Kings of Egypt.译文:她总是声称她的家族是古埃及国王的后裔。听题 Darwin concluded that man was descended from ape.译文：达尔文认为人是猿的后代。Section B Geniuses and Better Parenting天才与良好的家庭教育(快读)练习:看看汉语怎么说? calculation games算术游戏 pushing them to work hard推动他们努力 crucial factor关键因素 in question谈论中的,讨论中的 a long-term advantage长期的优势 to fulfill their biological potential 发挥他们的生理潜能 lasting significance长远的意义Detailed Study of the Text ( 9 key points )1. .spring up out of nowhere as if touched by the finger of God. (Para. 1) spring up:涌现,发生如: 翻译一For some unknown reason prickles sprang up all over her shoulders and down the length of both arms.译文:不知道什么原因,她的整个肩膀和两条胳膊突然感到刺痛。翻译一Where a panel is composed of just two people, a direct rivalry may spring ud about who is in charge.译文：如果一个讨论组只有两个人,就会出现谁来负责的直接竞争。2. .spring up out of nowhere as if touched by the finger of God. (Para. 1) out of nowhere: (=appear suddenly)突然冒出,不知从哪里来如: 翻译一The thought swam into her mind out of nowhere and she felt vaguely guilty when she realized it was a great relief to have this excuse.译文:这个想法不知道怎么冒了出来,当她意 识到找这个借u是种逃脱的时候,隐约感到内疚。翻译一Unaccompanied children also cross this crossing and they are very vulnerable to vehicles which seem to appear out of nowhere.译文:没人陪伴的小孩也过这个十字路口。此 时,他们很容易被不知从哪里冒出来的车撞倒。3. .who would go out of their way. (Para. 5) go out of one,s way:特别费心(做某事),千方百计如: 听题一My tnend goes out of his way to pick me up to play golf.译文:我的朋友特地来接我去大高尔夫。听题They really went out of their way to make us feel welcome.译文：他们的确尽力让我感到受欢迎。1.1. . when these made a sound, they had to make a note of what they were doing .(Para.6) make a note of.:把(某事)记录下来如:听题一 He made a mental note of the title.译文:他记住了标题。听题一Please make a note of the date of our next meeting.译文:请记下我们下次会议的 日期。5. . such as Picasso and Einstein had a head start in life .(Para. 9) have a head start (in doing./over sth.):有起步优势,领先如:听题一 I had a start in driving because my father was an instructor.译文:因为父亲是教开 车的,我比别人在开车上起步要早。听题一 Electronics is a very competitive business and the Japanese have a head start over us.译文:电子行业竞争十分激烈,日本已经走在我们前面了。6. .but the fathers in question.(Para. 10) in question: (= under consideration)谈论中,讨论中如: 听题- The goods in question had been stolen.译文：该批货物已经被盗。1奸题 I stayed at home on the night in question.译文:人们谈到的那个晚上我呆在家里。惯用法辨析 (be) out of the question:不可能的 (be) out of question:没有问题如:一 Another trip abroad this year is out of the auestion.译文:今年再度出国是绝无可能了。一 Another trip abroad this year is out of question.译文:今年再度出国是不成问题的。7. . will be passing on a negative, narrow-minded style of thinking. (Para. 11) pass on: (= give )传给如: 听题一These different abilities may be passed on through several generations.译文:这些不同的能力也许是通过几代人传下来的。听题一 ! stayed at home fbr a couple of days because I didn't want to pass on my cold to anyone else. 译文:我在家呆了几天,因为我不想把感冒传给别人。听题 Could you pass on my thanks fbr all these lovely gifts?译文:你能代我表达对送这 些可爱礼物的人的谢意?8.1. .while most people are in a good position to. (Para.14) be in a (good) position to do.:能够(做某事)，有条件(做某事)如: 听题一 Only the president is in a potion to order the release of the prisoners.译文:只有总统才能下令释放这些囚犯。听题 When I have read the whole report I shall be in a better position to comment.译文:读完整篇报道之后,我才能更好的作出评论。9. . it is far from certain.(Para. 14) far from : ( = not at all) 一点也不,远远不:题一We are fhr fh)m happy with the results of the election.译文:我们对选举结果一点也不满意。翻i举 Far 什om taking my advice, he did just what I had warned him against.译文:他非但不接受我的忠告,反而做了我曾警告他不要做的事。Key to ExercisesSection A ry - III1. discounted3. variation5. Confronted7. descendedVbcab ry -71. The scientists2. biased4. feature6. migrated8. exploringannounced last year that one of the genes that played in determiningintelligence had been identified, but to date the results have yet to be confirmed.2. They seem to think that building a new will improve the traffic problem, but in effect, it will make it worse.3. The scientists created nothing less than the first genetic map of the world.4. As of today Dr. carey will be in charge of a long-term study of children who are unusually good at math.5. The best way to lose weight is proper diet in combination with regular exercise.6. Many women in the city have taken low-paid, so-called part-time work in addition to their child-rearing and community care activities.7. Their research into better parenting and educational techniques sheds light on the fact that more boys have unusual mathematical abilities than girls.8. It is now known that this illness is not confined to any one group in society.Collocatioon一V1. secret2. experiences3. characteristics4. idea5. information6. success7. prejudices8. equality屮。寸d BuildingYl1. privacy2. intimacy3. frequency4. fluency5. secrecy6. urgency7. consistency8. dependency中。vd BuildingV1. politics2. classics3. electronics4. economics5. psychology6. methodology7. technology8. biologyStructure -VIII1. Being healthy is more than a question of not being ill.2. I was more than a little out; I was totally shocked.3. This story is more than interesting; it is educational, as well.4. Hepworth is much more than a filmmaker, he has learnt to find stories that would have genuine popular appeal.5. It was more than a misjudgment: it revealed the extent to which the religious intellectuals' theory of the church was outdated.Sucture -IX1. What was needed was nothing less than a new industrial revolution.2. This is nothing less than a call to arms to restore the vitality of the American dream.3. Their dream was nothing less than a revolutionary project to bring computers and ordinarypeople together.4. The experience of sightseeing in the wonderful island is nothing less than exciting and 1 am moved to tears.5. He was much concerned that she should not be tired, or bored and he wanted to make sure that the holiday would be nothing less than perfect for her.TranslationX1. We have received 3 anonymous letters from Palestine to date, in addition to one suspicious package.2. Their dream was nothing than a more equal society where there is no racial prejudice.3. He read more than Shakespeare' plays; he liked modem music.4. His fate in the last election, she said, would serve as a reminder to all politicians than popularity does not last.5. In effect, only hard work in combination with proper methods will always give you an advantage over others.6. Technology itself, and its effective use, is not to be confined to the traditional science subjects.7. Since the truth of this report was discounted, I was not in a position to publish it for you.8. Many software companies have adapted general programs to the new operating system.TranslationXI1 .它对人类在基因层面上的差异做了迄今为止最为广泛的调查。2 .实际上,那种认为某种群比另种群的基因更优异的理论是毫无根据的。3 .为了确保种群的“纯正”,这项研究将对象限定于其目前的生活区域仍与1492年以来相 同的那些群体,即在来自欧洲最初的大规模迁移之前。这实际上就是一幅真实的哥伦布 驶向美洲时期的世界人口基因分布图。4 .我们眼中看到的人种差异，例如欧洲人与非洲人的差异，主要是人类从个大陆向另一 个大陆迁移时为适应气候而产生的。5 .结合对远古人骨的研究，这图谱证实了非洲是人类的诞生地，因而也是人类迁移的始 发地。6 .这些发现,再加上现代非洲人与非非洲人之间的巨大基因差距,说明了从非洲人种群开 始的分支是人类家谱上最早的分支。7 .除了揭示人种的起源之外,基因信息也是医学界可用的最新原材料。医学界希望能用人 类脱氧核糖核酸制成特别的蛋白质,这些蛋白质具有某种抗病药物的价值。8 .保护土著人权益活动家们担心科学家可能会利用土著人牟利:从当地人血样中提取的基 因物质可被用于商业目的,却不给DNA提供者足够的报酬。Essay SummaryXIIl.C2. B3.A4. D5. A6. C7. D8. C9. C10. B11. A12. D13. B14. D15. A16. C17. A18. D19. B20.BSection BComprehension of ihe Text-XV/1. B2. C5. B6.CVocabula ry-XVII 1. supervised3. guarantee5. sophisticated7. steerVbcabidaryXVIII1. up 2. out5. over 6. up3. A4. B7. B8.C2. fatigue4. explore6. identified8. beneficial3. up4. in7. in8. into