2022年专升本英语阅读训练.doc

专升本英语阅读训练Passage 1 Population tends to grow at an exponential(指数旳)rate. This means that they progressively double. As an example of this type of growth rate take one penny and double every day for one month. After the first week, you would have only 64 cent, but after the fourth week you would have over a million dollars. This helps explain why the population has come on“all of a sudden” took from he beginning of human 1ife to the year 1830 for the population of the earth to reach one billion. That repents(缓慢进行) a time span of at least two million years. Then it took from 1830 to 1930 for world population to reach 2 billion. The next billion was added by 1960 only thirty years and in 1975 world population reached 4 billion which is another billion people in only fifteen years. World population is increasing at a rate of 9, 000per hour, 220,000 per day and 80 million per year. This is not only due to higher birth rate, but to lower death rate as well. The number of births has not declined at the same rate as the number of deaths.Some countries such as Columbia, Thailand, Morocco, Costa Rica and the Philippines are doubling their population about every twenty-one years with a growth rate of 3.3 percent a year or more. The United States is doubling its population about very eighty-seven years, with a rate of 0.8 percent per year. Every time a population doubles, the country involved needs twice as much of everything, including hospitals, schools, resources, food and medicines to care for its people. It is easy to see that this is very difficult to achieve for the more rapidly growing countries. 1. This passage chiefly discusses A. the growth of world population. B. one type of the exponential rate. C. the population problem of more rapidly growing countries. D. the possible ways of dealing with the rapid population growth. 2. According to the passage what helps to explain why the population problem has come on “all of a sudden”? A. The penny that doubles itself every day for one month. B. The time span of at 1east two million years in human history. C. An illustration of the exponent growth rate given by the author. D. The large amount of money you would luckily make after the fourth week. 3. It took for the world to increase its population from 1 billion to 4 billion. A. 100 years B. 175 years C. 1975 years D. over two million years 4. Which of the following statements is NOT true?A. World population is increasing at a rate of 150 per minute. B. Lower death rate also contributes to world population growth. C. The population of Columbia has been doubling every year for 21 years. D. The United States is usually doubling its population on about every 87 years. 5. When a population doubles, the country involved needs twice as much of everything including _. A. hospitals and medicines B. schools and students C. food and manpower resources D. all of the above Passage 2 Women are on the whole more verbal than men. They are good at 1anguage and verbal reasoning. while men tend to be skilled at tasks demanding visual-spatial(视空)abilities. In fact, along with aggression these are the most commonly accepted difference between these sexes. Words are tools for communicating with other people especially information about people. They are mainly social tools. Visual and spatial abilities are good for imagining and manipulating objects and for communicating information about them. Are these talents programmed into the brain? In some of the newest and most controversial research in neurophysiology(神经生理学), it has been suggested that when it comes to the brain males are specialists while women are generalists. But one knows that, if anything this means in terms of the abilities of the two sexes. Engineering is both Visual and spatial and its true that there are relatively few women engineers. But women become just as skilled as men at shooting a rifle or driving a car task that involve visual-spatial skills. They also do equally well at programming a computer, which is neither visual nor spatial. Women do, however, seem less likely to fall in love with the objects themselves. We all know men for whom machines seem to be extensions of their identity. A woman is more likely to see her car, rifle or computer as a useful tool but not in itself fascinating. 1. According to the passage, women are usually good at_. A. body language B. logical reasoning C. tasks demanding for the use of words D. both A and B 2. The word "accepted” in the last sentence of the first paragraph, roughly means_. A. believed B. assumed C. received D. reconciled 3. In the authors opinion, visual and spatial abilities are good for_. A. achieving ones objects.B. mind and body. C. programming talents into the brain.D. imagination and communication. 4. All the following tasks involve visual-spatial abilities EXCEPT_. A. imagining and handling objects. B. providing a computer with a set of instructions C. shooting a gun and driving an automobile D. planning and making things as an engineer does 5. Why do women seem less likely to fall in love with the objects themselves? A. Because they have no visual-spatial skills. B. Because they are only good at 1anguage and verbal reasoning. C. Because they are less likely to see their charming or interesting aspects. D. Because they rarely use machines such as cars, rifles, computers, etc. Passage 3 The US. government has recently helped people learn more about the dangers of earthquakes by publishing a map. This map shows the chances of an earthquake in each part of the country. The areas of the map where earthquakes are most likely to occur are called earthquake “belt”. The government is, spending a great deal money and is working hard to help discover the answer to these two questions: l. Can we predict earthquake? 2. Can we control earthquakes? To answer the first question, scientists are looking very closely at the most active fault(断层)systems in the country such as the San Andreas fault in California, a fault is break between two sections of the earths surface. These breaks between sections are the place where earthquake occurs. Scientists look at the faults for changes that might show that an earthquake was about to occurs. But it will probably be many years before we can predict earthquakes accurately. And the control of earthquakes is even farther away. Nevertheless, there have been some interesting developments in the field of controlling earthquakes. The most interesting development concerns the Rocky Mountain Arsenal earthquakes. Here water was put into a layer of rocks 4000 meters below surface of the ground. Shortly after this injection of water, there were a small number of earthquakes. Scientists have decided that the water which was injected into rocks works like oil on each other. When the water“oiled”the fault, the fault became slippery and the energy of an earthquake was released. Scientists are still experimenting at the site of these earthquakes. They have realized that there is a connection between injection of the water and the earthquake activity. They have suggested that might be possible to use this knowledge to prevent very big destructive earthquakes, that is, scientists could inject some kind of fluid like water into faults and change one big earthquake into a number of small, harmless earthquakes. 1. Earthquake belts are . A. maps that show where earthquakes are likely to occur B. zones with a high probability of earthquakes C. breaks between two sections of the earths surface D. the two layers of earth along a fault 2. The San Andreas fault is . A. an active fault system B. a place where earthquakes have been predicted accurately C. a place where earthquake have been controlled D. the location of the Rocky Mountain 3. What did scientists learn about earthquakes at the Rocky Mountain Arsenal？ A. They occur at bout 4000 meters below ground level B. The injection of water into earthquake faults prevents earthquakes from occurring. C. They are usually caused by the oil in the faults. D. Harmful earthquakes can be possibly prevented by causing small harmless earthquake. 4. What can be said about the experiments at Rocky Mountain Arsenal? A. They have no practical value in earthquake prevention. B. They may have practical value in earthquake prevention. C. They are certain to have practical value in earthquake prevention. D. he article does not say anything about their practical value in earthquake prevention. 5. What is the most appropriate title for the passage? A. Dangers of Earthquake B. Earthquake Belts and Prediction C. Earthquake Prediction and Control D. Earthquake Engineering in California Passage 4 Sporting activities are essentially modified forms of hunting behavior. Viewed biologically, the modern footballer is in reality a member of a hunting group. His killing weapon has turned into a harmless football and his prey into a goalmouth. If his aim is accurate and he scores a goal, he enjoys the hunters triumph of killing his prey. To understand how this transformation has taken place we must briefly look back at our forefathers. They spent over a million years evolving(进化) as Cooperative hunters. Their very survival depended on success in the hunting field. Under this pressure their whole way of life, even their bodies, became greatly changed：They became chasers, runners, jumpers, aimers, throwers and prey killers. They cooperated as skillful male group attack. Then about ten thousand years ago, after this immensely long period of hunting the food, they became farmers. Their improved intelligence, so vital to their old hunting life was put to a new usethat of controlling and domesticating (驯养) their prey. The hunt became suddenly out of date. The food was there on the farms, awaiting their needs. The risks and uncertainties of the hunt were no longer essential for survival. The skills and thirst for hunting remained, however, and demanded new outlets. Hunting for sport replaced hunting for necessity. This new activity involved all the original hunting sequences(后果), but the aim of the operation was no longer to avoid starvation. Instead the sportsmen set off to test their skill against prey that was no longer essential to their survival. To be sure, the kill may have been eaten, but there were other purposes, much simpler of obtaining a meaty meal. 1. What is the main idea of the passage?A. Hunting is very important in human civilization.B. Sporting activities satisfy the desire of modern society.C. Its hunting that provides human beings with food.D. The importance of sporting activities in modern society.2. According to the author, sporting activities .A. are essential to the survival B. have actually developed from hunting C. evolve as biological development D. are football games 3. For over a million years. our forefathers were basically . A. skillful sportsmen B. successful farmers C. runners and jumpers D. cooperating hunters 4. The word“operation (Par. 4)refers to . A. sports activities B. hunting C. farmers D. prey killing 5. Which of the following is true according to the passage? A. The goalmouth is equal to the weapon in hunting. B. Without hunting our forefathers couldnt live. C. After our forefathers became farmers they still hunted for food. D. Farmers are satisfied with stable lives and they didnt have enthusiasm for hunting any more Passage 5A man once said how useless it was to put advertisements in the newspapers. “Last week,” he said, my umbrella was stolen from a London church. As it was a present, I spent twice its worth in advertising, but didnt get it back.“How did you write your advertisement?” asked one of the listeners, a merchant. “Here it is,” said the man, taking out of his pocket a slip cut from a newspaper, The other man took it and read, “Lost from the City Church last Sunday evening, a black silk umbrella. The gentleman who finds it will receive ten shillings on leaving it at No. 10 Broad Street.”“Now,” said the merchant, “I often advertise, and find that it pays me well. But the way in which an advertisement is expressed is of extreme importance. Let us try for your umbrella again, and if it fails, Ill buy you a new one.”The merchant then took a slip of paper out of his pocket and wrote: “If the man who was seen to take an umbrella from the City Church last Sunday evening doesnt wish to get into trouble, he will return the umbrella to No.10 Broad Street. He is well known.”This appeared in the paper, and on the following morning, the man was astonished when the opened the front door. In the doorway lay at least twelve umbrellas of all sizes and colors that had been thrown in, and his own was among the number. Many of them had notes fastened to them saying that they hand been taken by mistake, and begging the loser not to say anything about the matter.1. The man once thought advertising was _.A. of little use B. of some useC. practical D. valuable2. The result of the first advertisement was that_.A. the man got his umbrella backB. the man wasted some money advertisingC. nobody found the missing umbrellaD. the umbrella was found somewhere near the church3. The merchant suggested that the man should_.A. buy a new umbrella B. go on looking for his umbrellaC. write another better advertisement. D. report to the police4. Why did the merchant say “I often advertise and find that it pays me well”?A. He knew how to advertiseB. He had more money for advertisingC. He found it easy to advertise.D. He had a friend in the newspaper where he advertised.5. This is a story about _.A. a useless advertisementB. how to make an effective advertisementC. how the man lost and found his umbrellaD. what the merchant did for the umbrella ownerPassage 6The great advance in rocker t