2015考研英语基础阶段模拟试题及详解.docx

2012考研英语基础阶段模拟试题及详解（1） 12012考研英语基础阶段模拟试题及详解（2） 312012考研英语基础阶段模拟试题及详解(1)Section I Structure and VocabularyDirections:Beneath each of the following sentences, there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that best completes the sentence and put your choice in the ANSWER SHEET (20 points)1. As scheduled, the communications satellite went into round the earth.A circle B orbit C path D course2.1 don't want to lend any more money to him; he*s already in debt me.A to B for C of D with3.to speak when the audience interrupted him.A Hardly had he begun B No sooner had he begunC Not until he began D Scarcely did he begin4. Jean Wagnefs most enduring contribution to the study of Afro-American poetry is his insistence that itin a religious, as well as worldly, frame of reference.Ais to be analyzed Bhas been analyzedCbe analyzed Dshould have been analyzed5. Humbleit may be, there's no place like home, where he may go.Aalthough Bas Chow Dwhich6. Although he thought he was helping us prepare the dinner, he was actually the way.A in B by C off D on7. Although the false banknotes fooled many people, they did not close examination.A put up B keep up C stand up to D look up to8. Anna was reading a piece of science fiction, completely to the outside world.A being lost B having lost C losing D lost9. Our modern civilization must not be thought of as in a short period of time.A being created B to have been createdC having been created D to be created10. The students expected there more reviewing classes before the final exam.A is B being C have been D to be11. The patient has been of the safety of the operation.A assured B guaranteed C entrusted D confirmed12. Will you this passage to see if there is any misprint?A look up B go over C dwell on D work out13. The album is as it was the only one ever signed by the President.A unusual B unique C rare D singular14. Prof. Ward hardly ever went to the theater.A neither the cinema nor B neither the cinema orC either the cinema or D either the cinema nor15. The bank is reported in the local newspaper in broad daylight yesterday.A to be robbed B robbedC to have been robbed D having been robbed16. Talk to anyone in the drug industry, you'll soon discover that the science of genetics is the biggest thing to hit drug research since penicillin was discovered.A or B so C for D and17. Had Paul received six more votes in the last election, he our chairman now.A must have been B would have been C were D would be18. Stressful environments lead to unhealthy behaviors such as poor eating habits, which increase the risk of heart disease.A in turn B in return C by chance D by turns19. The tourist is prevented from entering a country if he does not have passport.A an operative B a valid C an efficient D an effective20. The project requires more labor than.A has been put in B have been put in C being put in D to be put inSection II Use of EnglishDirections:Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and put your choice in the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)Reading to oneself is a modern activity which was almost unknown to the scholars of the classical and 21 worlds, while during the fifteenth century the term “reading" 22 meant reading aloud. Only during the nineteenth century did silent reading become commonplace. One should be wary, however, of 23 that silent reading came about simply because reading aloud is a(n) 24 to others. Examination of factors related to the 25 development of silent reading reveals that it became the usual mode of reading for most adult reading tasks mainly because the tasks themselves changed in 26 .The last century saw a steady gradual increase in 27 , and thus in the number of readers. As readers increased, the number of potential listeners 28 , and thus there was some 29 in the need to read aloud. As reading for the benefit of listeners grew less common, so came the flourishing of reading as a 30 activity in such public places as libraries, railway carriages and offices, where reading aloud would 31 distraction to other readers.Towards the end of the century there was still 32 argument over whether books should be used for information or treated 33 , and over whether the reading of material such as newspapers was in some way 34 weakening. Indeed this argument remains with us still in education. 35 , its virtues, the old shared literacy culture had gone and was 36 by the printed mass media on the one hand and by books and periodicals for a 37 readership on the other.By the end of the century students were being recommended to adopt attitudes to books and to use skills in reading them which were inappropriate, 38 not impossible, for the oral reader. The social, cultural, and technological changes in the century had greatly 39 what the term "reading" 40 .21 .A contemporaryB modernC medieval D western22 .A undoubtedlyB reallyC absolutelyD accordingly23 .A imaginingB consumingC resumingD assuming24 .A interruptionB distractionC botherfD pressure25 .A historicalB historicC historyD historian26 .A qualityB characterC personalityD distinctiveness27 .A literateB illiterateC literacyD literature28 .A recededB declinedC increasedD expanded29 .A limitationB necessityC reductionD shrink30 .A privateB overtC publicD secret31 .A causeB effectC produceD realize32 .A considerableB considerateC moderatefD immoderate33 .A respectivelyB honorablyC respectfullyD relatively34 .A largelyB intelligentlyC mentallyD physically35 .A HoweverBWhateverC WhicheverD Wherever36 .A replacedB takenC followedD distinguished37 .A specificB specialC specifiedD specialized38 .A andB ifC butD or39 .A translatedB differedC shiftedD altered40 .A inferredB advisedfC inducedD impliedSection III Reading ComprehensionDirections:Each of the passages below is followed by some questions. For each question four answers are given. Read the passages carefully and choose the best answer to each of the questions. Put your choice in the ANSWER SHEET. (40 points)Text 1The entrepreneur, according to French economist J.B. Say, Mis a person who shifts economic resources out of an area of lower and into an area of higher productivity and yield." But Say*s definition does not tell us who this entrepreneur is. Some define the entrepreneur simply as one who starts his or her own new and small business. For our purposes, we will define the entrepreneur as a person who takes the necessary risks to organize and manage a business and receives the financial profits and nonmonetary rewards.The man who opens a small pizza restaurant is in business, but is he an entrepreneur? He took a risk and did something, but did he shift resources or start the business? If the answer is yes, then he is considered an entrepreneur. Ray Kroc is an example of an entrepreneur because he founded and established McDonaldts. His hamburgers were not a new idea, but he applied new techniques, resource allocations, and organizational methods in his venture. Ray Kroc upgraded the productivity and yield from the resources applied to create his fast-food chain. This is what entrepreneurs do; this is what entrepreneurship means.Many of the sharp, black-and-white contrasts between the entrepreneur and the professional have faded to gray color. Formerly, professionals such as doctors, lawyers, dentists, and accountants were not supposed to be entrepreneurial, aggressive, or market oriented. They were “above” the market-driven world. Entrepreneurs, on the other hand, were the mavericks of society. They were risk-takers who aggressively sought to make something happen. Long hours were about all the two worlds had in common. However, increased competition, saturated markets, and a more price-conscious public have changed the world of the professionals. Today they need to market their skills, talents, and competencies. Lawyers advertise their services. Doctors specialize in one form of surgery. Accounting firms join with other businesses (e.g., consulting and law) to serve clients.Entrepreneurs exhibit many different behaviors; searching for a specific personality pattern is very difficult. Some entrepreneurs are quiet, introverted, and analytical. On the other hand, some are brash, extroverted, and very emotional. Many of them share some qualities. Viewing change as the norm, entrepreneurs usually search for it, respond to it, and treat it as an opportunity. An entrepreneur such as Ray Kroc of McDonald's is able to take resources and shift them to meet a need. Making the decision to shift resources works better if a person is creative, experienced, and confident.41. According to the first paragraph, who can be regarded as an entrepreneur?A The CEO of a big company. B The owner of a profitable restaurant.C A man who started a new kind of business. D A successful salesman.42. According to the text, the professionals .A are quite different from entrepreneurs even nowB were considered to be enterprising and market-centeredC were price-consciousD have to advertise themselves in nowadays43. From the text, we learn that.A an entrepreneur should be very extrovertedB an entrepreneur should be quick to seize opportunitiesC change is not norm in an entrepreneur's eyesD the French economist J.B. Say is the first person who gave the definition of “entrepreneur”44. The purpose of the author in writing the passage is to .A complete the definition of entrepreneurB tell the readers what is entrepreneur and the main characteristics of entrepreneursC show what kind of people can become entrepreneursD illustrate why Ray Kroc can become an entrepreneur45. What will most possibly follow the text?A An example of how an entrepreneur operates. B Another theory about entrepreneurship.C The bad effects of entrepreneurs. D The good effects of entrepreneurs.Text 2St. Paul didn't like it. Moses warned his people against it. Hesiod declared it Mmischievious" and “hard to get rid of it,“ but Oscar Wilder said, "Gossip is charming."History is merely gossip," he wrote in one of his famous plays. "But scandal is gossip made tedious by morality."In times past, under Jewish law, gossipmongers might be fined or flogged. The Puritans put them in stocks or ducking stools, but no punishment seemed to have the desired effect of preventing gossip, which has continued uninterrupted across the back fences of the centuries.Today, however, the much-maligned human foible is being looked at in a different light. Psychologists, sociologists, philosophers, even evolutionary biologists are concluding that gossip may not be so bad after all.Gossip is Man intrinsically valuable activity," philosophy professor Aaron Ben-Ze'ev states in a book he has edited, entitled Good Gossip. For one thing, gossip helps us acquire information that we need to know that doesn't come through ordinary channels, such as: uWhat was the real reason so-and-so was fired from the office?" Gossip also is a form of social bonding, Dr. Ben-Ze'ev says. It is “a kind of sharing" that also “satisfies the tribal neednamely, the need to belong to and be accepted by a unique group." What's more, the professor notes, "Gossip is enjoyable."Another gossip groupie, Dr. Ronald De Sousa, a professor of philosophy at the University of Toronto, describes gossip basically as a form of indiscretion and a "saintly virtue", by which he means that the knowledge spread by gossip will usually end up being slightly beneficial. Mlt seems likely that a world in which all information were universally available would be preferable to a world where immense power resides in the control of secrets," he writes.Still, everybody knows that gossip can have its ill effects, especially on the poor wretch being gossiped about. And people should refrain from certain kinds of gossip that might be harmful, even though the ducking stool is long out of fashion.By the way, there is also an interesting strain of gossip called medical gossip, which in its best form, according to researchers Jerry M. Suis and Franklin Goodkin, can motivate people with symptoms of serious illness, but who are unaware of it, to seek medical help.So go ahead and gossip. But remember, if (as often is the case among gossipers) you should suddenly become one of the gossipees instead, it is best to employ the foolproof defense recommended by Plato, who may have learned the lesson from Socrates, who as you know was the victim of gossip spread that he was corrupting the youth of Athens: When men speak ill of thee, so live that nobody will believe them. Or, as Will Rogers said, "Live so that you wouldn't be ashamed to sell the family parrot to the town gossip."46. Persons' remarks are mentioned at the beginning of the text to.A show the general disapproval of gossipB introduce the topic of gossipC examine gossip from a historical perspectiveD prove the real value of gossip47. By "Gossip also is a form of social bonding" (Para. 5), Professor Aaron Ben-Ze'ev means gossipA is a valuable source of social informationB produces a joy that most people in society needC brings people the feel of being part of a groupD satisfies people's need of being unusual48. Which of the following statements is true according to the text?A everyone involved will not benefit from gossip.B philosophers may hold different attitudes toward gossip.C Dr. Ronald De Sousa regards gossips as perfectly advantageous.D people are generally not conscious of the value of medical gossip.49. We learn from the last paragraph that.A gossipers will surely become gossipees somedayB Socrates was a typical example of a gossiper becoming a gossipeeC Plato escaped being a victim of gossip by no gossipingD an easy way to confront gossip when subjected to it is to live as usual50. The author's attitude toward "gossip" can be best described as.A neutral B positiveC negative D indifferentText 3Efforts could potentially avoid at least some of the psychopathy (mental illness) that underlies school shootings, since medicine now can help even the most severely ill. And they would also benefit the many young people struggling with far less extreme brain disorders.The U.S. Secret Service, which studies "targeted violence", provides insight on the urgency of the need in its 2002 "Safe School Initiative" report: School attacks, instead of being the random impulsive