高考英语专题定语从句课件.ppt

高考语法专项高考语法专项 定语从句定语从句2021/8/11 星期三1She is a beautiful girlShe is a girl who is beautiful.一 定义：修饰名词或代词的从句叫做定语从句。具有形容词性质。二 分类：限制性定语从句 非限制性定语从句eg.Student who are interested in Chinese Literature may attend the lecture.He gave up the plan,which was a very good one.三 关系词：1.分类：关系代词;关系副词 2.作用：连接作用；替代作用；成分作用先行词先行词(n./pron.)关系词关系词从句从句定语从句定语从句=先行词先行词+（关系词（关系词+从句）从句）对先行词起修饰限定的作用。对先行词起补充说明的作用的作用，往往用逗号隔开。2021/8/11 星期三2关系词关系词 先先行行词词从句从句成分成分随堂练习随堂练习关关系系代代词词whowho人人主主/宾宾1.Do you know the man 1.Do you know the man _ is talking with your is talking with your mother?mother?2.Mr.Smith is the person with 2.Mr.Smith is the person with _I am working.I am working.3.The boy 3.The boy _she loved died in the war.she loved died in the war.4.I like those books 4.I like those books _topics are about history.topics are about history.5.The boy 5.The boy _father works abroad is my deskmate.father works abroad is my deskmate.6.A plane is a machine 6.A plane is a machine _can fly.can fly.7.She is the pop star 7.She is the pop star _I want to see I want to see very much.very much.8.The book 8.The book _ I gave you was worth$10.I gave you was worth$10.9.The 9.The picture picture _was was about about the the accident accident was was terrible.terrible.10.He is such a person 10.He is such a person _is respected by all of us.is respected by all of us.11.This is the same pen 11.This is the same pen _ I lost yesterday.I lost yesterday.whomwhom人人宾语宾语whosewhose人人/物物定语定语thatthat人人/物物主主/宾宾whichwhich物物主主/宾宾asas人人/物物主主/宾宾who/thatwho/thatwhomwhomwho/whom/that/who/whom/that/whosewhosewhosewhosethat/whichthat/whichwho/whom/that/who/whom/that/that/which/that/which/that/whichthat/whichasasasas非限制性定从中非限制性定从中whowho，whom,whom,whichwhich和和thatthat在从句中做宾在从句中做宾语时，常可以省略语时，常可以省略,但介词但介词提前时后面关系代词不能省提前时后面关系代词不能省略，也不可以用略，也不可以用thatthat和和whowho asas做宾语一做宾语一般不省略般不省略 2021/8/11 星期三3关系词关系词 先行词先行词从句从句成分成分随堂练习随堂练习备备 注注关关系系副副 词词 WhenWhen时间时间时间时间状语状语1.I will never forget the day 1.I will never forget the day _we met there.we met there.2.This is the house 2.This is the house _ I I was born.was born.3.I cant imagine the reason 3.I cant imagine the reason _he turned down my he turned down my offer.offer.可用可用on on which which WhereWhere地点地点地点地点状语状语可用可用in in whichwhichwhywhy原因原因（the the reasonreason）原因原因状语状语可用可用for for whichwhichwhenwhenwherewherewhywhy2021/8/11 星期三4一一 关系代词关系代词thatthat和和whichwhich，who/whomwho/whom的用法区别的用法区别1.1.只用只用thatthat的情况：的情况：（1 1）先行词是）先行词是everything,nothing,anything,everything,nothing,anything,something,much,little,nonesomething,much,little,none等不定代词或由不定代词等不定代词或由不定代词any,some,no,much,few,little,every,allany,some,no,much,few,little,every,all等修饰等修饰时；时；（2 2）先行词被）先行词被the verythe very（恰恰，正好）（恰恰，正好）,the only,the only修饰时；修饰时；（3 3）先行词是形容词最高级或序数词或被形容词最高级或序）先行词是形容词最高级或序数词或被形容词最高级或序数词修饰时；数词修饰时；（4 4）先行词中既有人又有事物时；）先行词中既有人又有事物时；（5 5）当先行词前面有）当先行词前面有who/whichwho/which等疑问代词时，只用等疑问代词时，只用thatthat。常考点清单常考点清单2021/8/11 星期三52.2.只用只用whichwhich或或who/whomwho/whom的情况的情况（1 1）在非限制性定语从句中，只能用）在非限制性定语从句中，只能用whichwhich指代物，用指代物，用who/whomwho/whom指人指人（2 2）在由）在由“介词介词+关系代词关系代词”引导的定语从句中，只能用引导的定语从句中，只能用whichwhich指物，指物，whomwhom指人。指人。3.which3.which在引导非限定性定语从句时可指代整个主句在引导非限定性定语从句时可指代整个主句随堂练习：随堂练习：1.Is there anything 1.Is there anything _you dont understand about the you dont understand about the problem?problem?2.The worst thing 2.The worst thing _i am afraid of happened in the end.i am afraid of happened in the end.3.All the present3.All the present_ your friends gave me on the birthday your friends gave me on the birthday should be put away.should be put away.4.This is the very book 4.This is the very book _ I have been looking for.I have been looking for.5.He was late for the opening ceremony,5.He was late for the opening ceremony,_ was very was very surprising to me.surprising to me.6.Those 6.Those _ respect others are usually respected by others.respect others are usually respected by others.that that 不能用于非限定不能用于非限定性定语从句和介词之后性定语从句和介词之后thatthatthatthatthatthatthatthatwhichwhichwhowho2021/8/11 星期三6高考链接高考链接（1 1）（）（2010 2010 四川四川 10 10）After graduating from collegeAfter graduating from college，I took I took some time off to go travelingsome time off to go traveling，turned out to be a turned out to be a wise decisionwise decision A Athat Bthat Bwhich Cwhich Cwhen Dwhen Dwherewhere（2 2）（）（2010 2010 全国全国 24 24）As a child,Jack studied in a village As a child,Jack studied in a village school,school,_ is named after his grandfather.is named after his grandfather.A.which B.where C.what D.that A.which B.where C.what D.that（3 3）（）（2010 2010 全国全国 16 16）I refuse to accept the blame for I refuse to accept the blame for something something _was someone elses fault.was someone elses fault.A.who B.that C.as D.what A.who B.that C.as D.what（4 4）(2009(2009 宁夏海南宁夏海南 28)She brought with her three friends,28)She brought with her three friends,none of none of I had ever met before.I had ever met before.A.them B.who C.whom D.these A.them B.who C.whom D.these（5 5）(2009(2009 山东山东 24)Whenever I met her,24)Whenever I met her,_ was fairly was fairly often,she greeted me with a sweet smile.often,she greeted me with a sweet smile.A.who B.which C.when D.that A.who B.which C.when D.that 2021/8/11 星期三7二二 the way the way做先行词做先行词填上合适的关系词并分析原因填上合适的关系词并分析原因：1.The way 1.The way _he explained the he explained the sentence to us was not difficult to understand.sentence to us was not difficult to understand.2.The way 2.The way _ he explained to us was he explained to us was quite simple.quite simple.高考链接高考链接（2004 2004 湖北湖北 29 29）What surprised me was not what he What surprised me was not what he said but said but _ he said it.he said it.A.the way B.in the way that A.the way B.in the way that C.in the way D.the way which C.in the way D.the way whichthat/that/inin which/which/不填不填that/which/that/which/不填不填缺状语缺状语缺宾语缺宾语2021/8/11 星期三8三三 介词介词+关系代词关系代词(1)The man who/whom you spoke(1)The man who/whom you spoke toto yesterday is a yesterday is a doctor.doctor.The man to who/whom you spoke yesterday is a The man to who/whom you spoke yesterday is a doctor.doctor.(2)The city which/that she lives(2)The city which/that she lives inin is far away.is far away.The city in which/that she lives is far away.The city in which/that she lives is far away.介词提前时只能用介词提前时只能用which which、whomwhom而不能用而不能用thatthat、who;who;关系关系代词不能省略代词不能省略 prep.+which/whomprep.+which/whomwhowho：主格：主格/宾格宾格whomwhom：宾格：宾格thatthat：人：人/物物whichwhich：物：物2021/8/11 星期三91 1 如何选用介词：如何选用介词：(1)(1)根据定语从句中谓语动词或表语的习惯搭配来确定。根据定语从句中谓语动词或表语的习惯搭配来确定。eg.China is a great country,of which we are proud.eg.China is a great country,of which we are proud.(be proud of)(be proud of)(2)(2)根据先行词与介词的习惯搭配来确定。根据先行词与介词的习惯搭配来确定。eg.This is a new desk on which there is a book.(on eg.This is a new desk on which there is a book.(on the desk)the desk)高考链接高考链接（1 1）（）（2010 2010 上海上海 38 38）Wind power is an ancient source Wind power is an ancient source of energy of energy _we may return in the near we may return in the near future.future.A.on which B.by which A.on which B.by which C.to which D.from which C.to which D.from whichwherewhere当先行词是表时间或地点的名词，关系副词当先行词是表时间或地点的名词，关系副词whenwhen和和wherewhere可以分别引导定语从句，相当于可以分别引导定语从句，相当于in which/on which/at whichin which/on which/at whichreturn to:return to:返返回；重新恢复回；重新恢复2021/8/11 星期三10（2 2）(2009(2009陕西陕西11)Gun control is a subject 11)Gun control is a subject _ Americans have argued for a long time.Americans have argued for a long time.A.of which B.with which A.of which B.with which C.about which D.into which C.about which D.into which 2“2“不定代词（不定代词（neither/none/some/most);neither/none/some/most);数量词数量词+of+of+which/whom”which/whom”结构结构eg.The old couple have two son,neither of whom are eg.The old couple have two son,neither of whom are interested in football.interested in football.The manager received a lot of telephone calls,ten The manager received a lot of telephone calls,ten of which was about the interview.of which was about the interview.argue vi.argue vi.argue about argue about sth.sth.2021/8/11 星期三11高考链接：高考链接：(1)(2006(1)(2006浙江浙江13)I was given three books on cooking13)I was given three books on cooking，the firstthe firstI really enjoyed.I really enjoyed.A.of that A.of that B.of which B.of which C.that C.that D.which D.which(2)(2008(2)(2008湖南湖南31)The growing speed of a plant is influenced by a 31)The growing speed of a plant is influenced by a number of factorsnumber of factors，are beyond our control.are beyond our control.A.most of them A.most of them B.most of which B.most of which C.most of what C.most of what D.most of that D.most of that(3)(2008(3)(2008四川四川4)For many cities in the world4)For many cities in the world，there is no room to there is no room to spread out furtherspread out further，_New York is an example.New York is an example.A.for which A.for which B.in which B.in which C.of which C.of which D.from which D.from which(4)(2008(4)(2008福建福建31)By nine oclock31)By nine oclock，all the Olympic torch bearers all the Olympic torch bearers had reached the top of Mount Qomolangmahad reached the top of Mount Qomolangma，_appeared a appeared a rare rainbow soon.rare rainbow soon.A.of which A.of which B.on which B.on which C.from which C.from which D.above which D.above which（4 4）（）（1010浙江浙江3 3）The settlement is home to nearly 1,000 people,The settlement is home to nearly 1,000 people,many of many of left their village homes for a better life in left their village homes for a better life in the city.the city.A Awhomwhom B Bwhich which C Cthemthem D DThoseThose2021/8/11 星期三12四四 关系代词关系代词whosewhoseThis is the magazine This is the magazine whose articleswhose articles I like reading I like reading most.most.1.1.功能：做定语修饰名词，其后经跟名词，构成名词短语。功能：做定语修饰名词，其后经跟名词，构成名词短语。2.2.指代：指代：whosewhose引导的定语从句，其先行词既可以指人，也引导的定语从句，其先行词既可以指人，也可以指物。可以指物。eg.Lao She,eg.Lao She,whose real namewhose real name was Shu Qingchun,wrote was Shu Qingchun,wrote many famous novels.many famous novels.That is Toms bedroom,That is Toms bedroom,whose wallwhose wall is painted is painted white.white.Lao shes real name=the real name of Lao SheLao shes real name=the real name of Lao Shewhose real name=the real name of whomwhose real name=the real name of whomwhose wall=the wall of whichwhose wall=the wall of which3.whose+n.=the+n.+of+whom/which“3.whose+n.=the+n.+of+whom/which“的的”Lao Shes real nameLao Shes real namethe bedrooms the bedrooms wallwall2021/8/11 星期三13高考链接：高考链接：（1 1）（）（2010 2010 山东山东 24 24）Thats the new machine Thats the new machine _ parts are parts are too small to be seen.too small to be seen.A.that B.which C.whose D.What A.that B.which C.whose D.What（2 2）（2010 2010 江苏江苏 3232）The newly built caf,the walls ofThe newly built caf,the walls of_ are painted light green,is really a peaceful place for us,are painted light green,is really a peaceful place for us,specially after hard work.specially after hard work.A.that B.it C.what D.which A.that B.it C.what D.which（3 3）（）（2010 2010 北京北京 27 27）Children who are not active or Children who are not active or _diet diet is high in fat will gain weight quickly.is high in fat will gain weight quickly.A.what B.whose C.which D.that A.what B.whose C.which D.that（4 4）（）（2009 2009 天津天津 5)A person 5)A person _ e-mail account is full e-mail account is full wont be able to send or receive any e-mails.wont be able to send or receive any e-mails.A.who B.whom C.whose D.whoever A.who B.whom C.whose D.whoever（5 5）(2008(2008 陕西陕西 13)The man pulled out a gold watch 13)The man pulled out a gold watch，_were were made of small diamonds.made of small diamonds.A.the hands of whom A.the hands of whom B.whom the hands of B.whom the hands of C.which the hands of D.the hands of which C.which the hands of D.the hands of which2021/8/11 星期三14五五 关系副词关系副词wherewhere wherewhere引导的定语从句先行词大多数情况下是表示地点的名引导的定语从句先行词大多数情况下是表示地点的名词，但也有特殊情况：词，但也有特殊情况：1.Ive come to the point where I cant stand him.1.Ive come to the point where I cant stand him.2.The country is in the situation where a war will 2.The country is in the situation where a war will break out at any time.break out at any time.如果定语从句修饰如果定语从句修饰point,situation,conditionpoint,situation,condition，stagestage，ageage和和casecase等表示抽象意义的词且这些词在从句等表示抽象意义的词且这些词在从句中做状语时，常用中做状语时，常用where where 引导，意思是引导，意思是“到了某种地步，到了某种地步，在某种境况中在某种境况中”。eg.(2003 eg.(2003 上海上海)I can think of many cases)I can think of many cases_ students students obviously know a lot of English words and obviously know a lot of English words and expressions but couldnt write a good essay.expressions but couldnt write a good essay.A.why B.which C.as D.where A.why B.which C.as D.where 我已经到了无法容忍他的地步了。我已经到了无法容忍他的地步了。国家正处在随时有可能爆发战争的局势中。国家正处在随时有可能爆发战争的局势中。2021/8/11 星期三15高考链接：高考链接：（1 1）（）（2010 2010 福建福建 24 24）Stephen Hawking believes that earth is Stephen Hawking believes that earth is unlikely to be the only planet unlikely to be the only planet life has developed life has developed gradually.gradually.A.that A.that B.where B.where C.which C.which D.whose D.whose（2 2）（）（2010 2010 天津天津 8 8）Can you believe I had to pay 30 Can you believe I had to pay 30 dollars for a haircut?dollars for a haircut?You should try the barbers You should try the barbers I go.I go.Its only 15.Its only 15.A.as B.which C.where D.that A.as B.which C.where D.that（3 3）(2009(2009 上海上海 34)Mozarts birthplace and the house 34)Mozarts birthplace and the house _ he composed The Magic Flute are both museums now.he composed The Magic Flute are both museums now.A.where B.when C.there D.which A.where B.when C.there D.which（4 4）(2009(2009 福建福建 24)Its helpful to put children in a 24)Its helpful to put children in a situation situation _they can see themselves differently.they can see themselves differently.A.that B.when C.which D.where A.that B.when C.which D.where（5 5）(2009(2009 重庆重庆 34)Life is like a long race 34)Life is like a long race _we compete we compete with others to go beyond ourselves.with others to go beyond ourselves.A.why B.what C.that D.where A.why B.what C.that D.where 2021/8/11 星期三16六六 关系代词关系代词asas1 as1 as引导限制性定语从句引导限制性定语从句 当先行词前有当先行词前有such,the samesuch,the same修饰，构成修饰，构成suchas,the suchas,the same assame as结构时。结构时。asas在定语从句中应充当成分，即主语、宾在定语从句中应充当成分，即主语、宾语或表语。语或表语。eg.eg.Dont read such books as you cant understand.Dont read such books as you cant understand.区别区别:(1)suchas:(1)suchas和和suchthatsuchthatsuchassuchas引导的是定语从句，引导的是定语从句，asas在句中充当主语，宾语或表语在句中充当主语，宾语或表语suchthatsuchthat引导的是结果状语从句，引导的是结果状语从句，thatthat从句的成分是完整的从句的成分是完整的随堂练习：随堂练习：1.It is such a big stone 1.It is such a big stone _ nobody can lift.nobody can lift.2.It is such a big stone 2.It is such a big stone _ nobody can lift it.nobody can lift it.（2 2）the sameasthe sameas和和the samethatthe samethatasas和和thatthat都引导定语从句。但都引导定语从句。但the sameasthe sameas指同类物，指同类物，the the samethatsamethat指原物指原物 asasthatthat2021/8/11 星期三17eg.Thats the same knife as I used last week.eg.Thats the same knife as I used last week.Thats the same knife that I used last week.Thats the same knife that I used last week.2 as2 as引导非限定性定语从句时与引导非限定性定语从句时与whichwhich的异同的异同共同点：共同点：asas和和whichwhich都可以指代前面整个主句。都可以指代前面整个主句。不同点：（不同点：（1 1）asas位置灵活，可以放在主句前后或中