2022年大学英语考试模拟卷223测.docx

2022年大学英语考试模拟卷（本卷共分为1大题50小题,作答时间为180分钟,总分100分,60分及格。）单位:姓名:考号:题号单选题多项选择判断题综合题总分分值得分、单项选择题（共50题,每题2分。每题的备选项中,只有一个最符合题意）1.（BJ1TEXT AK/BLong before "crossovern and "eclectic" became part of the journal istic vernacular, Dinah Washington def ied categor ization and embraced any and every type of song. Her delivery was instantIy identifiabIe, and she prided herself on crystal-cl ear diction, precise pitch and spontane i ty. Washington made brilliant recordings, beginning with her days as a pianist accompanying gospeI pioneer Sallie Martin, through swing and R&B sessions with Count Basie and Lione I Hampton, on to modern jazz ventures with Cl if ford Brown, Max Roach and Cannonba 11 Adderley and later pop hits with Brook Benton.Author Nad i ne Cohodas, whose previous book on Chess Records marvelously out I ined that historic company, now gives the same exact i ng treatment to Washington in Queen: The Life and Music of Dinah Washington. Cohodas also seIected the songs on a companion CD, released on Verve Records.Queen is the first truly comprehensive voIume on the late singer. Cohodas conducted numerous interviews with insiders and family members and discovered documents and letters that reaffirm her assessments.Cohodas ably i I laminates the quirks and contradictions of Washington9 s personal ity. Washington could be extremely kind and appa11 ingly crude. She comp I a i ned about her inabiIity to find happ i ness in relationships, yet married seven times. A smart, extremely know I edgeab I e artist who had definite ideas about her music, Washington frequently clashed with bandmates, desp i te often be i ng accompani ed by the greatest jazz mus ic i ans on earth. Thankful ly, Cohodas also presents Washington9 s upbeat, joyous and celebratory side, thus not tota11y resigning her to tragic victim status.Sadly, Washington9 s ongo i ng conf Iicts and struggles with lovers, relatives and executives in many ways prevented her from achieving the fame she deserved, along with the fact that black femaIe singers had extremely I imited opt i ons during the 9 50s and early 9 60s. But Washington i nf I uenced numerous voca I i sts who fol lowed her, most notab Iy Esther Phillips and Nancy Wi Ison, while creating an exceptionaI body of work that9 s still captivating almost 41 years after her death at 39. Songs I ike "Unforgettable11, "This Bitter Earth, " "What a Difference a Day Makes" and "Baby You Got What It Takes" remain as documents of her exce11ence. Queen is a wonderful and invaluable addition to music biography and cultural history.The passage seems to indicate that Dinah Washington was NOT an artist.A. eclecticB. influentialC. exceptionalD. acquiescent2. B TEXT B(/B)Baruch Spinoza was a Dutch phi losopher and re I igious thinker who was born on November 24, 1632 in Amsterdam. His fami Iy was Spanish-Portuguese Jews who were refugees to Ho 11 and. Sp i noza was taught h i s ear ly educat i on from Jewish sources. He later went on to study other Jewish thinkers such as Maimonides, Gerson ides, and Crescas.Baruch became interested in the physicaI sciences and the works of Thomas Hobbes and Rene Descartes. As a result of his studies, he grew away from Judaism and withdrew from the synagogue. In 1656, the rabbis banished Spinoza from Amsterdam. For the next five years he I ived on the outs i de of the c i ty where he supported h i mse If by grinding opt ical I enses. During this time, Spinoza wrote his first philosophical work Treatise on God and Man and His Happiness. This work exp I a i ned and out I ined a good part of Spinoza' s ph iIosoph i caI be Iiefs.In 1661, Spinoza moved to Ri jnsburg and a few years later he moved to Voorburg. From there he moved to the Hague. Soon after moving to the Hague, he was offered a Chair in PhiIosophy at the University of Heidelberg. Spinoza deci ined the offer. He was afraid it might compromise his freedom of thought and speech. At this time, Baruch Sp i noza was we I I known and was we 11 respected for his work. King Louis XIV of France offered Spinoza a pension on the condition that he dedicate one of his works to the monarch. Aga in, Sp i noza rejected the offer.Spinoza' s work, Ethics Demonstrated in Geometric Order, was one of the best out Ii nes of his theoretical framework. In this work, Sp i noza divided his ethical thinking into five different part"On God", " On the Nature and Origin of the Mind, " "On the Nature and Origin of the Emotions, " "On Human Bondage, " and H0n Human Liberty". Sp i noza be I ieved that the universe is identicaI with God, who is the uncaused "substance" of al I things.Baruch Sp i noza used substance for God because he be I ieved God was not a material reality but a basis for al I things that are reality. Spinoza a I so stated that humans can on I y use two k i nds of attr i butes of substance, thoughts and extension. With thought and extension comes para I lei ism. Para I lei ism is a theory that Sp i noza deve I oped that exp I a i ned the order between the two of them. "The order and connection of ideas is the same as the order and connection of: things."Along with this theory, Sp i noza be Ii eved that there was no room in the substance universe for the ignorance of one' s actions. With these act ions Spi noza be Iieved the affect wiI I change the rest of the body' s power to act. It could increase or decrease the power even though God alone is the cause of those actions.Spinoza discussed the concept of "human bondage" as a natural tendency for fee I i ngs and passions to take control of I ife and to make individuals into slaves. He be Iieved that the only remedy for passion was act i ons. If a human can clearly understand their passions they can overcome their bondage much easier.The reasoning behind the work was to lay out a program for the perfection of the human nature. Baruch had many sources for his work, but his know I edge of the work of Rene Descartes had a considerable infIuence on his own. He used most of Descartes vocabulary, definitions, and mathematicaI ways of thinking.Baruch Spinoza died on Feb. 21, 1677 from tubercu I os i s. He is credited for the most thorough study of Pantheism. Many poets relate to his work as inspiration for their writings.The word "synagogue" in the second paragraph most probably means.A. JudaismB. rabbisC. synaxisD. synalgia3.IBTEXT AH/BLong before "crossover" and "eclectic" became part of the journal istic vernacular, Dinah Washington defied categorization and embraced any and every type of song. Her delivery was instantIy identifiable, and she prided herself on crystal-cl ear diction, precise pitch and spontane i ty. Washington made brilliant recordings, beginning with her days as a pianist accompanying gospeI pioneer Sallie Martin, through swing and R&B sessions with Count Basie and L i one I Hampton, on to modern jazz ventures with Cl iff ord Brown, Max Roach and Cannonba 11 Adderley and later pop hits with Brook Benton.Author Nad i ne Cohodas, whose previous book on Chess Records marvelously out I ined that historic company, now gives the same exact i ng treatment to Washington in Queen: The Life and Music of Dinah Washington. Cohodas also seIected the songs on a companion CD, released on Verve Records.Queen is the first truly comprehensive voIume on the late singer. Cohodas conducted numerous interviews with insiders and family members and discovered documents and letters that reaffirm her assessments. Cohodas ably i11 urninates the quirks and contradictions of Washington1 s personal ity. Washington could be extremely kind and appal I ingly crude. She comp I a i ned about her inabiIity to find happ i ness in relationships, yet married seven times. A smart, extremely know I edgeab I e artist who had definite ideas about her music, Washington frequently clashed with bandmates, desp i te often be i ng accompan i ed by the greatest jazz mus ici ans on earth. Thankful ly, Cohodas also presents Washington BUTEXT C(/B The conditions of art should be simple. A great deal more depends upon the heart than upon the head. Appreciation of art is not secured by any elaborate scheme of learning. Art requires a good healthy atmosphere. The mot i ves for art are still around about us as they were round about the ancients. And the subjects are also easi ly found by the earnest scuIptor and the: painter. Nothing is more picturesque and graceful than s upbeat, joyous and celebratory side, thus not totaI Iy resigning her to tragic victim status.Sadly, Washington9 s ongo i ng conf Ii cts and struggles with lovers, relatives and executives in many ways prevented her from achieving the fame she deserved, along with the fact that black femaIe singers had extremely Iimited opt i ons during the 9 50s and early 9 60s. But Wash i ngton i nf I uenced numerous vocal ists who f 11 owed her, most notab I y Esther Phillips and Nancy Wi Ison, while creating an exceptionaI body of work that9 s still captivating almost 41 years after her death at 39. Songs I ike MUnforgettable", "This Bitter Earth," "What a Difference a Day Makes" and "Baby You Got What It Takes11 remain as documents of her excellence. Queen is a wonderful and invaIuabIe addition to music biography and cultural history.According to the passage, which of the following statements is NOT true A. Both Clifford Brown and Max Roach are jazz players.B. Chess Records is a musical company.C. Dinah Washington had a straightforward personality.D. Dinah Washington was a versatile artist.a man at work. The artist who goes to the chi Idren' s playground, watches them at their sport and sees the boy stoop to tie his shoe, wi11 find the same themes that engaged the attent i on of the anc i ent Greeks, and such observation and the i I lustrations which follow wi 11 do much to correct that fIish impression that mentaI and physical beauty are always divorced.To you, more than perhaps to any other country, has Nature been generous in furnishing material for art workers to work in. You have marble quarries where the stone is more beautiful in color than any Greeks ever had for their beautifuI work, and yet day after day I am confronted with the great buiIding of some stupid man who has used the beautifuI material as if it were not precious almost beyond speech. Marble shouId not be used save by nob Ie workmen. There i s noth i ng wh i ch gave me a greater sense of barrenness in traveling through the country than the entire absence of wood carving on your houses. Wood carving is the simpIest of the decorative arts. In Switzerland the little barefooted boy beautif ies the porch of his father* s house w i th examp les of ski 11 in this direct i on. Why shouId not American boys do a great deal more and better than Swiss boysThere is nothing to my mind more coarse in conception and more vulgar in execution than modern jewellery. This is something that can easily be corrected. Something better should be made out of the beautifuI gold which is stored up in your mounta i n ho 11 ows and strewn along your river beds. When I was at Leadvi I Ie and reflected that al I the shining si Iver that I saw coming from the mines would be made into ugly dol lars, it made me sad. It should be made into something more permanent. The go I den gates at Florence are as beautifuI today as when MicheIangeIo saw them.We shou I d see more of the workman than we do. We shou I d not be content to have the saIesman stand between usthe saIesman who knows noth i ng of what he is selling save that he is charging a great deal too much for it. And watching the workman wi 11 teach that most important lesson-the nobiIity of al I rational workmanship.Art would create a new brotherhood among men by furnishing a universal Ianguage. Under its beneficent infIuences war might pass away. Thinking this, what place can I ascribe to art in our education If chi Idren grow up among al I fair and IoveIy things, they wi11 grow to love beauty and detest ugliness before they know the reason why. If you go into a house where everything is coarse, you find things chipped and broken and unsightIy. Nobody exercises any care. If everything is dainty and de I i cate, gent I eness and ref i nement of manner are unconsc i ous I y acqu i red. When I was in San Francisco I used to visit the Chinese Quarter frequently. There I used to watch a great hulking Chinese workman at his task of digging, and used to see him every day drink his tea from a I ittIe cup as del icate in texture as the petal of a flower, whereas in al I the grand hoteIs of the land, where thousands of dol lars have been Iavished on great gi It mi rrors and gaudy columns, I have been given my coffee or my choco I ate in cups an inch and a quarter thick. I think I have deserved something nicer.We can infer from the passage that sculptors can find subjects for their work out of al I the fol lowing EXCEPT.A. men loading or unloading a stately shipB. women drawing water from the wellC. idle saunterers walking in the streetD. cattle-drivers with their lasso lifted5. B TEXT E/BThe Department of Home I and Security has filled the nat i on9 s top cyber-security post after the previous chief abruptly resigned last week in a move that raised questions about the Bush administration9 s commitment to protecting U. S. computer networks from electronic threats. Andy Purdy, who served as deputy cyber-security director under former NationaI Cyber Security Division head and security industry entrepreneur Amit Yoran, wi 11 act as interim director, according to an emai I written by Robert P. Liscouski, the department1 s head of infrastructure protection.Purdy has been a member of the cyber-security division since it was set up i n 2003, and was the v i ce cha i rman and sen i or adv i ser on i nformat i on techno I ogy i ssues for the Pres i dent's Cr it ical Infrastructure Protect i on Board. Purdy dec Ii ned an interview request. Home I and Security spokeswoman Michel Ie Petrovich said that "Cyber- security wi 11 continue to be a priority of the Department of Home I and Security and we plan to move quickly to fill the position with someone who has demonstrated leadership in this important field."Purdy moves into his new role at a time when many cyber-security authorities say the Bush administration has come up short in its commitment to protecting the nation from computer viruses and other electronic attacks. Industry off i c i a Is and security experts said he is a good fit for the job, but that the position needs more authority in order to make a difference."We' ve worked with Andy for a number of years . He' s a very smart guy and very talented, " said Harris Miller, president of the Information Techno I ogy Assoc i at i on of Amer i ca, an Ar I i ngton, Va. -based I obby i ng f i rm. Nevertheless, Miller sai