2022年公共英语考试真题卷三18测.docx

2022年公共英语考试真题卷三（本卷共分为1大题50小题,作答时间为180分钟,总分100分,60分及格。）单位:姓名:考号:题号单选题多项选择判断题综合题总分分值得分、单项选择题（共50题,每题2分。每题的备选项中,只有一个最符合题意）1. If women are merci I ess Iy exploited year after year, they have only themselves to bIame. Because they tremble at the thought of being seen in pub Iic in clothes that are out of fashion, they are always taken advantage of by the designers and the big stores. Clothes which have been worn only a few t imes have to be put as ide because of the changes of fash ion. When you come to think of it, only a woman is capable of standing in front of a wardrobe packed fulI of clothes and announcing sadly that she has nothing to wear. Changing fashions are nothing more than the international creation of waste. Many women spend vast sums of money each year to replace cIothes that have hardly been worn. Women who cannot afford to throw away cIothing in this way, waste hours of thei r time alter ing the dresses they have. Skirts are Iengthened or shortened; neck-1ines are lowered or raised, and so on. No one can claim that the fashion industry contributes anything really important to society. Fashion designers are rarely concerned with vital things I ike warmth, comfort and durabiIity. They are only interested in outward appearance and they take advantage of the fact that women wi I I put up with any amount of discomfort, as long as they look right. There can hardly be a man who hasn' t at some time in his I ife smi led at the sight of a woman shaking in a thin dress on a winter day, or del icately picking her way through deep snow in high-heeIed shoes. When comparing men and women in the matter of fashion, the conclusions to be drawn are obvious. Do the constantly changing fashions of women' s clothes, one wonders, reflect basic qua I ities of i nconstancy and instabiIity Men are too clever to let themselves be cheated by fashion designers. Do their unchanging styles of dress reflect basic qua I ities of stabiIity and reliability That is for you to decide.Designers and big stores always make money.A. by mercilessly exploiting women workers in the clothing industryB. because they are capable of predicting new fashionsC. by constantly changing the fashions in women' s clothingD. because they attach greater importance to quality in women' s clothin2. Real poIicemen hardly recognize any resemblance between thei r Iives and what they see on TV. These are simi larities, of course, but the cops don' t think much of them. The first difference is that a pol iceman' s real I ife revolves round the law. Most of his training is in criminal law, and what is more, he has to apply it on his feet, in the dark and rain, running down an a I I ey after someone he wants to talk to. Little of his time is spent in chatt i ng to a scant i I y-c I ad or in dramatic confrontation with desperate criminals. He wi I I spend most of his working Iife typ i ng mill ions of words on thousands of forms about hundreds of sad, unimportant people who are gui Ity-or not-of stupid, petty crimes. Most television crime drama is about finding the criminals as soon as he' s arrested, the story is over. In real Iife, finding criminals is seldom much of a problem except in very serious cases Iike murders and terror i st attacks-whose fai lure to produce results reflects on the standing of the police. The police have an elaborate machinery which eventually shows up most wanted men. Having made an arrest, a detective really starts to work. He has to prove his case in court and to do that he often has to gather a lot of different evidence. Much of this has to be given by peopIe who don' t want to get invoIved in a court case. So, as we I I as being overworked, a detect i ve has to be out at al I hours of the day and n i ght i nterv i ewi ng h i s wi tnesses and persuad i ng them, usua I I y against thei r own best interests, to help him. A thi rd big difference between the drama detective and the real one is the unpleasant moral twiIight in which the real one I ives. Detectives are subject to two opposing pressures: first, as members of a poI ice force they always have to get results. Second, they have to observe the rules. They can hardly ever do both. Most of the time some of them have to break the rules in sma I I ways.It is essential for a poIiceman to be trained in criminal law.A. so that he can catch criminals in the streetsB. because many of the criminals he has to catch are dangerousC. so that he can justify his arrests in courtD. because he has to know nearly as much about as a professional lawyer3. The healing power of maggots is not new. Human beings have discovered it several times. The Maya are said to have used maggots for therapeutic purposes a thousand years ago. As ear Iy as the s i xteenth century, European doctors noticed that soldiers with maggot-infested wounds heaIed well. More recently, doctors have real ized that maggots can be cheaper and more effective than drugs in some respects, and these squirming larvae have, at times, enjoyed a quiet medicaI renaissance. The problem may have more to do with the weak stomachs of those using them than with good science. The modern heyday of maggot therapy began during World War I , when an American doctor named William Bayer was shocked to notice that two soldiers who had lain on a batt Ief i eId for a week while their abdominal would became infested with thousands of maggots, had recovered better than wounded men treated in the mi Iitary hospital. After the war, Bayer proved to the med i ca I estab I i shment that maggots could cure some of the toughest infections. In the 1930s hundreds of hospitals used maggot therapy. Maggot therapy requi res the r ight kind of larvae. Only the maggots of b I owf I ies (a fami I y that i nc I udes common b I uebott I es and green bottIes) wi11 do the job; they devour dead tissue, whether in an open wound or in a corpse. Some other maggots, on the other hand, such as those of the screwworm eat I ive tissue. They must be avoided. When bIowf Iy eggs hatch in a patient' s wound, the maggots eat the dead flesh where gangrene-causing bacter ia thr ive. They also excrete compounds that are IethaI to bacteria they don' t happen to swal low. Meanwhi Ie, they ignore Iive flesh, and in fact, give it a gent Ie growth-st i mu I at i ng massage simply by crawl ing over it. When they metamorphose into fl ies, they leave without a trace-although in the process, they might upset the hospital staff as they squ i rm around in a I ive patient. When sulfa drugs, the first antibiotics, emerged around the time of World War II, maggot therapy quickly faded into obscurity.Why did the author write the passageA. Because of the resistance to using the benefits of maggots.B. To demonstrate the important contribution of William Bayer.C. To outline the healing power of maggots.D. To explain treatment used before the first antibiotics.4. Test i ng has rep I aced teach ing in most pub I i c schoo I s. My own ch i Idren' s schooI week is framed by pretests, drills, tests, and retests. They know that the best way to read a textbook is to look at the questions at the end of the chapter and then skim the text for the answers. I be I ieve that my daughter Erica, who gets exce I I ent marks, has never read a chapter of any of her schooI textbooks al I the way through. And teachers are often heard to state proudly and openly that they teach to the mandated state test. Teaching to the test is a curious phenomenon. Instead of dec iding what skills students ought to I earn, helping students I earn them, and then using some sensible methods of assessment to discover whether students have mastered the skills, teachers are encouraged to reverse the process. Fi rst one looks at a commercially avaiI able test. Then one distills the skills needed not to master reading, say, or math, but to do we I I on the test. Final ly, the test skills are taught. The ability to read or wr ite or caIcuI ate might imply the ability to do reasonably we 11 on standard i zed tests. However, neither read i ng nor writing deve I ops simply through being taught to take tests. We must be careful to avoid mistaking preparation for a test of a ski I I with the acquisition of that skill. Too many discussions of basic skills make this fundamenta I confusion because peopIe are test obsessed rather than concerned with the nature and qua I ity of what is taught. Recent I y many schoo I s have faced what could be cal led the cr is is of comprehension or, in simple terms, the phenomenon of students with phonic and grammar skills still being unable to understand what they read. These students are competent at test taking and filling in workbooks and ditto masters. However, they have I ittIe or no experience reading or thinking, and talking about what they read. They know the detai Is but can' t see or understand the whole. They are taught to be so concerned with grade that they have no time or ease of mind to think about meaning, and reread things if necessary.The author gives an account of Erica' s performance in her study in order to.A. illustrate her cleverness in test-takingB. reveal the incompetence of teachersC. show there is something wrong with current practice in teaching D. demonstrate the best way to read textbooks5. There are two types of peopIe in the world. Although they have equal degrees of health and wealth and the other comforts of I ife, one becomes happy, the other becomes miserable. This ar ises from the different ways in which they consider things, persons, the events, and the resulting effects upon their minds. The peopIe who are to be happy fix their attention on the conveniences of things, the pleasant parts of conversation, the we I I-prepared dishes, the goodness of the wines, and the fine weather. They enjoy al I the cheerful things. Those who are to be unhappy think and speak only of the contrary things. Therefore, they are continual ly discontented. By their remarks, they sour the pleasures of society, offend many people, and make themselves disagreeable everywhere. If this turn of mind were founded in nature, such unhappy persons would be the more to be pitied. The tendency to criticize and be disgusted is perhaps taken up originally by imitation. It grows into a habit, unknown to its possessor. The habit may be strong, but it may be cured when those who have it are convineed of its bad effects on thei r interests and tastes. I hope this IittIe warming may be of service to them, and help them change this habit. Although in fact it is chiefly an act of the imagination, it has ser ious consequences in Iife, since it brings, on deep sorrow and bad luck. Those peopIe offend many others, nobody loves them, and no one treats them with more than the most common pol iteness and respect, and scarcely that. This frequently puts them in bad temper and draws them into arguments. If they aim at obtaining some advantage in rank or fortune, nobody wishes them success. Nor wi I I anyone speak a word to favor their hopes. If they bring on themselves pub Iic disapproval, not one wiI I defend or excuse them. These peopIe shouId change this bad habit. If they do not, it wi 11 be good for others to avoid any contact with them.In the second paragraph, the expression "sour the pleasures of society" means.A. make the pleasures of society disappearB. do not enjoy the pleasures of societyC. deny the existence of the pleasures of societyD. criticize the society because of its lack of pleasures6. There i s a new type of sma I I advert i sement becomi ng i ncreas ingly common i n newspaper classified col umns. It is somet i mes p I aced among " s i tuat i ons vacant1', although it does not offer anyone a job, and sometimes it appears among "situations vacant", although it is not pIaced by someone Iooking for a job either. What it does is to offer help in applying for a job. "Contact us before writing your appl icat ion," or "Make use of our long experience in preparing your curriculum vitae or job history," is how it is usually expressed. The growth and apparent success of such a special ized service is, of course, a reflection on the current high levels of unempIoyment. It is also an indication of the growing importance of the curriculum vitae (or job history), with the suggest i on that it may now qua I ify as art form in its own right. There was a time when job seekers simply wrote letters of applicat ion. "Just put down your name, address, age and whether you have passed any exams, H was about the average lever of advice offered to young peopIe applying for thei r jobs when I left schooI. The letter was really just for openers, it was explained, and everything else could and should be saved for the interview. And in those days of fuI I empIoyment the technique worked. The letter proved that you could write and were avaiI able for work. Your eager face and inte11 igent repl ies did the rest. Later, as you moved up the ladder, something sIightIy more sophisticated was cal led for. The advice then was to put something in the letter which would distinguish you from the rest. It might be the aggressive approach. "'Your search is over. I am the person you are Iooking for, “ was a widely used trick that occasional ly succeeded. Or it might be some special feature specially designed for the job in view. There is no doubt, however, that it is the increasing number of applicants with university education at al I points in the process of engaging staff that has led to the greater importance of the curriculum vitae.The new type of advertisement which is appearing in newspaper co I umns.A. informs job hunters of the opportunities availableB. promises useful advice to those looking for employmentC. divides available jobs into various typesD. informs employers that people are available for work7. Crime is a subject on which people have strong opinions. Some be I ieve society creates criminals; others think the prison system is at fault. Others still say it is individuals who are to blame. The truth is that we don' t real ly know what makes people turn to crime, but it seems I ikeIy that it i s a combination of the above factors, rather than a single cause. There i s, however, one thing we can be sure of: when cr ime falls - something which admittedly doesn' t happen very often-every pol itician around wiI I claim credit for it. President CIinton was the first to do so. During the American Presidential campa i gn in 1996, he c I a i med his government was responsible for fal I ing cr ime rates in the U. S. which had been dropping for five years in a row. "We are making a difference, “ he declared "our neighborhoods are safer, and we are br inging back the American People' s confidence that crime can be reduced. M At first sight, one might be tempted to be Iieve him, particularly if one looks at the situation in New York. Here,