2021年翻译硕士（MTI）《211翻译硕士英语》阅读理解高分特训100篇.docx

第I章 阅读理解技巧指南 一41.1 大纲要求和试题类型 41.2 解題技巧指南4第2章阅读理解高分特训1(1)篇 72.1 多项选择7 文学传记类7 商业经济类25 教育文化类5() 科普科研类一 69 社会生活类882.2 冋答何题110 文学传记类 110 商业经济类115 教育文化类 - 120 科普科研类 128 社会生活类139第I,阅读理解技巧指南1.1 大纲要求和试题类型全国翻译硕士专业学位教仃指导委员会根据全日制翻洋硕士专业学位研究生指导性培养方案以及培养高 层次、应用型、专业性n笔译人才的教育目如,制定全H制翻译硕专业学位研究生入学考试大纲,其中,翻 洋硕士英格考试大纲对阅读理解部分的具体要求如:1 .号核要求D能读愠常见外科上的专题文章、历史传记及文学作M等各种文体的文章.既能理解其主旨和大意,乂能 分辨出其中的事实与细节.并能理解其中的观点和隐含意义.2）能根据阅读时间要求调整白己的阅读速度.2 .试题类想I）多项选择题（包括信息实性阅读题和观点评到性阅读题）：2I简答题（要求根据所阅读的文章.用3-5行字數的冇限篇幅扼要回答问题.重点考在阅读综述能力）.本部分题材广泛,体裁多样.选材体现时代性、实用性:照点考杳通过阅读获取信息和理解观点的能力:対 阅读速度有一定要求,通过分析各大院校翻译硕士英语考研立即可知.阅读理解的出题形式主要为四至五篇文章.其中一至两 筲为简答题,其他文章为多项选择题.做多项选拝题每题2分,荷答题每麴2至4分.由于（翻译硕士英语 由各招生单位自主命想,阅读部分的文章长度差别比较大,阅读小人的能达到4000多词（如四川大学）,小的 只冇1500词左右（如対外经贸大学）,大多数院校阅读H控制在2500词至3000词左.1.2 解凶技巧指南I,阅读理解常见考题分析阅读理解中,常见的考盟主要有:主旨题、细节翹、推断题和语义题等.毎种题型对考生的能力和知识考杳 的例朮点都冇所不同,下面就毎种题型及其解题思路进行分析讲解,（主旨题测试考生对整篇短文主要内容、中心大意的理解,文章的主題思想就是作者通过文章所要去达的观点、感情 和思想等.主题处想往往是通过文章中各部分内容及其内在联系体现出来的,通常由个或两个句广来达,这 类胭目的解题关键在于文章的第段和最后段.（2）细节题细咨题是阅读理解部分常见的题目类型,有青芍生对文版中某个R体信息的理解.这类题通常贴根据短文提 供的信息和实进行提问,选择的依据必须是短文本身提供的信息。做这类题的关键先找出毎道题所包含的关键 词和短语,然后再冋到原文中找到含冇关械词的原句（3）推理題推理题考査的是芍生根据已知信息进行判断推理、挖掘深层内涵的能力.由于这类题的答案往往在短文的字 面上不会出现,因此有一定的嘘度,做这类题的关键在r要抓住问题中的某一个或几个关键词或短语,根据上下 文推断出这些词所在的句子或句辞的深刻含义.这类题就必要写生从原文中的相关信息推出原文中没冇直接收込 出来的含义.解答这类题目时,通常应该注意以下几点:这类题型,在文字表面并没有明显反映作苕的全部意图,需要从字里行间去体会作苕的隐含意义靠自己 的逻辑推理能力去判断,从上下文的联剧及文中冇大部分的暗去理解:推理題的答案般不能在原文中接找到.但在原文中有间接的提示和线索:有时需要根据作齐叙述的语气,以及所提供的事实和细进行分析和推理.能找到正确答案:推理题中冇类判断作者态度的题目.做这类题时.不能只把注意力放在文章中所描述的事实匕 而应该 更加注意作石在描述某単实时所使用的语言,如作者所使用的修饰语.这类诃最能反映出作者写作时的心态 以及他深藏在语言文字后面的对県一事件的立场.为了更好地解答这类问题.考生应注意在平时枳眼喊&小人的态度观点的词.比如:褒义类:amused（愉快的）.upporting（支持的）.admiring（吩営的）.opdmislic（乐观的）,praising（班扬的）. humorous（幽默的），enthusiaMic（热情的）.pleasani（愉快的）.sober（冷静的）叩proving（满息的）.positive（肯定的）：中件类:subjective（主观的）.cxaggeralcd（夸大的）.、kcptical（怀疑的）.、ympathctic（同情的）,indifferent （冷漢的）. neutrak中立的）.impersonal（客观的）.objective客观的），subjective（主观的）.impassive（冷漠的）. ambivalent（矛盾的）.叩athetic（.无动于火的）.impartial（公平的）：贬义类:crilicak批判的）.doubifuK怀疑的）,mocking（嘲笑的）.cynicak冷嘲热讽的）.sarcaslic（讽剌的）.ironic（讽 刺的）.disgusted（厌恶的）,depressccKil! 改的）.disappointed（失的）,、cntimentaK 伤感的）.negative（滑 极的否定的）.suspicious（怀疑的）.lokrran"容忍的）.biased（有偏见的）等。（4）谄义题确定文章中特定词语的意义以及ithey, this. that, those等代词的指代关系.这类题测试考生在短文中理 解单词和词组意义的能力.解决这类制的关键在要先找到题干中能要解择的句子在文章中的具体位置.然后将 四个选项分别代入原文.结合上下文看哪个选项最符合文意.的谷语义分析类的题冃时.绝対不能根据词语或短语本身而望文生义,必须要根据该词或短港所在的具体上 文加以分析推测.2 .阅设方法<1）扫读扫读（scanning）是指以最快的速度扫视所读材料.在找到所需信息时仔细阅读该项内容.如荏找某个人名、 地、时间、地点等.也即在、?找特定信息、找具体事实、J找答题所前内容时都用鯉着这种方法.（2）略谟略读（skimming）是指选择性地阅读,通常的阅读要求行到毎一个词.毎次注目有1-2个词而略读对眼睛跳 动的赖率和幅度的要求较高.不褥要清海一个词.冇时其至从上一行跳到下一行.略读不可能全部了解文章內 容.但是能大大地提高阅读速度.也能获得大量的信息略读的主要作用是解文単的大意.经过略读之后.考 生对所读内容已经冇/大致的r解.再仔细阅读.这时的印象会更深刻.理解更透彻.略读的关键是增加眼跳的 幅度,高度集中注意力.努力捕捉那些能引起注意或若你认为席要的内容.）研读研读（studyreading）就是指仔细阅读.通过这种阅读可以对文章有透彻深刻的理解根据考题,运用上下文、 逻辑关系、背景知识进行判断和推论.对难句的理解和推理以及些不实性细节题需要用这种方法.3 .阅读考试斛册技乃（I）浏览试題明确目标在阅读文章之前.最好首先浏览一遍试题、选项.确定题目的类型（比如说是主旨恩还是细节题）然后,再 带着问题读原文.这样冇目的地去阅读文章.冇助于更快地找到所褥要的信息.（2）找出段落的中心思想任何阅读材料都看丈大意.非小说体的阅读材料通常有比较明显的大.位.其结构也比较清憊,文章的开头部 分（introduclion） 般会比絞明确地指出文帝的中心思想.文章七体部分的毎一段也冇主题句.通常在段首或段尾 文章的结尾还要対全文作一个总的概括.文章的各个段落都是为我达主旨服务的.所以只有对文章主旨在了 了解. 做起任何题就都不会偏离主翘.（3）如何解决生词问题提高阅读速度的个市要内容是扩大词汇量.词汇量决定你的阅读理解能力.词汇址越大.你阅读得越广. 视野就越开阔,你阅读理解的得分就可能越髙.但阅读过程中不可避免地要遇到生词。遇到生词最好的解决方法是通过上下文猜測以下几条建议可相助你 猾測诃义：利用文笔中诃与词的同义或柠反义关系防测词义：例如:In the northern regions the winters are generally cold and humid, and the summers hot and dry.显然.冬天和双天的气候是截然相反的它们的修饰词的意思也应该截然相反.“cold"hot”对应.“humid” 与“ dry”对应因此.“ humid”是“潮湿”意思.通过文堂中对词的定义猜测词义：例 如:Jack is now a florist, who keeps a shop for selling flowers in our district.“florisi"的意思就是K后定语从句“who kccpsashopforsclling flowers”所描述的“拥仃,家+门卖花的商 店的人”,即“花店主”.通过文堂中对词的解科和举例猜测词义:例如:Today young couples who arc just starting their households of ten spend lots of their money on appliances, for instance, washing machines, refrigerators and color TVs.通过所举的例 1'(washing machines .refrigerators and color TVs)可以行出, “appliances”应是这些词的总称. 即“家用电器”.通过构词法知识(前缀和后缀)猜测词义.例如：They overestimate the interviewee's ability and asked him many difficult questk)ns.“estimate”是“估计”的意思,“。ver前缀意为“过分,过度,超过”等因此“ overestimat就是“自估” 的意患.(4)利用篇章连接词篇章连接词是指在文章中用来说明上下句或前后句两个意思之间关系的词或词组.连接词一般用于以下几种 情况:连接词通常用于开篇,引出扩展旬:连接词也可用于句中.尤其是用于较长的红杂句尸中以作为上下文的连接纽带：连接词还可以用于文章结尾处或者段末,用于总结上文或结束本段内容.在阅读过程中.如果我们能够利用这些连接词.便能快速理清文章的思路.这就在一定程上提高英通的 阅读效率.常见的连接词通常可以用来表示以下几种关系：&示平行或递进关系and. also, as well(as).at the same time, besides, both.and .furthermore, in addhion(to).likewise. moreover, sunilarly. worse still 等.在阅读过程中,当看到其中的任何个连接词时.应该想到:下文将出现与前边差不多的、同类性旗的内容. 或把对前面内容的进步阐述.&示转折关系although, but. however, nevertheless, on the contrary, otherwise, to the opposite, while, yet 室这些词我明作者正在向读者发出种信号.下文所述的将是种全新的或是相反的内容、见解和观点.需要 引起读苕的格外注意.在阅读过程中.、碰到其中任何个表示转折关系的连接词时.应该放悔阅读速度,多W 心下文在意义上的变化. 於示H的或因果关系:as. as a result, because (of), consequent!)1, due to. for. now that, since, so, so.that. such.that. . therefore, thus等。在阅读过程中.这些连接词也是相助读者理解作行文思路的冇用信号. &小层次、顺中关系after (that). another, before, firsttly). second(ly). third(ly), at last, finally, later on. next. then, on the one hand., on the other hand 等抓住这些连接诃,读齐能快速地把握作者的行文思路.比如：first, second, third, finally等诃,衣明了一种顺 序,读者能通过它们迅速从大体上理湎文章的脓络.表示列举关系for example, for instance, for one thing, for another, such as 等)在阅读过程中.当碰到其中任何一个时应该明白,作者在下文将举出个类似情形的事例.而往往这些室 例都是为前面的陈述做进步解作或论证的.表示归纳、总结as a result, briefly, in a word, in brief, in short, on the whole, to sum up 等.作者通过这些连接词给读者种暗示.下面的内容将姑对前面所述内容的概括或总结.掌握了这些连接词的使用特点.将冇助于读苕对全文脉络冇个消晰的把握,对提高阅读速发和效率都冇很大 的相助.第2 阅读理解高分特训100第本部分精选的100篇阅读理解按照“解详硕I:英语“常考的题型,分为:常规多项选择题型川根据文単冋答 问题.2.I多项选择文学传记类Passage !题材:文学传记类字数:548Two hundred years ago the English poet William Wordsworth wrote *1 wander'd lonely as a cloud”, a poem that expresses a basic spirit of the early English Romanticism. It was Thursday. 15lh April 1802. William and Dorothy Wordsworth the poet's devoted, journal-writing sister, were walking home to Dove Collage in the Iike District. The wind was fierce, but the Wordsworth siblings were used to striding long distances in foul weather. They were in the woods close to the water side when they first chppcd eyes on a field of daffodils "fluttering and dancing in the breeze”.What makes this poem an example of Romantic thinking? It isn't just that Wordsworth chooses to write about a natural scene: it is the way he deserts the scene as if it had human emotions. For him. nature is not merely a neutral mixture of scenery, colours, plants, rocks, soil waler and air. It is a driving force that feels joy and sadness, shares human pain and even tries to educate us human beings by showing us the beauty of life.Wordsworth's home. Dove Cottage, is now one of the most popular dcstinatkns in the Lake District. Ynu can go m a lour of the garden which William planted with wild flowers and which survived in his back yard even after they disappeared from the area. "He always said that if he hadn't been a poet, he would have been a terrific landscape gardener.,' says Alhn King of the Wordsworth Trust, the organization that looks after the cottage and gardens.The Lake District in the north west of England becomes particularly crowded during the summer months with tourists and ramblers eager to enjoy the region's majestic valleys, hills and sparkling lakes. Wordsworth himself was far from keen on tourists, which was quite apparent. He wanted outsiders to admire the local sights he enjoyed so much, but was afraid the district might be "damaged'* by too many visitors. lie opposed the coming of the trains, and campaigned in the 1840s against a plan to link the towns in the area Kendal Windermere and Keswick by rail.The place near Ulkwatcr. where Wordsworth saw the ddffodik. is at the southemmost end of the lake. The lake is wide and calm at this turning point. There's a bay where the trees have had their soil eroded by hke water so that then- roots are shockingly exposed. You walk along from tree to tree, hardly darmg to breathe, because you are walking in the footprints of William and Dorothy from two centuries ago. The first clumps of daffodils appear, but they aren't fall yellow trumpets proudly swaying in the breeze. They're tiny wild daffodik. mosi of them still green and unopened, in clumps of six or seven. They're grouped around individual trees rather than collecting together.But as you look north, from beside a huge ancient oak. you realize this is what delighted the Wordsworths: chimp after clump of the things, spread out to left and right but coming together in your vision so that they form a beautiful pale-yeliow carpet. Uliat you're seeing at last is nature transformed by human sight and imagination. For a second, you share that revehtion of Dorothy and William Wordsworth*s» the glimpse of pantheism, the central mystery of English Romanticism.1. According to the article. Wordsworth's poem.I A started the Romantic movementIB was based on actual experienceCl was written while he was visilmg his sisterD was w ritten after he had been lonely2. What was Wordsworth's attitude to nature?I A| He believed nature had a character of its own.|B) He feh nature was human.|C He thought nature could talk to people.|D| He believed that we could influence nature.3. We are told that Dove Collage.|A| has gardens designed by a landscape gardener18 has very old plane in the garden|C| gets a lot of visitors|D| has a large back yard4. What docs the writer suggest by the words “hardly daring to breathe- in Ime 4. paragraph 5?(A| Ybu have to walk carefully here.8 You can't breathe because the atmosphere is suffocating.|CJ Ybu might feel excited to be in this place.|D| Ybu must concentrate to stay on the footpath.5. What does the writer think of Wordsworth as a poet?|A| He believes that Wordsworth was an important figure tn English culture.|B He is critical of Wordsworth.|C He believes Wordsworth was a sentimental person.D He disagrees with Wordsworth's opinion about nature.答案与解析】1. B根据第段大通,可知Wo心worth的诗是根据他和姐妹步行回家所看到的凤块笃成的.A项未提及,C和 D项惟误.2. A 根据第二段 he describes the scene as if it had human emotions 以及最后一句可推出 Wordsworth 对恃自然的态 度3. C 根据第一 二 段第一句 one of the most popular destinationn 可知 Dove Cottage 行很多游客.4. C 由第五段 because you are walking m the footprints of William and Dorothy from two centuries ago 可知可能是 因为太激动了而不敢呼吸.5. A 从至文来,作者对于Wordsworth断舟冇加,无负面评价.故选项A正确.【词汇词蛆】 wander vi,俳制:漫步:迷路:离題 vr.游荡,漫游 foul,“,犯规的：邪恶的:污秽的:淤塞的 vt.犯规:弄脏：淤窣:缠住,妨害 »i,犯规:腐烂:缩n.犯规:缠绕adv.违反规则地,不正当地 neutral adj.中立的.中性的:中立国的：除彩色的 n.中立国:中立音 terrific “力.极好的;极其的,士常的, clump n.丛:笨事的脚步声:上块vi.形成丛:以沉审.的步子行走，,使成一从：使凝结成块Passage:题材:文学传记类 字数:605I have been living in London for more than 60 yean, but still, when I'm driving and take some clever back-street short-cut. I catch myself thinking how extraordinary it is that I am doing this! For a moment the town mouse I have become is being seen by the country mouse I used to be. And although, given a new starL I would again become a town mouse, when I visit relations in the country. I envy them.Recently. I stixxl beside a freshwater lake in Norfolk, made by diverting a small river, near where my brother lives. As he was identifying some of the birds we could see. in came seven swans. They cirvled. then the haunting sound of their wing beats gave way to silence as they glided into a spbsh-down.It is not a "picturesque" part of the coast, but it has a definite character of line and fight and color. "You do live in a lovely place." I said to my brother, and he answered. "Yes, I do," There are probably few days when he does not pause to recognize its hvebness as he works with his boats-he teaches sailing-or goes about his many other occupations.The hke's creator is a local landowner, continuing the tradition whereby the nature of our countryside has been determined by those who own the land. Fcrmerly, landowners would almost certainly have made such changes for their own benefit, but this time it was done to help preserve the wildlife here, which is avaihblc for any visitor to sec, providing they do nothing to disturb the birds. It is evidence of change: country life is changing fast.One of the biggest changes I have witnessed is that second-homers, together with commuters, have come to be accepted as a vital part of the country scene. Aho the men and women who service their cars, dig their gardens, install their phones, repair their word processors, lay their carpets and do all the other things they need, are vital to modem coumry life.It is quite likely that the children of today's workers may be moving into the same kind of jobs as the second-h<wners and the retired. Both the children of a country woman I know are at university, and she herself, now that they have left home, is working towards a university degree. One of the delights of country life today, rt seems, is that there you can see how much social mobility is increasing.Much depends, of course, on the part of the countrywide you are living in and on personality-your own and that of your neighbors. In my brother,s Norfolk village, social life seems dizzying to a【Jondoner. In addition to dropping in on neighbors, people throw and attend parties far more often than we do. My brother s wife. Mary and her friends fly off on the most dashing bargain breaks in Krakow or Prague or fenice. and are always going into Norwich for a concert or to King's Lynn fbr an exhibition. The boring country life that people from cities talk about is a thing of the past or perhaps that was only ever an impression.This is very unlike living in a London street for 5() years and knowing only the names of four other residents. In these 5() years I have made only one real friend among them. I do enjoy my life, and Mary says that she sometimes envies it (the grass on the other side of the fence), but whenever I go to Norfolk. I end up feeling that the lives of country mice are more admirable than my own.1. It is sometimes a source of surprise to the writer 一.I A to find herself driving through back streets|B that she has been in the city for so long|C) to realize how much she has got used to living in LondonD that she lives in the city when he prefers the country2. The atmosphere created by the writer when she describes the swans is.|A| magicalB frightening|C) deafening|D| disturbing3. What docs “It" in line 5. paragraph 4 refer to?I A The freshwater lake in a Norfolk village.I B| The fact that the lake belongs to a landowner here.(C The fact that wildlife now needs to be preserved.(D The reason fbr the landowner *s action.4. What is suggested about outsiders who now live in the country?|A| Thal c