历考研英语真题及答案详解.docx
2014年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题答案详解1 .标准答案A考点分析上下文语义和连词辨析选项分析本题考查连词。根据上下文意思,首先可以排除这句话中where引导一个状语语从句,主要是说记不清把钥匙放在哪里了。2 .标准答案B考点分析上下文语义和动词辨析选项分析As the brain 2 we refer to these occurrences as "senior moments 这句话的意思是“由于大脑2我们称这些现象为“瞬间性老年痴呆”,由此可以排除A和C。DJcollapse意为:使倒塌,使崩溃,不符合题意。fades考察熟词僻意,通常意思为褪色,逝去。还有衰老的意思,这里就考察是衰老的意思。从前文可以看出,文章讲的是随着年龄增长,大脑衰老。所以选B3 .标准答案D【考点分析逻辑衔接题选项分析A if表示假设“如果"。B Unless "除非,如果不"。COnce “一旦"。DWhile,“虽然,然而''表转折。这句话的意思是虽然表面上看起来没什么,但是危害很大,前后位转折关系,所以选D。4 .标准答案C考点分析上下文语义和词汇辨析选项分析这四个选项均为形容词,A表示“不均匀",B表示“有限的",C友示"有破坏性的,损坏的“,D表示“模糊的,晦涩的这句话意思是这种精神能量的缺失会给我们带来的影响。根据上下文的意思,可以排除A和D。而"有限的影响”显然不足以表达危害的严重性,故可以排除B选项。C“带来有害的影响”最符合作者意图。5 .标准答案A考点分析上下文语义和名词辨析选项分析本句话含义是这种精神能量的缺失会给我们的职业、社交还有个人带来有害的影响。A wellbeing "幸福"。Benvironment "环境"。C relationship "关系"。D outlook "展望and 连接若干名词,这些名词应该为同类,职业、社交都是和个人相关,排除B和D,C personal relationship就是 social的意思,不能重复,选择A,个人幸福。6 .标准答案A考点分析固定搭配选项分析A it turns out that ”原来,其实“ o Bit finds out that“本文发现C it points out that“指出D it figures out that“本文发现”。It代表神经科学,这句话的意思是越来越多的精神学家们都表示,大脑其实跟肌肉一样需要练习运动。这里给出的是神经科学的结论,因此选择it turns out that7 .标准答案C考点分析上下文语义和名词辨析选项分析这四个选项均为名词。A roundabouts迂回路线。Bresponses回应。Cworkouts锻炼,练习。Dissociations协会。©workouts锻炼,练习与前文出现的exercise都有“锻炼,练牙的意思,近义词复现,所以选C8 .标准答案B考点分析上下文语义和名词辨析选项分析这四个选项均为名词。Agenre类型,种类。Bfunctions功能。©circumstances情况,环境。Dcriterion批评判断的标准、准则。这句话的意思是正确的智力运动能极大地提高我们最基本的认知功能,根据语义,选择Bfunctions功能。9 .标准答案D考点分析上下文语义和名词辨析选项分析这四个选项均为名词。A channel通道,频道。BJcondition条件。Csequence顺序,序列。Dprocess过程,步骤。根据常识,思考是一个过程,并且通过脑神经相互接触来完成,其他选项表示渠道、序列、条件,均不符合常识。因此正确答案是表示过程的D选项。这句话的意思是思考是大脑神经连接必要的过程。10标准答案D考点分析上下文语义和动词辨析选项分析这四个选项均为动词。A persist坚持。B believe相信。C excel超过。D feature特色。本句句意,在某种程度来讲,我们在进行神经连接(直接影响人的聪明程度)方面的特殊能力是与生俱来的。 excel有超过擅长的意思,表示在某个方面出众,放在此处符合题意,因此正确答案为B。11标准答案D考点分析逻辑衔接题选项分析本题需要的是一个副词,而且位于句首,因此考察的是句关系。通过前后句意义来定答案,前一句强调的是智力是与生俱来的(inherited),而后一句则认为是可以通过脑力活动(mental effort)会有所波动,两句意义明显相反,故正确答案为D However。12标准答案A考点分析上下文语义和短语辨析选项分析本题并不难,可以理解为:智力可以脑力活动得到提升或出现波动。LBJregardlessof “不管,不顾”不合逻辑。Capart from"除之外”也不合适。Dinstead of "代皆,明显不符。故A为正确答案。13 .标准答案B【考点分析上下文语义和固定搭配选项分析本题考察的是固定搭配:take a step 能搭配只有A和C,分别指“采取进一步措施”和“让到一边去“,无论从逻辑上还是从句意上都是A符合。14 .标准答案A考点分析上下文语义和词汇辨析选项分析本题考察的是动宾搭配:improve and regain sb,s mental 再根据前文宜在讲如何提高“智力”,因此可以排除A(模式)和B(稳定性),C(灵活性)和D(锋利性,尖锐性)容易混淆,C有一定的干扰性,但双比之下,D更契合前文,故选D。15 .标准答案D考点分析上下文语义和词汇辨析选项分析空格所在句的意思是说这个网络课程可以系统地改善你的记忆力和注意力。而且此处需要填入的动词需要与to进行搭配。根据搭配关系直接排除A.B。本文的主题介绍的是使人聪明的脑力锻炼法,感情色彩是中性的,此处的D选项force排除,所以最恰当的是D。16 .标准答案B【考点分析上下文语义和固定搭配选项分析空格所在句的意思是说这个培训课程还可以学习进度,并且给予详尽的信息反馈。根据语境,空格缺少的词汇意义为跟踪学习进度,分析四个选项,直接排除A hold, Corder;辨析B.D两个选项,与D选项的pace搭配的介词应该为with, BP, keep pace with,所以排除,B选项为正确答案,keep track of意思为跟踪。17 .标准答案C【考点分析上下文语义和介词选项分析本题考查介词,根据空格前后语境,空格所缺少的介词意义为关于你的表现作出详细的反馈,四个选项中只有D有关于的意思。18 .标准答案C考点分析上下文语义和词汇辨析选项分析空格所在句的意思是说更加重要的是,它会调整并升级有关训练游戏。通过前后句的语境,所用词汇均为褒义词,所以,从感情色彩方面可以排除A, B习惯性的主语应该为人,直接排除。 B经常的,D异乎寻常的代入,发现C比较符合题意。19标准答案C考点分析上下文语义和词汇辨析【选项分析空格所在句的意思是说它会经常调整并升级有关训练游戏,以促进脑力的不断。本题所缺少的动词需要与介词on搭配,A put on穿上,增加;B carry on执行;C build on在基础上增加,构建;D take on呈现;代入空格发现只有C适合,A.B,D都不与空格后面的development相搭配。20 .标准答案C考点分析上下文语义和词汇辨析选项分析本题涉及的是一个含不定式作后定的句子,所缺词汇为形容词修饰exercise routine,根据前后情感一致的逻辑,通过后面的不定式中的关键词increase寺和vary your muscle use等信息反推所需词汇为正向词汇,直接排除A和B, D是中性,只有C(有效的)符合逻辑,故为正确答案。答案:21-25 BCAAB 26-30 D C B A C 31-35 AB D AA 36-40Text 1真题解析:文章概括:政府大臣Grorge Osborne提出了一个项目帮助失业的人找工作。21 .George Osborne's scheme was intended toAprovide the unemployed with easier access to benefits.|Bencourage jobseekers, active engagement in job seeking.Cmotivate the unemployed to report voluntarily.Dguarantee jobseekers9 legitimate right to benefits.答案:B细节题。本道题的关键是intended t。问的是目的,所以我们也应该去寻找体现目的性的词汇,所以在首段首句看到了 in order to,则后面的内容即为本题答案,结合后面找工作的内容则选择B选项。22 .The phrase “to sign on”(Line 3,Para.2) most probably meansAJto check on the availability of jobs at the jobcentre.Bto accept the government's restrictions on the allowance.CJto register for an allowance from the government.Dto attend a governmental job-training program.答案:C词义句意题。先根据题干定位到第二段第三行,to sign on前面有一个很明显的not,则我们可以推知,这一定是前面的反义,我们只要读懂前面半部分就可以了,前面说应该spend looking for work,正好和A选项相符,所以我们只要选择一个相反的选项即可,则选择C选项。23 .What promoted the chancellor to develop his scheme?AJA desire to secure a better life for all.BAn eagerness to protect the unemployed.CAn urge to be generous to the claimants.DA passion to ensure fairness for taxpayers.答案:A细节题。本道题的关键是题目中的prompted和chancellor,根据chancellor能定位到二段第五行,再向下寻找则可发现motivate和prompt是对应的,所以看本句即可发现和A选项是对应的。24 .According to Paragraph 3, being unemployed makes one one feelA uneasy.IBJenraged.Cinsulted.DJguilty.答案:A细节题。本道题根据unemployed回到文中定位在第三段的最后一句,没有感觉相关内容,所以需要向前找答案,再根据本段第一句话中的losing a job即可判定答案在第二句,因此选择A选项。另我们会发现BCD三个选项趋于强烈和负面,所以,我们选择A选项。25 .To which of the following would the author most probably agree?AThe British welfare system indulges jobseekers, laziness.BOsbome's reforms will reduce the risk of unemployment.CThe jobseekers' allowance has met their actual needs.DJUnemployment benefits should not be made conditional.答案:B细节题。本题题根据选项定位。A选项根据大写字母The British welfare system定位到最后一段的第三句,原文是“no longer”,选项与原文反向干扰。B选项根据Osborne's reforms定位到第一段第二句,可以得出该项目可减少失业危险,所以B为正确答案。C选项根据题干“the jobseekers' allowance”定位到最后一段倒数第二句,该句提到“no fundamental right”,恰与C选项表意相反,所以C是反向干扰。D选项根据题干“conditional”定位到最后一段最后一句,其中只提到“conditional on actively seeking a job.,并没有要说以后应该怎样,所以属于无中生有。Text226 .a lot of students take up law as their profession due toAthe growing demand from clients.Bthe increasing pressure of inflation.Cthe prospect of working in big firms.Dthe attraction of financial rewards.答案:Do该题是因果细节题,考察细节。首先,根据段落定位原则模糊定位,定位到前几段。其次,再精确定位,题干中有关键词“students”Taw”“profession”,回到原文寻找相关信息。第一段未发现相关信 ,息然后至第二段看至The best lawyers made skyscrapers-full of money, tempting ever more students to pile into law schools J与题干有重合之处,选项D是该句的同义替换。A、B、C三个选项根据原文个别词汇飞在球§”“由加日011”“加8行011”等进行干扰。注意,第一段的But是个假转折词,并非答案处。27 . Which of the following adds to the costs of legal education in most American states?AHigher tuition fees for undergraduate studies.BJAdmissions approval from the bar association.CPursuing a bachelor's degree in another major.DJReceiving training by professional associations.答案:C。该题是细节题,考察细节。首先根据段落定位原则定位到第三段。其次,根据题干关键词“the costs of legal education”精确定位到第三段第二句话“One is the excessive costs of a legal educalion.”问题是“which of the following adds to the costs of legal education”,因此定位句的下一句就是答案,即,There is just one path for a lawyer in most American states: a four-year undergraduate degree in some unrelated subject, then a three-year law degree at one of 200 law schools accredited by the American Bar Association and an expensive preparation for the bar exam.”分析选项可知,选项C恰当概况了该句子的涵义。A选项利用三段末尾的“This leaves today's average law-school graduate with $100,000 of debt on top of undergraduate debts.”进彳亍干扰。B 选项无中生有。D选项根据四段最后一句出现的“training”个别词汇进行干扰。28 .Hindrance to the reform of the legal system originates fromAJlawyers' and clients, strong resistance.Bthe rigid bodies governing the profession.CJthe stem exam for would-be lawyers.Dnon-professionals, sharp criticism.答案:Bo该题是原因细节题,问来源。首先段落定位原则定位到第四段。其次,根据题干关键词“Ihe reform of the legal system”定位至U第二句“Sensible ideas have been around for a long time, but the state-level bodies that govern the profession have been too conservative to implement them.”选项 B 即为该句的同义替换。29 .The guild-like ownership structure is considered “restrictive“ partly because itAbans outsiders5 involvement in the profession.BJkeeps lawyers from holding law-firm shares.Caggravates the ethical situation in the trade.Dprevents lawyers from gaining due profits.答案:Ao该题为因果细节题,问原因。根据段落定位原则定位至倒数第二段。其次,题干中出现“the guild-like ownership structure”,精确定位到第二句"Except in the District of Columbia, non-lawyers may not own any share of a law firm. This keeps fees high and innovation slow.”此夕卜,在该段最后一句提到4t.keeping outsiders out of a law firm isolates lawyers from the pressure to make money rather than serve clients ethically."从而可以得出答案选A。1.1 In this text, the author mainly discussesAlflawed ownership of America's law firms and its causes.Bthe factors that help make a successful lawyer in America.Ca problem in America's legal profession and solutions to it.Dthe role of undergraduate studies in America's legal education.答案:Co该题为文章主旨题,考察文章中心。该篇文章属于问题解决型文章,前5段均在说美国法律职业存在的问题,最后一段提出了解决措施“allowing non-lawyers to own shares in law firms would reduce costs and improve services to customers, by encouraging law firms to use technology and to employ professional managers to focus on improving firms, efficiency/因此,该篇属于问题解决型文章,选C。其他几个选项均为文中的个别细节,以偏概全。Text 3真题解析:文章主题及背景知识:此篇阅读的主题内容为“基础物理学奖”,如果对于这一背景信息有所了解,这篇文章便可轻松看懂,做题更是十拿九稳!与2013年相比,2014考研阅读文章同样注重时效性,Text3便是反应了2013年3月份的一次实时事件:基础物理学基金会于3月20日晚在瑞士11内瓦揭晓了2013年基础物理学奖!所以2015考研的同学们一定要多多关注社会热点话题,拓展视野,丰富自己的文化背景知识,这样才能取得事半功倍的效果!文章讲到的是关于和诺贝尔奖一样的奖金丰厚的奖项出现,这些奖项就是由一些网络的公司或者是一些新贵们他们得出这样大量的钱,当然会遭出一些批评,这些奖项还是没法和诺贝尔奖相比的,阶级是没法改变的,名望是没法购买的。当然这一系列的东西,在前三段当中谈到之后,到了最后一段,作者表明他的观点,纵然这些对科学家的奖励在奖项上存在着一些瑕疵,存在着一些不合理的地方。但是对于科学家来说,有人给你钱支持你的研究,终归是好的。也就是说从31到35题基本上没有难题,也没有可以去争议的,也是既所得的文章。31 .The Fundamental Physical Prize is seen asAa symbol of the entrepreneurs's wealth.|Ba possible replacement of the Nobel Prize.Can example of bankers' investment.DJa handsome reward for researchers.答案:Ao为细节题。根据题干中的Fundamental Physics Prize可以定位到第一段,但除此之外就没有其他细节提示信息了,所以我们只能根据几个选项去定位,分别根据选项中的enlrepreneurs、Nobel Prize> investments reward去定位,在第一段末句找到了与A选项相一致的句子,则判定A选项正确。32 .The phrase “to sign on”(Line 3,Para.2) most probably meansAthe profit-oriented scientists.Bthe founders of the new award.Cthe achievement-based system.Dpeer-review-led research.答案:B o为细节题。根据题干中的critics定位到第三段,可知第二段没有出题,从第三段第二句可以得出本道题的正确选项,who have made their careers in research即为B选项中的The founderso33 .What promoted the chancellor to develop his scheme?Acontroversies over the recipients, status.Bthe joint effort of modern researchers.Clegitimate concerns over the new prize.Dthe demonstration of research findings.答案:D o为细节题。本道题如果从题干中看更像是例证题,但题目中说道the case involves即问例子本身,所以为一道细节题。我们在第四段倒数第三句中找到了 Higgs boson,定位到本句可以得知nature of modern researchas well as demonstrated by 即为本道题正确答案。34 .According to Paragraph 3, being unemployed makes one one feelATheir endurance has done justice to them.BTheir legitimacy has long been in dispute.CThey are the most representative honor.DHistory has never cast doubt on them.答案:A o为判断题。此类题型是考试中的一个难点,在题干中提示信息非常少,所以我们需要根据每个选项分别定位。A选项的durance定位到本段最后一句time。B选项根据legitimacy定位到第一句。C 选项没有提到。D选项从最后一段可以验证确实是收到了质疑,B选项和原文不符,可以得知答案为A。35 .To which of the following would the author most probably agree?AJacceptable despite the criticism.Bharmful to the culture of research.CJsubject to undesirable changes.fDunworthy of public attention.答案:A o为主旨题。本题属于作者观点,出在最后一段则说明更多体现了文章的主旨,因为还有一个段落对应,则我们可以在最后一段找答案,根据题干中的award我们可以得知全文的最后一句明确体现了作者的观点,故选A。Text 4本篇文章选自华尔街日报。主要讲的是非自由教育以及''问题核心''这个报告。答案解析:36 .选A,该题是细节态度题。并非考察全文的态度,也就是说要细节定位。根据题T定位原则,定位第一段AAAS出现之处,并且一定要找到表示评价的部分。该题迷惑性很强,因为文章在AAAS后面就又"praise”所以容易误导大家选择答案B "appreciative(欣赏的)”,但是我们应该看到有however,我们知道如果第一段出现转折,那此转折一定跟主旨有关。同时各个题都与主旨相关,所以这道题应该于主旨相关,后文中的“may cause more harm than good.“让我们知道它的还多余利,所以答案选择A,批判性的。37 . Influential figures in the Congress required that the AAAS report on how toAJ retain people's interest in liberal educationB define the government's role in educationC keep a leading position in liberal educationD safeguard individuals rights to education37,选C,细节题。根据自然段定位原则,36题在第一段出题,38题在第三段出题,那37题在第二段出题的可能性就很大。同时题干定位“Influential figures in the Congress”与“leading congressional Democrats and Republicans”同义替换。定位的答案是 asking that it identify actions that could be taken by "federal, state and, individual benefactors and others" to "asking that it identify actions that could be taken by ''federal, stateand local governments, universities, foundations, educators, individual benefactors and others,* to "maintain national excellence in humanities and social scientific scholarship and education."In humanities and social scientific scholarship and education.”也就是说答案重点在 maintain national excellence 刚好与选项 C 中的 leading position进行同义替换。ABD与文章不符合。38 . According to Paragraph 3, the report suggestsA an exclusive study of American historyB a greater emphasis on theoretical subjectsC the application of emerging technologiesD funding for the study of foreign languages38,选C,推理题。Suggest是推理题的标志。先化选项关键词,发现选项A是讲American history选项 B;是讲 theoretical subjects;选项 Cemerging technologies;选项 Dfunding foreign languageso 返回原文定位的时候,A 选项中的“exclusive 排外''并没有在"stresses the study of history and government, particularly American history and American government;”这句话中体现。B选项中的理论学科没有定位点。D选项与原文“increased funding for teachers”以及"greater study of foreign languages,“不符。属于张冠李戴。"encourages the use of new digital technologies.”与选项 C 同义替换。39 . The author implies in Paragraph S that professors areA supportive of free marketsB cautious about intellectual investigationC conservative about public policyD biased against classical liberal ideas39题选B,属于推理题。Implies是推理题的标志。同时根据提题干定位第五段,找professor.4tprofessors routinely treat the progressive interpretation of history and progressive public policy as the proper subject of study while portraying conservative or classical liberal ideassuch as free markets, self-reliance as falling outside the boundaries of routine, and sometimes legitimate, intellectual investigation.''A 选项中的 free markets 前面的修饰词语是conservative or liberal ideas没有体现 A选项中的supportiveo C选项中的conservative与文中 progressive public policy不符合。D选项中biased没有体现,故排除。所以选B。40 . Which of the following would be the best title for the text?A Ways to Grasp kfcThe Heart of the Matter”B Illiberal Education and “The Heart of the Matter”C The A A AS's Contribution to Liberal EducationD Progressive Policy vs. Liberal Education40 .题选择Bo主旨大意题。先看其他题题干,我们锁定关键词是report ,而report就是“the heart of the matter-故排除C和D.而我们看A发现文章并没有讲如何抓住“问题核心”的各个方法。排除A,选择BSection B 41-45 C FG D B解析:本文选自发表于2(X)3年The International History Project的文章,题目为Archeology.41 .此题是首段,所以需要找寻综述性的段落。其中A和E选项是给出的,所以只需从余下选项进行选择。B选项中有another,所以不会是第一段。E选项中代词their没有指代对象。F中有ho we ver,也不会是第一段。因此,只留卜C和D选项。在C选项最后一句提到survey和lesl sample也很重要。而在D选项开头就提到了 survey,而且整段都是,山此可看出D是对C的分述。所以C是首段。42 .此题排在A项之后,所以内容上应该是衔接的。A项主要谈论的是大部分考古地点是通过仔细搜寻之后找到的,而其他的很多是被偶然发现的,接着举了一些例子。接下来在看各段首句的时候,发现F 项中提到大部分考古地点是被考古学家们特意寻找发现的,和A提到的偶然发现意思相反,所以F正确。43 .此题排在E项之后。E选项最后一句提到天空的搜寻,而在G选项的开头提到地面搜寻,正好形成对应,所以为正确答案。44 .此时,只留下B和D选项。其中B选项开头提到了 in another case,所以前面一段一定要提到in one case