(讲练测)2017年高考英语一轮复习语法专题非谓语动词(2)(讲)新人教版选修6.doc

非谓语动词（2）非谓语动词考点，是英语高考必考点之一。在高考中主要考查点有：非谓语动词作定语、非谓语动词作状语、动名词作主语、非谓语动词的独立主格结构、非谓语动词短语与状语从句之间的转换等。命题形式：本考点在广东高考中的命题形式主要有：1.语法填空（短文填空）（出现在全国卷中）；2.书面表达解题技巧：解答非谓语动词类试题，可以从以下几个方面着手考虑：非谓语动词是高中英语教学法的重点和难点，也是历届高考的重点项目。命题热点多是借助于基本概念，在语境中考查常用动词的各种非谓语形式以及个性动词后的非谓语形式的不同要求。有时也涉及到非谓语动词逻辑主语的一致性问题以及独立结构中非谓语的各种变化。其考点主要包括：1、考查不定式和动名词作宾语的区别。要求熟记“三类”动词：（1）只能接不定式作宾语的动词。如：seem, attempt, neglect, afford, demand, long, arrange, mean, expect等；（2）只能接动名词作宾语的动词。如：acknowledge, admit, appreciate, avoid, delay, escape, consider, permit, imagine, postpone, risk,等；（3）接不定式和动名词意义有别的动词。如： remember, try, mean, regret等。2、考查不定式、现在分词和过去分词作定语的区别。简单地说就是：不定式表示“未来的动作”，现在分词表示“进行的动作”，过去分词表示“完成的动作”。3、考查不定式和分词作状语的区别。（1）结果状语：only to do表示“出乎意料的结果”；thus doing表示“自然而然的结果”。（2）程度状语：be glad（silly，sad，disappointed，satisfied，sorry，surprised）to have done表示“很高兴（愚蠢、难过）做了.”。（3）原因状语：being形容词（过去分词、副词、介词短语、名词）通常在句中表示原因。4、考查分词、不定式作宾语补足语的区别。（1）感官动词see, watch, observe, look at, hear, listen to, notice 等和使役动词have 后面的宾补有三种形式：不带to 的不定式、现在分词和过去分词。（2）leave 后接三种形式作宾补：leave sb doing sth“让某人一直做某事”,;leave sth undone“留下某事未做”; leave sth to be done“留下某事要做”。（3）have, get 后接三种形式作宾补：have/get sth done “使/让某事由别人去做”(叫/让某人做某事);have sb / sth doing “使/让某人/物持续地做某事”(现在分词表示主动或正在进行);get sb / sth doing “使某人/物开始行动起来”;have sb do sth (get sb to do sth) “使/让 /叫某人去做某事”。（4）be said（reported、thought、considered）+ to do sth（据说“要”）/ to be doing sth（据说“正在”）/ to have done sth（据说“已经”）。5、考查非谓语的时态和语态。即，现在分词的一般体和完成体的区别；过去分词和现在分词的区别。6、考查非谓语动词的其它结构。with（out）复合宾语结构、独立主格结构、不定式的复合结构等。 2015年高考将继续加强对非谓语动词的考查，而且对分词的考查仍是重点。试题的测试点将呈现出“情景化”和“设问角度多样化”的趋势，但试题的难度不会太大。考点揭秘1.We got a little_（sunburn），but the day had been so relaxing that we didnt mind.2.“In the beginning, there was only a very small amount of unfairness in the world, but everyone added a little ,always （think）that it was only small and not very important , and look where we have ended up today.”【答案与解析】thinking, 考查非谓语动词，现在分词形式表伴随。3.He suddenly appeared in class one day, _ (wear) sun glasses.【答案与解析】wearing考查非谓语动词的用法。作伴随状语，描述谓语动词appear的状态，表主动，用现在分词。句意为：一天他突然出现在课堂上，戴着太阳镜。4. I got on the bus and found a seat near the back, and then I noticed a man _ (sit) at the front.【答案与解析】sitting/sit notice sb doing/do sth 5.Even if a grade is not given, the student is responsible for 19. _ (learn) the material assigned. 【答案与解析】learning 此处for是介词，其后用动名词。语法填空练习1.完成下列的语法填空（注意非谓语动词的用法）语法填空（共10题；每小题1.5分，满分15分）Last year, my brother and I went to Miami for a vacation. Some of my friends who had been there before said_1_ was a wonderful holiday destination. Before we went, we had planned for months. When the day came, we were ready.After our plane landed, we went to the hotel. We had made our reservation six months_2_ （early）, but the man at the front desk said there had been a mistake. We _3_（tell）that our rooms hadnt been reserved for that week, _4_ for the week after. I didnt understand _5_ this would happen and my credit card had already been charged_6_ the reservation. Whats worse, the hotel had been fully booked. When we were wondering what to do, the manager came out. She was _7_（surprise）helpful. She apologized for the mistake and gave us a spare VIP room on _8_ top floor. We had never stayed in such an amazing room, and we werent charged extra.The next day, my brother and I went to the beach _9_ we watched some people play volleyball. We got a little_10_（sunburn），but the day had been so relaxing that we didnt mind.1._ 2._3._ 4._ 5._6._ 7._8._ 9._ 10._【答案】itearlierwere toldbutwhyforsurprisinglythewheresunburned/ sunburnt【解析】试题分析：本文是一篇记叙文。叙述了作者和弟弟去迈阿密度假，他们下了飞机就赶往提前已经预定好了的房间的旅馆，结果到了之后发现，前台把预定房间的时间弄错了，正当他们不知怎么办的时候，经理过来了，问明了情况后，就给他们开了一个VIP的房间，也没有向他们再加钱。他们在那里的度假非常愉快。 it 考查代词及语境的理解。以前去过那里的朋友说它是一个很好的度假的地方。这里根据上文可知前面提到了一个地方Miami，这里为了避免重复，而用代词it代替的是迈阿密。it可以代替的是同一事物或同一个地方。earlier 考查形容词比较级及语境的理解。这里是暗含比较，虽然没有比较连词，但是在到达之前早就预定好的，所以应该用比较级。这个题如果考生没有看出是暗含比较很容易填原形。were told 考查动词的语态及语境的理解。这里we与tell之间是被动关系，即服务员告诉我们，我们的房间没有预定上。故用were told。这里考生必须理解上文的意思，才能正确判断这个句子的主谓之间的关系。but 考查并列连词及语境的理解。服务员告诉我们那周的房间没有预定上而是定了之后一周的房间。这里notbut不是而是，用but表示前后是转折关系。如果考生不能正确理解这句的句意，很难想到用but。why 考查宾语从句的连接词及语境的理解。我不知道为什么这种事会发生。这里why引导的是宾语从句，判断用哪个连词主要考查考生对上下文的语境的理解。这个题只要考生能够理解句意，一般能够做对的。for 考查介词。我的信用卡已经支付了这次的预定房间的钱款。这里是短语charge sb for sth因为某事而向某人索要钱。主要考查考生能够看出这里是短语的被动形式。故用for。surprisingly 考查副词。她是非常地乐于助人。这里helpful是形容词，副词来修饰形容词。Surprise是名词或动词；surprising是形容词；surprisingly是副词。这里主要考查考生对于词性转换掌握的情况，必须了解这几个词之间的词性变化。the 考查冠词。她向我们道歉，并给我们在顶层提供了一个VIP会员房间。这里一个楼层的顶部当然是特指的，所以应该用定冠词the。2.语法填空In order to know a foreign language thoroughly, four things are necessary. Firstly, we must understand the language when we hear 1. _ spoken. Secondly, we must be able to speak it ourselves correctly with confidence and without hesitation. 2. _， we must be able to read the language, and fourthly, we must be able to write it. We must be able to make sentences that are grammatically correct. There is no easy way to success 3. _ language learning. 4. _ good memory is a great help, but it is not enough only5. _ (memorize) rules from a grammar book. It is not much use learning by heart long lists of words and 6. _ meanings, studying the dictionary and so on. We must learn by using the language. 7. _ we are satisfied with only a few rules we have memorized, we are not really learning the language. “Learn through use” is a good piece of 8. _ (advise) for those 9. _ are studying a new language. Practice is important. We must practice speaking and 10. _ (write) the language whenever we can.1._ 2._3._ 4._ 5._6._ 7._8._ 9._ 10._6their指代前面的words。7If前后是条件关系。8advice一条建议，此处应用名词形式。9who先行词是those，用who引导定语从句。10. writing练习做某事应用practise doing sth。3.基础习作（适当使用非谓语动词）你接受一项写作任务，要为当地英语晚报写一篇报道。写作内容请根据以下信息写一篇英文报道，内容包括：人物：英国人查理德·阿维斯（Richard Avis）出生日期：1974年12月1日时间：2011年开始在世界各地寻找同年同月同日生的人目的：理解不同文化中成功人生的含义相关信息：· 借助当地媒体寻找· 迄今找到32名，其中男性17名，女性15名，来自13个国家· 职业包括政府官员、运动员、司机、教师、艺术家等· 计划40岁生日前找到40位同年同月同日生的人· 打算根据此经历写一本书 同年同月同日生的人：time twin写作要求只能用5个句子表达全部内容评分标准句子结构准确，信息内容完整，篇章结构连贯。【答案】Richard Avis, a British, was born on December 1st, 1974. In order to understand the meaning of successful life in different cultures, Richard, from 2011, began to seek time twins around the world. With the help of the local media, he has already found 32 time twins from 13 countries, of whom there are 17 males and 15 females. Their positions include government officials, athletes, drivers, teachers, artists and so on. Richard intends to find 40 time twins before his birthday and he is going to write a book based on this experience.