2021年北京市高考英语总复习：阅读理解（附答案解析）.docx

2021年北京市髙考英语总复习:阅读理解1. Over 40 years ago, a country music DJ convention（大会） was held every year in Nashville, Tennessee. Many country performers used to attend （参H） the convention to give their performances. Fans would go to Nashville hoping to see their favorite performers. In the end, so many fans began showing up in Nashville that a festival named Fan Fair was bom.The first Fan Fair was held in April 1972, in Nashville for four days. Some of country music*s biggest stars attended. There were about fifty thousand fans. The first Fan Fair was so successful that planning began almost immediately for 1973. The date was changed to June, when the weather would be better. Over one hundred thousand fans attended the second Fan Fair.Every year brought so many performers and fans to Fan Fair that, in 1982, it was moved to the Tennessee State Fairgrounds. Fan Fair stayed at the fairgrounds for another nineteen years.There was always the unexpected during the festival. In 1974, former Beatle Paul McCartney attended. In 1992, more than six hundred reporters from Europe, Asia, and South America went to cover the appearance of a popular star, Billy Ray Cyrus, who had introduced a new country line dance. In 1996, Garth Brooks, who made a surprise appearance, signed autographs （签名）for 23 hours.In 2001, Fan Fair returned to downtown Nashville as the world's biggest country music festival. Now, over one hundred and twenty - five thousand country music fans go to Nashville every June. As you can imagine, those who want to attend Fan Fair must plan ahead. For example, they need to buy a ticket several months ahead of time. Of course, there's much more to prepare.（1） According to the text, Fan Fair.A. lasts almost half a month every yearB. has a history of more than 50 yearsC. is a time when country music lovers get togetherD. is the most important music festival in America(2) The second Fan Fair.A. was attended by former Beatle Paul McCartneyB. was moved from Nashville to the fairgroundsC. was more popular than the first oneD. was held in the spring of 1972(3) The purpose of the fourth paragraph is to.A. introduce three famous musiciansB. show why Fan Fair has been popularC. ask people to attend Fan FairD. explain how Fan Fair started(4) What will the author probably talk about next? A. Advice for fans.B. Music in America.C. Education in Nashville.D. The future of country music.2. I watched my Dad close the door. It was a really cold night in dead silence and I was all alone at home. My parents left because they had been running fever for several days and they were showing other symptoms of COVID - 19. It was the 9th day of Wuhan lockdown starting on January 23.The virus we now know as COVID - 19 is somehow fearsome partly because it does not discriminate (区另对待)in choosing who it infects. But that is only partly true. All the evidence suggest that it can be merciless to older people, so I was wondering whether my parents would make it and whether we would ever take family photos, which my parents and I had talked about during the Spring Festival holiday.On their second day away my parents called and asked me how I was. We talked using FaceTime, and the moment I saw mom lying there with an oxygen mask and my dad could not talk without breathing heavily, I realized that I had to live on my own.But two weeks later, I came across a fever and had to go into quarantine (隔离)and be put under medical observations for 14 days. Fortunately, my illness turned out to be due to a bacterial infection but not COVID - 19.Everything there was hectic, and there seemed to be a shortage of medical staff and materials were in short supply. Even though the doctors and nurses were covered from head to toe, I could see how tired they were when I looked into their bloodshot eyes.They would work a whole day preparing for new patients and seemed incredibly apologetic for not having everything that was needed. Most of the patients were really understanding, but of course there were those who were not, and complained loudly, but all the doctors and nurses tried their best to deal with it in a calming way. And they are all from other cities like Shanghai and Guangzhou, and some of them are just three or four years older than me.When the quarantine was over, every patient effusively thanked the workers for what they had done, but the answer they received was exactly the same： "That's what we're here for. ”(1) When did the author's parents leave her for the hospital ? A. January 23.B. January 30.C. January 31.D. February 1.(2) What does the underlined phrase "make it" in Paragraph 2 mean? A. succeedB. join inC. arriveD. survive(3) What can we learn according to the passage? A. Both the author and her parents got infected with COVID - 19.B. The majority of the patients understood the doctors and nurses.C. The patients apologized to the doctors and nurses because they were too tired.D. The author didn't get infected with COVID - 19 because the virus can only infect the older. (4) What may the author think of the medical workers according to the passage? A. admirableB , outgoingC. impatientD. thankful3. Royal Dutch Shell is launching a $ 300 million and forestry program, at a time when an increasing number of oil companies are putting money in carbon offset （碳偿） plans to meet climate goals. The company will spend the money over the next three years on projects to store carbon» including large forests in the Netherlands and Spain, and will start offering motorists the option of purchasing carbon offsets when they buy petrol at the pump.The executives of the company explained that these carbon offset projects were a new business opportunity for Shell, as well as a way to meet is climate targets. "We believe that over time we will be building a business, because these carbon credits will become more valuable as carbon becomes more limited, " they said. Shell recently decided to cut its net carbon footprint （碳排放）by 2 - 3 percent in five years, which includes emissions （排 放）from the products it sells. The company plans to produce carbon credits from the forestry projects, then sell these credits on to customers buying is oil and gas products, or apply the credits to is own operations to lower its carbon footprint.Plants absorb carbon dioxide as they grow and restoring forests and other natural areas is considered one of the simplest ways to store carbon. However, the voluntary market for carbon credits based on forestry projects has its critics, as projects in developing countries can be hard to monitor. ShelTs move has also been criticized by some environmentalists. They worried that there was a risk of "green wash" when companies invested in forestry projects. "There is an entire debate about whether forestry projects truly reduce emissions or not, " they said, pointing out that planting in one area could cause deforestation （滥伐森林） to another.Shell said it would rely on the third party to ensure its forest program to meet the Voluntary Carbon Standard and strict biodiversity requirements. Mark Lewis, head of climate change investment research at BNP Paribas, said, " Planting trees to offset emissions, as far as it goes, is a step in the right direction.（1） What is popular among oil companies these days? A. Studying climate changes.B Launching forestry programs.C. Working out carbon offset plans.D. Attracting motorists to buy their petrol.(2) How will Shell Company make profits from its carbon offset projects? A. By quitting the emissions of its products.B. By reducing its carbon footprint by a quarter.C. By limiting the oil used by its own operations.D. By putting carbon credits it produces on the market.(3) W hat concerns some environmentalists about forestry project? A. The projects can't really stop carbon emissions.B. The projects are hard to monitor in poor countries.C. The projects may lead to deforestation in other forests.D. The projects haven't met strict biodiversity requirements.(4) What does the underlined word "green wash" in paragraph 3 mean? A. Discount.B. Cheat.C. Decline.D. Change.4. Memories are stronger when the original experiences are accompanied by unpleasant smells, a team of researchers has found. The study broadens our understanding of what can drive Pavlovian responses (巴甫洛夫条件反射)and points to how negative experiences influence our ability to recall past events. "These results prove that bad smells can lead to memory improvement in both adolescents and adults, " explains Catherine Hartley, an assistant professor in New York University's Department of Psychology (，、理学) and the senior author of the paper, which appears in the journal Learning & Memory.The effect of negative experiences on memory has long been shown - and is familiar to us. For example, if you are bitten by a dog, you may develop a negative memory of the dog that bit you. Because of the painful memory surrounding the bite, you are likely to have a stronger impression of it than your other past experiences with dogs.In order to better understand how learned negative experiences influence memory during this stage of development, the researchers designed a Pavlovian learning task for individuals aged 13 to 25. The task included the viewing of a series of images belonging to one of two kinds： objects and scenes. As the study*s participants viewed the images, they wore a mask connected to a special equipment. While participants viewed images from one kind, unpleasant smells were sometimes sent through the piece of equipment to the mask； while viewing images from the other kind, air with no smell was used. This allowed the researchers to examine memory for images connected with a bad smell as well as for description of related images.A day later, researchers tested the participants, memory for the images. Their findings showed that both adolescents and adults showed better memory for images paired with the bad smell 24 hours after they saw these images. They also found that some individuals had larger responses at the point when they thought they would experience either a bad smell or clean air while viewing the image, no matter whether a smell was actually delivered. And those people were proved to have better memory. This suggests that unpredictability (不可预测 ，性) or surprise was connected with the outcome leading to better memory.(1) What has a stronger influence on our memory according to the text? A. Painful experiences.B. An easy journey.C. Warm weather.D. A lovely toy.(2) What's the function of the equipment connected to the mask in the research ? A.To collect data.B. To show images.C. To provide bad smells.D. To protect the participants.(3) What's the best title for the text? A. Bad smells lead to good memories B. Surprises improve people's memoriesC. An important lesson on human memoriesD. The relationship between smells and memories5. In an attempt to win back old customers, restaurants and companies often introduce new menu items or new flavors. Most of these are successful with customers because they have always been researched and tested by companies before they meet the public. However, there are still some that are so unpopular with customers and they fail so badly as a product that they become infamous.One of the most well - known marketing failures happened in 1985 with New Coke, a soft drink created to replace the original Coca - Cola flavor. The Coca - Cola Company tested several new flavors and found that people always preferred a sweeter soda. As a result, the CEO decided that the sweeter soda would replace the original Coca - Cola drink.Many customers, however, soon started to express their dissatisfaction with the new drink. The Coca - Cola Company received over 1,500 angry telephone calls every day. The Coca - Cola Company actually employed special experts to talk to customers because they were so angry and sad about the change. Some Americans were buying old Coca - Cola drinks from overseas where the new drink had not yet been introduced. And in some parts of America people were so angry that they emptied bottles of New Coke into the street.So many people were unhappy with Coca - Cola's new drink that the company decided only three months later to return to the old Coca - Cola drink. On July 10, 1985, the Coca -Cola Company said that it would bring back the old Coke and rename the drink oca - Cola Classic" or "Coke Classic".Thousands of customers phoned the company to express their support.Even today, business experts are interested in this case. Even though the Coca - Cola Company had carefully tested and experimented with New Coke before introducing it to customers, the New drink was still very unpopular. So, what did Coca - Cola do wrong *? It seems the company simply did not understand customers* deep historical and emotional attachment to the drink.(1) Why do companies usually introduce new menu items? A. To attract past customers.B. To attract new customers.C. To attract elderly customers.D. To attract customers with special needs.(2) What is the difference between New Coke and the original one? A. New Coke is sweeter.B. New Coke is more acidic.C. New Coke's color is lighter.D. New Coke's bottle is bigger.(3) What is Paragraph 3 mainly about? A. Why New Coke failed in America.B. The harm New Coke did to people's health.C. How customers acted in answer to the introduction of New Coke.D. The comparison between sales of New Coke and the original one.(4) When was New Coke put on the market? A. In May 1985.B. In April 1985.C. In June 1985.D. In July 1985.(5) What is most likely to be discussed in the paragraph that follows? A. The reasons why New Coke succeeded overseas.B. The history of the Coca - Cola Company in the 1990s.C. The difference between New Coke and Coke Classic.D. The importance of people's feelings about old products.6. If plastic had been invented when the Pilgrims (清教徒移民)sailed from Plymouth, England, to North America - and the Mayflower had been stocked with bottled water and plastic - wrapped snacks - their plastic waste would likely still be around, four centuries later. If the Pilgrims had been like many people today and had simply thrown their empty bottles and wrappers over the side, Atlantic waves and sunlight would have worn all that plastic into tiny bits. And those bits might still be floating around the world's oceans today, waiting to be eaten by unfortunate fish, and eventually perhaps by one of us.Because plastic wasn't invented until the late 19th century, and production really only took off around 1950, we have a mere 9. 2 billion tons of the stuff to deal with. Of that, more than 6.9 billion tons have become waste. And of that waste» a shocking 6.3 billion tons never made it