考研高频核心词汇.docx

考研阅读核心词汇词汇的形式上的微观区别第一级1. adherence 和 adhesion这两个词都是“粘附的”意思。adherence 用于比喻的意思。例如：His adherence to the strict letter of the law.adhesion是指物质上的。2. adjacent, adjoining, 和 contiguous这些词都有next to “紧挨”的意思。adjacent "毗邻的，邻近的”，但它们可能并不相互直接接触。adjoining和contiguous指相互接触，通常之间有一个edge或boundaryo3. admission 和 admittance它们都有"the act of enteringv的意思。但admission用于公共场合。The price of admission to the gallery is£5.admittance不指公共场合，一般指私人的住所。4. adopted 和 adoptiveadopted ”收养的，过继的”an adopted son （daughter）养子（女）；my adopted countryy我所入籍的国家；adopted words外来语。adoptive “收养的"，我口说 adoptive parents,但很少说 adoptive child;“采用的"，"假冒的"an adoptive courage假充勇敢。5. averse 和 adverseadverse "不利的，反对的“，用于事，不用于人。adverse weather conditions;an adverse reaction.averse “嫌恶的，反对的，不乐意的”，常和“to” 一起使用，而且用否定形式。6. advise 和 adviceadvise “劝告”（动词）；advice “劝告”（名词）。7. affect 和 effectaffect "影响"，它的第二个意思是“假装"，Though she affectes indifference, I knew she was really very upset.effect n.“结果”，“效力”。“产生”，“导致”，它比“tocause, to bring out” 更为正式。His aim was to effect a radical change in the party structure.8. all ready alreadyall ready 意思是 acompletely prepared,already "已经"、He had already had his lunch.9. altogether 和 all togetheraltogether （in total）“总共”al 1 together 意思是“in a group"。如：We put the sheep all together in one field.这两个词还可以分开。We put all the sheep together in one field.10. allude 和 eludeallude “暗指”，“暗示”，“(婉转)提到”。elude (to avoid or escape)“闪避，躲避"。如：to elude sib' s grasp 逃脱，没有被逮住；to elude the law规避法律。The meaning eludes me.那个意义我摸不透。11.illusion 和 delusionillusion "幻觉,错觉" be under no illusion about sth.对某事不存幻想。delusion "欺骗,迷惑” He suffers from the delusion that he's attractive to women.他糊里糊涂地认为自己对女人很有吸引力。12 . amended 和 emendamended (to alter or add to something)“订正，改正“，“修正(议案等)”。an amended bill 修正案；amend one，s ways 改过自新。emend (to correct errors in)“校订"。emend the text of a book 校勘某书；He emended the typescript before sending it to the printers. 在交付印刷之前他校正文稿。13 . amicable 和 amiable这两个词都是指“友好的”意思。amicable “友好的,亲切的”指行为或情景。The discussions were amicable, though business 1 ike.讨论虽然是商业形式，但是友好的。amiable ”可爱的,和蔼可亲的"Many people are afraid of him, though I found him to be perfectly amiable,虽然我发现他特别和蔼可亲，但还是有很多人害怕他。14 . assent 和 ascentassent 可用作 agreementw “同意"或"agree" “同意”。ascent n."上升,晋升“。the ascent of mountain 登山。15 .avert 和 avoidavert "防止，避免”。avoid "回避，逃避" o avoid bad company 避免和坏人来往；I cannot avoid seeing him.我不能不见他。16 .besides 和 besidebesides意思是“in addition to” “加之，还有，另外“：而beside ”在旁边"，“在侧”。Duncan is the tall man standingbeside my father.站在我爸爸旁边的高个子男子是邓肯。17 .coherence 和 cohesioncoherence ”统一,一致性”；cohesion ”结合力,团结”。the cohesion of molecules分子的结合力。18 . compare with 和 compare tocompare with "和比起来“compare to "好比"。He compared the moon to a silver plate. (也把月亮比成一个大银盘。19 . impel 和 compelimpel ”推动，驱使，激励"。impel sb. to do sth.激励某人做某事；compel "强迫，胁迫，迫使"。compel sb. to one's will强迫人服从自己。20 . complement 和 complimentcomplement ”补足(物)，补全"，"补足语”。compliment ”恭维话，赞辞，敬意“；Your presence is a great compliment.承蒙光临，不胜荣幸。21 . confident 和 confidantconfident “深信，确信，自信”。confidant “心腹朋友”。She has no close confidant to whom she can turn for advice or help.她没有知心朋友来帮助或是劝告她。22 .continual 和 continuouscontinual "连续，继续”；"频繁的"；continual bouts of toothache 一阵接一阵的牙痛。(这中间可能有停顿或间断。)continuous "连续"(指从不间断的)；We have had three weeks of continuous rain.我们这里连续三周下雨不停。23 .might 和 couldmight 表明“possibility”。could 应该用来表明 “permission” . Mum said we could (might) go to the football match.24 .council 和 counselcouncil "议事机构”，委员会;a cabinet council内阁会议。counsel ”商议，劝告"；follow sb's counsel close 牢记某人忠告。25 .creditable 和 crediblecreditable ”声誉好的,可称许(赞扬)的"；credible“可信的,可靠的"He's the only one without a credible alibi (辩解, 托辞)，他是惟一一个没有可信托辞的人。26 .decisive 和 decideddecisive ”果断的,断然的"；decisive measures断然的措施。decided ”明确的，无疑的"；a decided success明显的成功。27. defective 和 deficientdefective (having a fault or flaw)“有缺陷的”。deficient (lacking in what is needed)“不足的"；be deficient in 欠缺。28. def ini te 和 definitivedefinite (certain or clear, not vague)“明确的，一定的“。definitive (authoritative, that cannot be improved)”限定的，决定性的,最后的"；definitive host 宿主;definitive organs 定形器官;definitive sentence 最后判决。29. dependant 和 dependentdependant n. (one who depends on another for support)受赡养者。dependent adj.“依靠的，依赖的"；He's still dependent on state benefit. The rate of relief is dependent on oney s income.30. discreet 和 discretediscreet "考虑周到的，慎重的”。discrete ”分离的，分裂的"；Oncloser examination, we find that the pattern is formed from thousands of discrete dots of colors.31. distinctive 和 distinctdistinctive “有特色的”，“独特的”；distinct "清楚的,明显的"；a distinct smell of alcohol on his breath; the distinctive stripes of the zebra.32. dual 和 dueldual “二重的"；dual personality 双重人格；dual control 双重管辖；duel "决斗，竞争"；fight a duel with sb.与某人决斗；challenge sb. to a duel向某人提出决斗；a duel of wits斗智33. eatable 和 edibleeatable a. ”可食用的，可吃的”；n. “食物、食品”。edible a."适合食用的，可以吃的”；n. “食品”。在指吃的时候二者可通用：The toast was burnt and barely eatable/edible. 但在其他情况下不一样。If something is eatable, it may be eaten (though it may not be safe or desirable to do so) ; but, if something is edible it is safe to eat.34. economical 和 economiceconomic ”经济学的，经济上的“ an economic survey of Scotland苏格兰经济调查；an economic blockade经济封锁；economical "节俭的， 经济的“ ；He's had to learn to be more economical now that his only income is a small pension.35. evoke 和 invokeevoke "唤起，引起“；evoke admiration 引起羡慕。invoke ”祈求(神灵)保佑，乞灵于”，行使(法权)；The shaman invokes the spirits of their ancestors. If our case fails in the national courts we will invoke the European Declaration on Human Rights.36. fatal 和 fatefulfatalcausing death or disaster“致命的“ ；a fatal disease 不治之症；a fatal wound致命伤。fatefulcrucial, significant, deciding one, s fate” “重大的”， “决定性的，决定命运的”；On that one fateful day in October, millions of pounds were wiped off the value of shares.37. fictional 和 fictitiousfictional “虚构的，小说的”。fictitious "虚构的，编造的” (denotes something that is not real and has been created with the intention of deceiving others)； He gave the police a fictitious name.38. historical 和 historichistorical ”有关历史的“，"历史的"，the historical period 历史阶段；historical personage 历史人物。historic “历史上有名的，有历史意义的"，historic town历史名城。39. impassable impassible impassable "不能通行的"，“不可逾越的“；an impassable swam不能通行的沼泽地。impassible “不感疼痛的；无动于衷的"；an impassible God无动于衷的神。1. .infer 和 implyinfer "猜想，臆测“，"推断"；infer a motive from an effect 从效果推知动机。imply ”含有的意思”；Do you realize what his words imply?你领会他说话的含意吗？ I do not imply that you are wrong.我的意思不是说你错了。41. impractical 和 impracticable (not sensible or efficient or not actually possible)”不切实际的，不现实的”。impracticable (not able to be done or used)”不能实行的，行不通的”； With a river on one side and a steep drop on the other, it is impracticable to widen the road.42. incredible 和 incredulousincredible "不可相信的,难以置信的"；incredible energy惊人的能量, 精力。incredulous "不相信的,表示怀疑的“；be incredulous of hearsay 不相信道听途说；an incredulous look怀疑的目光。43. ingenious 和 ingenuousingenious ”机灵的" ；an ingenious mind 机灵的头脑；an ingenious machine精巧的机器。ingenuous ”直率的，坦白的”。44. intense 和 intensiveintense “激烈的，强烈的”，“紧张的" an intense light强烈的灯光； intense heat酷热；an intense life奋发图强的生活。intensive ”加强的，集中的“；“深入细致的，彻底的"；an intensive bombardment 密集炮击；an intensive study 彻底的研究；an intensive reading 精读(extensive reading 泛读)。45. junction 和 juncturejunction “接合，连接”，"(河流的)汇合处”；make a junction取得联络，连接起来junction box接线盒。juncture (a particular point in time or in a sequence of events)”接合，连接“， "时机，关头” ；an important juncture in a man，s career A 生历程中的重要关头；at this juncture在这个时候；in the present critical juncture of things在目前这一危急关头下。46. apt 和 prone它们都具有atending to or in the habit of”的意思,但是prone只用于人。Elderly people are prone to falls, often because of arthritic joints or dizziness.47. loose 和 loseloose "松的,宽的”。lose "丢失"；lose one's balance 失去平衡,跌倒；lose one's head 被搞糊涂。1.1 luxuriant 和 luxuriousluxuriant (growing strongly or vigorously; abundant, prolific)”繁茂的；多产的；丰富的“ ；His luxuriant beard was red.luxurious "豪华的,奢侈的”；a luxurious table奢侈的饭菜。49. magical 和 magic它们都和magic有关系,但是magical也有“wonderful, entrancing,的意思。50. masterly masterful(showing great ski 11 or the ski 11 of a master) “熟练的；名家的”。masterful (showing power or authority)"主人派头的，专横的“；You re so strong and masterful.51. obsolete 和 obsolescentobsolete (no longer in use or already out of date)”已废弃的，已不用的“；an obsolete vessel 废舰；an obsolete word 已废的词。obsolescent (going out of use or becoming out of date)“逐渐被废弃的，快要不用的”；Do you think that faxes are obsolescent?52. officious 和 officialofficious “爱管闲事的”,"非正式的"；an officious statement 非正式声明。official ”官方的"，“公务上的"；an official gazette官方通报； an official letter 公函，公文；an official record 正式记录53. peaceable 0 peaceful,peaceable (peace loving, mild, placid, not inclined to quarrel or fight or existing in peace)“平和的”；“温和的”； “温顺的"。peaceful "和平的，太平的”；“宁静的”；“爱好和平的”；a peaceful night，s sleep ; peaceful coexistence 和平共处；peaceful uses of atomic energy原子能的和平应用。第二级快速记忆historic-historicalhistoric: famous in history,历史上著名的historical: belong to history 历史上的elec trie 与electricalelectrical: worked by, changed with, 用电的，带电的，有电的 current/cableelectrical:engineering/apparatuseconomic 与economical economic: of economics policy/geography/crisis/crops economical: careful in the spending of money 经济的，节俭的 an housewife/store industrial-industriousindustrial: of industries 工业的the revolution/products/systemindustrious: hard-working 努力的 peopleconsiderable与considerateconsiderable: great much 相当多（大）的a i ncome/di stanceconsiderate: thoughtful 体谅的， She is to others. sensible与 sensitivesensible: reasonable,实用的， 明知的 awoman/idea/豁达的妇女/明知的观点clothes实用的衣服sensitive: quick to receive 敏感的 a skinpaper 感光纸continual-continuouscontinual: going on all the time without stoppingrepeatedly,连续的，断断续续的rain/noisecontinuous: going on without a break,连续不断的fight/work intense 与 intensiveintense: high in degree强烈的，剧烈的，高度的heat炽热/painanlady热情的女子intensive: deep and thorough 精深的，集中的reading/study彻底研究/agriculture密集农业respectable> respective与respectfulrespectable: deserving respect,值得尊敬的，有名望的 a man/professionrespectful: showing respect 尊敬人的,有礼貌的，He is always to the elders.respective: belongs to each of these 分别的，各自的 They sat on their chairs. imaginable> imaginary-imaginative imaginable: : that can be imagined 可想象的 difficultiesimaginary: existing only in the mind, unreal 想象中的,不真实的figureimaginative: of, having, using imagination 有想象力的，运用想象力的 a writer intelligent intelligible-intellectualintelligent: having, showing intelligence, clever 有才智的,聪明的 an looking girl answerintelligible: clear to mind, that can be easily understood. 易了角举的， 易领悟的an speech/explanationintellectual: possessing a great deal of knowledge 知识的，智力的contemptible与contemptuouscontemptible: deserving contempt 可卑的a liecontemptuous: showing contempt 表示轻视的a lookcredible、 credulous与creditablecredible: that can be believed 可信的，可靠的a witnesscredulous: too ready to believe things.轻易相信的， 易上当的He always cheats people.creditable: that brings credit.可称赞的a record/deed/efforta Iternate-al ternativealternate: changing by turns 轮流的，交替的alternative: giving a choice between two things 选择的， 两者选的comparable-comparat i vecomparable可比较的，有类似之处的There is no scenery comparable to that of the West lake.comparative比较而言的，相当的He lived in comparative comfort recently.politic-pol iticalpolitic精明的 political政治的beneficial-beneficentbeneficial有益的 beneficent多多行善的official 与 officiousofficial官方的 officious多管闲事的pot ent 与 potentialpotent强有力的potential潜在的，可能的conf i dent-conf i dent i alconfident有信心的，自信的 confidential机密的negligent 与 negl igiblenegligent忽视的，粗心大意的 negligible可忽视的moment ary-momentousmomentary瞬时的，短时的 momentous重大的memorable 与 memorialmemorable值得记忆的，不能忘却的memorial纪念的social 与 sociablesocial社会的sociable善社交的chi Idish-childlikechildish幼稚的childlike孩子般的distinct 与distinctivedistinctive: characteristic 独特distinct: clear明显的，清晰的的，有区别的classic与 classicalclassic '流的classical 古典的comprehensible与comprehensivecomprehensible可理解的 comprehensive全面的，综合的dis interested与uninteresteduninterested 冷淡的earthy泥土似的disinterested 公平的earthly与ear thy earthly人间的，尘世的 except ionable-exceptionableexceptionable 反对的 exceptionable 非凡的fatal 与 fatefulfatal致命的fleshly 与fleshyfleshly肉体的homely 与 home like homely家常的fateful决定性的fleshy肥胖的homelike像家的无法使用的 im (un) practi cal 与 i mpract i cableim(un)practical 不切合实际的impracticableingenious与ingenuous ingenious有独创性的 manly、masculine与male manly男人气派的 malemovable 与 mobi lemovable可移动的，变动的mysterious 与 mystical mysterious 神秘的notable 与 noted notable著名的(指事)practical-Mpract icableingenuous 直率的,男的 masculine天真的男性的mobi le可动的，活动地mystical奥妙的noted著名的（指人）practical实际的practicable可行的，通行的regretful-regrettable regretful遗憾的(指人) seasonable 与 seasonal seasonable 及时的 spiritual-spirituous spiritual精神的 tortuous 与 torturous tortuous弯曲的 transitory 与 transientregrettable遗憾的（指事）seasonal季节的spirituoustorturous泗精的受刑的transitory短时间的 （指事）transient瞬时的 （指人）element ary 与el ementalelementary 基本的 heal thy 与 healthful healthy健康的 likely 与 likable likely可能的desirable与desirouselemental自然的healthful有易于健康的likable可爱的desirable合意的 clean 与cleanly clean干净的 kind 与 kindly kind慈善地desirous渴望的cleanly有干净习惯的kindly友好的，亲切的temporal 与 temporarytemporal 一时的，暂时的，世俗的 temporary暂时的，临时的第三级高速记忆conscientious凭良心的；谨慎的；尽责的conscious 有意识的；神志清醒的council 政务会；理事会；委员会；顾问班子counsel 劝告；忠告；建议critic批评家，评论家；鉴定家critical苛求的；批判性的dying快结束的；快熄灭的；快消灭的dyeing染色；染色法；染业emigrant移居的；移民的，侨居的immigrant (从外国)移来的，移民的，侨民的empire帝权；绝对统治(over)empirical以经验为根据的，经验主义的evident "容易知道或发现，无须解释或证明的”evidence明显，显著，明白，迹象，根据fabric织物，纺织品；结构fabricate捏造，伪造facilitate使容易；使便利facility灵巧，熟练fatal致命的；毁灭性的fateful命运注定的，重大的；决定性的 feel感觉，觉得，感知fell砍伐（树等）；击，打倒；（疾病）致于死地 fraction小部分，零头，片断，碎片，一些，一点儿，几分之一fracture破裂，断裂fiction虚构的文学作品；小说，编造；虚构；想象friction摩擦，摩擦力，矛盾，冲突，不和front前面，前部frontier 一国的边疆；边界，边境graceful优美的；雅致的，得体的；适度的，合度的gracious亲切的；和蔼的；慈祥的harness开发，治理；控制hardness坚固，硬度冷酷无情host作东，作为主人招待hostage人质，抵押（品）；质物identical同一的；同样的identity完全相同；绝对相同implication卷入，牵连implicit暗含的；含蓄的inherent固特、常、原有的，本来的，先天的，内在的inherit vt.继承，遗传而得initial开始的；最初的initiative起始的；初步的；自发的installation就职；装设；安置installment不稳固；不稳定intelligent理解力强的，有才智的，聪明的intellectual有智力的；聪明的invest （常与in连用）投入（精力、时间等）investigate调查；研究knit编织，编结knot打结；包扎less较少的；较小的lesser更少的（地）；更小的（地）lessen使小；变小；减少 lesson教训，训诫，惩戒 level水平的；平坦的lever杠杆liberal博学的；通才的，慷慨的；大方的liberate （常与from连用）解放；释放lighting照明设备；照明系统