考研讲义教师讲解音标大牛版.docx

专题L常用词缀讲解第一组：ab & adab 表示背离，否定abandonvt.放弃abnormal a.反常的，不正常的 abnormal phnomenonabsorbVt.l.to take sth in through 吸收2.1 nclude sth/sb as part of;merge with 并吞3.hold the interest of sb fully 使（精神）贯注a. wholly involved or occupied ; engrossed 热衷的：专注的abstracta.1.existing in thought but not having practical 抽象的；理论上的，不现实的2.difficult to understand;深奥的：难以理解的Vt.l.to take away;remove 抽取；拿走2.to summarize;概括；归纳n.摘要，梗概2003英译汉Thus ,the anthropological concept of ttcullureM , like the concept of “set" in mathematics ,is an abstract concept which makes possible immense amounts of concrete research and understanding.abundanta. plentiful大量的，充足的，丰富的abusev. l.to use wrongly or improperly ; misuse 乱用>滥用2.to hurt or injure by maltreatment 虐待，伤害n.1.improper use or handling;misuse 恶习2.physical maltreatment 虐待，伤害absoluteplete; total绝对的；完全的，纯粹的，确实的2 .unrestricted; unlimited; unqualified 无条件的,不受限制的3 .having unlimited power 专制的，独断的4 .certain; undoubted 确实的，肯定的ad= to表示朝着AD = to, toward 不断的去做某事（a , ac , af, ag ,al ,an ,ap , ar, as 9at）adaptv.1.make sth suitable for a new use, situation 适合新的用途、情况2.become adjusted to new conditions,etc 适应（新环境等）1999年英译汉Social science methodologies had to adapted to a discipline governed by the primacy of historical sources rather than the imperatives of the contemporary world.adjustv.1. put (sth) into the correct order or position; arrange 整理；整顿；安排2. become or make suited (to new conditions); adapt 使适合(新环境等);适应admitv. l.to permit to enter 允许进入2 .to permit to exercise the rights,许可,准许允许行使的权利3 .to grant to be real, valid, or true确认承认是真实的，有事实依据的adoptv.1.take sb. Into one's family 收养某人2 .take over 采纳3 . choose sb. as a candidate or representative 挑选某人作候选人或代表addictn.1.person who is unable to stop taking drugs 有瘾的人2.person who is strongly interested in sth 对某事物有强烈兴趣的人v. strongly interested in sth as a hobby 嗜好adjoininga. neighboring; contiguous 贴邻的；毗邻的administrationn.1 management 经营2 the activity of a sovereign state in the exercise of its powers or duties 彳政admirev.1. to regard with pleasure, wonder, and 叩proval 愉快、惊奇及赞同的心情看待2.to enjoy喜欢，想要喜欢某物advocatev. speak publicly in favour of (sth)拥护；recommend; support 提倡；支持n.拥护者，鼓吹者，提倡者第二组：ad的同化现象accordv. l.to cause to conform or agree; bring into harmony.使符合，使同意；使和谐2.to grant, especially as being due or appropriate 授予，尤其是应当或恰当的 n.符合，一致acceleratevt. l.to increase the speed of 加速，促进,加快的速度2. Cause to occur sooner than expected 使比预期发生的要早accountv构词ac表强调+count计数帐户，数n.会计人员，会计师accumulatev.gradually get or gather together 积累，聚集而成；堆积acknowledgev.1. accept the truth of （sth）; admit （sth）承认（某事物）属实；供认（某事物）2. report that one has received （sth）告知已收到（某物）accomplishVt. To reach the end of; compile达到终点；完成：实现（计划）appointv. appoint sb to sth/appoint sb as sthto choose sb for a job or position of responsibility 任命；委任to arrange or decide on a time or place for doing 安排，确定（时间地点）assemblevi. 1. to bring or call together into a group or whole 召集2. to fit together the parts or pieces of 装配vii. to gather together; congregate 集合09年：automotive-assembly 汽车流水线assertVt.l.to state or express positively 断言2.to defend or maintain维护（坚持自己的权利）n. l,the act of asserting 武断的行为2 something declared or stated positively 断言assignVt. To set apart for a particular purpose ,select for a duty; appoint派给，分配，选定，指定2002英译汉As the interaction between organism and environment has come to be understood ,however, effects once assigned to states of mind, feelings , and traits are beginning to be traced to accessible conditions.assaultv. to make an assault猛烈地攻击，袭击n. a violent physical or verbal attack 突然而猛烈的进攻attachv.1.to fasten, secure or join 系贴2 .to connect as an adjunct or associated condition or part 使联系3 .toascribe or assign 归咎于4 .to bind by emotional ties ,as of affection or loyalty 使喜爱,使依恋第三组：c。及其变体L cocooperatev.1. to work or act together toward a common end or purpose 合作2. be compliant K U3. benefit 协作【链接】cooperation .合作,协作 cooperative .合作的，轨力的2000英年汉They may alter the structure of education, or interfere in order to reduce the wastage of natural resources or tap resources hitherto unexploited; or they may cooperate directly in the growing number of international projects related to science, economics and industry.coordinaten. one that is equal in importance, rank, or degree 同等的人或物a. of equal importance, rank, or degree 同等的2. of or involving coordination机调的或涉及桃调的v.1. to place in the same order, class, or rank,将置于同一次序、类别或等级中2. to be coordinate 使同等3. to form a pleasing combination; match 形成赏心悦目的组合；相配2 col/corcollaborateVt.1. to work together 协作，合作2. to cooperate with an enemy occupation force in one s country 勾结colleaguen.person with whom one works 同事，同僚collectionn.l .the art or process of collecting 收集2,收集物correlatev. to put or bring into causaL complementary, parallel, or reciprocal relation 相互取系n. either of two correlate entities; a correlative 相关一方correspondv.1. to be in agreement, harmony, or conformity 一致2. to communicate by letter 交流【链接】correspondence .相应，通信，信件 correspondent .通讯记者，通信者 corresponding 。.相应的，通讯的3 com-group one:combatv. n.l to oppose in battle fight against of or relating to combat 战斗,搏斗，格斗combinev.to bring into a state of unity to possess or exhibit in combination 联合，结合，化合 n.集团，联合企业command1 .to have control or authority over rule 命令»指挥，控制2 .deserve and receive as due exact 应得，值得n. ability to control or use mastery 掌握，运用能力commentn. a written note intended as an explanation an illustration 注释，评论，意见v.to make a comment;re mark on 7主释，评论commercen.trade buying and selling of goods 商业，尤指国际间的贸易v链接commercialize v.使商业化，使商品化commerciala.1. relating to commerce 商业的2. involved in work that is intended for the mass market 迎合大众的，有商、也气息的comparevt.to consider or describe as similar equal or analogous like to with 比较 to 把.比作 vi.to be worthy of comparison bear comparison 相比 parison 比较group two：commodityn.l.商品，日用品2.货物，物品commutev.1.travel regularly by bus train or car between one s place of work and ones home 上下班往返2.change sth into sth else 改变某事物comprehensionn.l.understanding 理解2.the knowledge that is acquired in this way 理解力comprehensivea.内容广泛的总括性的，综合的4.con -Group one:condensev.1.become thicker or more concentrated 变稠或变浓，浓缩2 .change form gas or vapour to a liquid 凝结3 .put sth into fewer words.减缩，摘要，简述1998英译汉According to the theory, the universe burst into being as a submicroscopic .concentratev.i.focus exclusively and intensely on sth 全神贯注，精神集中，专心致志4 .some or bring together at one place 集合，集中3increase the strength of a solution by reducing its volume 浓缩v链接,concentrate n.浓缩液concentrated a.极度的，紧张的;表强调的,强烈的concentrationn.专心,专注;集中,集结;浓度confidencen.l .trust or faith in a person or thing 信赖5 .that which is confided; a secret 私事6 .a feeling of assurance that a confidant will keep a secret 信心confrontv.l.to come face to face with 面对2 .碰到，遇到3 .进行反抗concretea.1.existing in material form that can be touched felt etc 以物质形式存在的，具体的,实体的2.definite positive确定的，明确的,确定的3.solid凝固的Vt.to build with hard strong construction magterial，疑结vi. to harden solidify 硬化，固化2003英译汉Thus the anthropological concept of culture like the concept of set in mathematics is an abstract concept which makes possible immense amounts of concrete research and understanding.confessv.1.to disclose admit 坦白2.to make known(one s sins)忏悔to God or to a priest 忏悔conflictn.l.war 战争2.a clash 7中突contestn. a struggle for superiority or victory between rivals 竞争v.1. to compete or strive for 竞争或为而奋斗；dispute or challenge 辨驳第四组：前缀dei表示分解拆开decode v.解码detectv.侦查，发现v. to discover or ascertain the existence, presence, or fact of 察觉，发觉，侦察，探测detachvt. disconnect; to remove from association; to send 分开，分离，分遗，而遣(军队)2表示向下declinev.1. descend 下%衰落2. to express polite refusal 拒绝n. the process or result of declining 下降；斜面，I®斜，衰落depress v.使郁闷，使压抑defect n.缺点，缺陷3 de表示离开deviate v.离开，背离deprivev. to take something away from; to remove from office 剥夺，夺去，便丧失(of)【链接】deprivation ".剥夺derivev. to obtain or receive from a source; to arrive at by reasoning; deduce or infer; to trace the origin or development of 取得；导出;引申;来自;源自;出自2003英译汉“Anthropology“ derives from the Green works anthropos “human“ and logos 'the study of表示强调debatev.&n, to consider something; deliberate; to dispute or argue about 争论，辩论同意联想:disputen. a verbal controversy; a debate 争论，争执v. to argue about;争论 debate;辩论 to question the truth or validity of 怀疑t链接】disputable a.有时论余地的,真假可疑的quarrelcontroversydeliverv.1. to surrender to another; hand over: distribute;交付，递送2. to express in words 发表；表达3. to set free 释放4. to give birth to; to assist or aid in the birth of 分娩；接生demandV.1.要求；请求2.(顾客的)需求，需要describeV.1.描述某人某事物;叙述；形容2. state sb/sth to be sth; call 叫作；称作2004英年汉Two anthropologistslinguists, Franz Boas and Edward Sapir, were pioneers in describing many native languages of North and South America during the first half of the twentieth century.detailn.1.细目；细节；详情2 .较小的或次要的部分3 .-3队;小分队第五组dis-1表示不，正淀Idisablev. to deprive of capability or effectiveness 便无能为2001英译汉There will be television chat shows hosted by robots, and cars with pollution monitors that will disable them when they offend.disabilityn.1. incapacity无能力力；无能力2. a disadvantage or deficiency 限制，不利条件disappearv.1. no longer be visible; vanish 消失；失踪2. stop existing 不复存在disablev. to deprive of capability or effectiveness 便无能力2001英译汉There will be television chat shows hosted by robots, and cars with pollution monitors that will disable them when they offend.disabilityn.1. incapacity无能力力；无能力2. a disadvantage or deficiency 限制，不利条件disappointvt.1. to fail to satisfy the hope, desire, or expectation 失望2. to frustrate or thwart 破灭，性歌(计划等)discomfortn. mental or bodily distress 不适，病搞v. to make uncomfortable; distress 使不舒服2离去discardvt. to throw away; reject 丢弃，抛弃，遗弃【习惯用语】into the discard成为无用之物;故遗忘2002英译汉Physics and biology once followed similar practices and advanced only when they discarded the.disclosev. to make known (something heretofore kept secret)1小，泄露第大组i m /i n表示里面impact72.1. collision 冲击，徒撞2. the effect or impression 影响v.1. impact 最响2. to pack firmly together; to strike forcefully 挤人，压紧implement.工具，器具v. to put into practical effect, carry out 贯网，实现imprison【构词】im进A+prison监狱一监禁v. to put in or as if in prison; confine 束缚；禁锢2004英译汉Whorf came to believe in a sort of linguistic determinism which, in its strongest from, states that language imprisons the mind, and that the grammatical patterns in a language can produce farreaching consequences for the culture of a society.inborna. possessed by an organism at birth 天生的；2. inherited or hereditary 遗传的，继承的innatea.1. possessed at birth, inborn 生来的，天生的2. inherent特有的，固有的3. of or produced by the mind rather than learned through experience 内在的，直觉的2.表示否定impatienta.1. expressing or produced by impatience 不耐烦的，急操的2. restively eager or desirous; anxious 急切地热望的或渴望的3. intolerant不能容忍的incapablea. lacking the necessary ability, capacity, or power 无能的；没用的3.1 ncompetent 不胜任的3. not admitting or permitting; not susceptible 不容许的；无法做的1997英译汉It denies rights not only to animals but also to some peoplefor instance, to infance, to infants, the mentally incapable and future generatons.总结：否定的词缀1nonnonsensen.l.废话2 .胡说；胡同3 .可笑，夸张4 . usefulness无价值的性的东西nonstopa. made or done without stops 不停的2. neg-InegativeaA.否定的2 .消极的3 .阴性的.负数；（摄影）底片u.l. veto拒绝赞同；反对4 . to counteract or neutralize 阻碍neglectv.disregard忽视；疏忽n.habitual lack of care 疏忽；忽略（常与 of 连用）3 m is-misfortunen. a distressing occurrence, bad fortune or ill luck 不幸，灾祸，灾难mistrustn. lack of trust 不信任v. to regard without trust or confidence 怀 M第七组：re -表示重复，回来recreatevt. refresh mentally or physically.®得到休养vz. to take recreation 得到消遣reflectv.l.反射2 .（常与that, how连用）表达；反映3 .（常与。n, upon连用）仔细考虑relatevi. 1. to narrate or tell 叙述，讲述2. to react in response发生共鸣，产生反应3. to have connection, relation, or rederence 便互相关联（常与 to, with 连用）relationnA.关系；相互的关联；联系2 .参考；在关3 .陈述，叙述告诉或叙述的动作【链接】relationshipA .关系（relation关系+ship某抻关系或状态关系）2004英年汉The relation of language and mind has interested philosophers fbr many centuries.relativelyad. in a relative manner; in comparison with something else 相对地，相对地；和其他事物比较而言地relaxVI.1. to make lax or loose （使）松弛，放松2. to make less severe or strict放宽便较不严厉或严格releasevi. l.to set free from confinement, restraint, or bondage 释放，解放2 . to issue for performance, sale, publication, or distribution 发表，发行nA.释放，豁免，放松3 .许可物relievevi.1. to cause a lessening or alleviation of 减轻，解除2. to furnish assistance or aid to 援救,救济rememberv .1. think of again 记得2. to recall to the mind with effort 努力想起3. to retain in the memory 记下来remindvi .l. inform （sb） to do sth提醍（某人）注意某事2.使回想起或意识到【链接】reminder .提醒的人，暗示retreatv.1. withdraw after being defeated 撤退，退却2 . go away to a place of shelter or privacy 退避nA.撤退；退却3 . the retreat military signal 撤退信号4 . seclusion退避；隐遁5 .静居处；隐居处第八组：trans 表示跨越transactionnA. transacting 办理；处理6 .业务；交易；7 .报告会，计论会，会议记录，公报transferv.l.调动(常与t。连用)2. to change from one public conveyance to another 转换.将某物从一个地方、一个或事物特移到另一个大身上transformvt. to change markedly the appearance 转化；改造，改造transistor n.晶体管transition n. hanging from one state or condition to another 过渡；转变;变 if transmitvt. l.pass on 传染3. hand down遗传或传达4. to pass along; communicate 传播;交流transportationnA.运送2.运输工具3.fare.运费4.流放【链接】transportable a.可运输的；可流放的transported a.-(with sth)精不自禁1 .able表示能力able a.能的；有能力的be able toenable v.使能够enable sthenable sb to doThe dictionary enable us to understand English words.feasible Pl & plausible Yfeasible a.可作的可行的feasible suggestionplausible Y.构词plaus+ible能鼓掌通过的一可行的a.1. seeming to be right or reasonable; believable 似乎正确的，做有道理的,可信的2. skilled in producing convincing arguments 能说会道的【链接】plausibility似乎正坳或有理；可信;能言善耨； plausibly ad.似乎很信【真题连线】1998 Text 7Odd though it sounds, cosmic inflation is a cientifically plausible consequence of some respected ideas in elementaryparticle physics, and many astrophysicists have been convinced for the better part of a decade that it is true.宇宙微胀说虽然听做奇特，但它是基本粒子的物理学中一些公认的理论在科学看来秘乎可信的推论。许多天体物理学家七八年来一直确信这一论说是正懈的。补充：2.en表示使动endanger A【构词】en使进入状态+ danger危险一使面临危险 vt. to expose to harm or danger; imperil 使受危险或伤害；危及【真题连线】1999 Passage 4Because current federal law already forbids the use of federal funds to create embryos