高考英语第一轮 基础知识梳理复习Unit1 Great Scientists课件 新人教必修5.ppt
必修五Unit 1Great scientists2021/8/11 星期三1adj.显著的;1characteristic n特征;特性;特色;典型独特的2conclude vt.&vi.结束;推断出3analyse vt.分析4defeat vt.打败,战胜,使受挫n失败5attend vt.照顾;护理;出席;参加;伴随;陪伴6expose vt.暴露;揭露;使曝光2021/8/11 星期三27control vt.控制;操纵;支配;管理n控制;支配;管理;指导;限制8valuable adj.值钱的;贵重的;有用的;有价值的n(常 pl.)贵重物品9blame vt.责备;谴责;归咎n过失;责备;责难10announce vt.宣布;通告11contribute vt.&vi.捐献;贡献;捐助12reject vt.拒绝;不接受;抛弃2021/8/11 星期三3adj.显著的;1characteristic n特征;特性;特色;典型独特的例句Such bluntness has been characteristic of him.他的特性一直是非常直率。派生搭配注意character n特性;特征;(人的)品质be characteristic of.是的特性characteristic 是可数名词,而 character 作“特性;特征”讲时是不可数名词。运用完成句子(1)他的学习方法是独特的。His method of study was_.(2)他的个性体现在他的文章中。His _ came through in his writing.characteristiccharacter2021/8/11 星期三42conclude vt.&vi.结束;推断出例句The meeting concluded at 8 oclock.会议在八点钟结束。派生搭配conclusion n结论;终结conclude(sth.)with.用结束(某事)conclude.from.从中推断出conclude to do sth./that-clause 决定做某事draw/come to a conclusion 得出结论2021/8/11 星期三5运用完成句子(1)会议将以国歌结束。The meeting will _the National Anthem.(2)从这些事实中你可推断出什么?What do you _these facts?(3)我们决定帮助任何有困难的人。We _help anyone that is in trouble.(4)他根据这个理论得出了结论。He _according to the theory.conclude withconclude fromconclude todrew/came to a conclusion2021/8/11 星期三63attend vt.照顾;护理;出席;参加;伴随;陪伴例句All her friends attended her wedding.她所有的朋友都出席了她的婚礼。搭配attend sth.出席;参加attend to sth.注意;关心;仔细考虑attend on sb.看护/照料/照看某人运用完成句子(1)有很多人出席了会议。The meeting was well _.(2)如果你工作不专心,你就不会成功。If you dont_ your work,you wont succeed.(3)珍多年来一直在照料她那有病的母亲。Jane have been _ her sick mother for years.attendedattend toattending on2021/8/11 星期三7n控制;支配;4control vt.控制;操纵;支配;管理管理;指导;限制例句At that time the Romans controlled a vast empire.那时罗马人统治着一个很大的帝国。Dont worry,we have everything under control.别担心,一切都在我们掌控之中。搭配in control of 控制;支配in the control of.in ones control 在控制下under control 在掌控之中lose control of 失控;对失去控制2021/8/11 星期三8运用完成句子教师必须负责管好他的班,学生应该受老师控制,否则教学就会失败。A teacher must be _ his class and the studentsshould be_.If the teacher_ it,the teaching will fail.in control ofin the teachers controlloses control of2021/8/11 星期三9n5valuable adj.值钱的;贵重的;有用的;有价值的(常 pl.)贵重物品例句He bought me a valuable diamond ring as a birthdaypresent.他给我买了一只贵重的钻戒作生日礼物。派生搭配value n价值;估价;评价;(数)值be valuable to sb./for sb./sth.对有益/有价值be of great value(to sb./sth.)(对)很有价值2021/8/11 星期三10运用完成句子(1)这本书会对我工作很有用。The book_ me in mywork.(2)这个发现对我们的实验很有价值。This discovery is_ to our experiment.will be very valuable to/of great value toof great value2021/8/11 星期三11n过失;(对失败等的)6blame vt.责备;谴责;归咎责备;责难例句I do not blame you,but I blame myself.我不怪你,我怪我自己。搭配blame sb.for(doing)sth.责备某人(做了)某事blame sth.on sb.把某事归咎于某人身上be to blame(for.)应受谴责take the blame for 承担的责任lay/put blame on 把归咎于2021/8/11 星期三12运用完成句子(1)因为和弟弟打架,大家都责备这个男孩。Everyone _ the boy _ fighting with his brother.(2)不能把一切错误都归咎于他。We cant _ the mistakes_ him alone.(3)男子汉,大丈夫,一人做事一人当。A man should have the courage to_ what hedoes.blamedforblameontake the blame for2021/8/11 星期三13用本单元所学单词及用法完成下列句子1诚实是他的特性。Honesty is_ him.2附近的化工厂污染了这条河流。The chemical factory nearby has _ the river.3她从没照看过自己的孩子。She has never_ her kids.4从以上的事实中,我们不难得出结论:财富并不等于幸福。From the above facts,it is easy to_that wealth is not equal to happiness.characteristic ofpollutedattended ondraw/come to a conclusion2021/8/11 星期三145期末考试的成绩已揭晓。The result of the final examination_.6许多孩子害怕因讲英语时犯错误而被责备。Many children are afraid of _making mistakesin speaking English.7不久火势就被控制住了。It didnt take long before the fire was_.8他们在足球比赛中公平公正地赢了我们。They _fair and square in the football match.9我相信新鲜的空气有助于健康。Im sure plenty of fresh air _ good health.10他提供的线索很有价值。The clue he offered is_.has been announcedbeing blamed forunder controldefeated uscontributes tovaluable/of great value2021/8/11 星期三151put forward 提出;推荐,提名;提前,把(时钟)往前拨2apart from 除之外;此外3(be)strict with sb.对某人严格的4make sense 讲得通;有意义;有道理2021/8/11 星期三161put forward 提出;推荐,提名;提前,把(时钟)往前拨例句He put forward a very good suggestion at the meeting.他在会上提出了一个很好的建议。拓展put oneself/sb.forward 自荐或提名或推荐某人为某职位的候选人put sth.forward 提出;提前,把(时钟)往前拨put away 把放好/收好put off 推迟;延迟put out 熄灭put up 建立;建造put down 写下来,记入名单;结束,抑制2021/8/11 星期三17put on 穿衣服put through 做成;接通电话put up with 忍受运用完成句子(1)他提出了一个新计划。He _ a new plan.(2)我不知道他的父母是如何忍受他的行为的。I dont know how his parents_ his behavior.(3)今天可以享受的事情,不要拖到明天去。Do not _ till tomorrow what can be enjoyed today.put forwardput up withput off2021/8/11 星期三182apart from(except for)除之外;(besides)此外例句Apart from a few words,I do not know any French atall.除了很少的几个句子外,我对法语一无所知。拓展运用in addition tobesides/as well as 除此之外;此外完成句子(1)除了一些小的纰漏外,这项工作做得很好。The work is good _ a few slight faults.(2)除了名单上的名字之外,还有六个申请人。_the names on the list,thereare six other applicants.except for/apart fromIn addition to/Besides/As well as2021/8/11 星期三193(be)strict with sb.对某人严格的例句My parents are often strict with me.我父母亲经常对我严格要求。拓展运用be strict in sth.对某事严格的完成句子胡老师对工作要求严格,对我们学生也严格要求。Mr.Hu is _ his work and is also _ us students.strict instrict with2021/8/11 星期三204make sense 讲得通,有意义;有道理例句Does it make sense to let children play with matches?让小孩玩火柴有意义吗?拓展运用make no sense 讲不通;没道理完成句子你说的话没有道理。What you said_.makes no sense2021/8/11 星期三21用本单元所学短语及用法完成下列句子1他刚才所说的很有意义,我认为我们都应该认真想想他的建议。What he said just now_,and I think we should takehis suggestions seriously.2当老年人暴露在被污染的空气或水中,他们很可能会生病。When the aged people _ polluted air or water,they are likely to get sick.made senseare exposed to2021/8/11 星期三223除了结局,这个电影确实不错。_the ending,it is a really good film.4我希望老师对我们的学习严格要求。I hope the teachers _us _ our study.5以我的观点看,一个人不练习说英语就不能把它学好。From my_,one cant study English well withoutpracticing speaking it.6在会上你应该提出自己的观点。You are supposed to _your own idea at the meeting.7从地图上,你可以看到这个岛屿与那个岛屿相连。From the map,you can see this island_that one.Apart from/Except forare strict withinpoint of viewput forwardlinked to/connectedto/joined to2021/8/11 星期三23原句 1So many thousands of terrified people died everytime there was an outbreak.每次瘟疫爆发,数以千计的人在恐惧中死去。精讲every time 在此引导时间状语从句,意为“每次,每当”,类似地,immediately,the moment,instantly 等也可以引导时间状语从句,意为“一就”。2021/8/11 星期三24精练根据中文提示,完成下列句子(1)每次我去找他,他都在专心看书。_I went to see him,he was absorbed in reading.(2)我一见到她就把这本书给了她。I gave the book to her _I sawher.原句 2 He placed a fixed sun at the centre of the solar systemwith the planets going round it and only the moon still going roundthe earth.他把太阳固定在太阳系的中心位置上,而行星则围绕着太阳转,只有月球在一直围绕着地球转。Every timethe moment/immediately/instantly2021/8/11 星期三25语。精讲精练“with宾语现在分词”复合结构常在句中作状根据中文提示,完成下列句子(1)当你步入校园,在你面前是一个种着各种花草的大花坛。When you enter the school,you can see in front of you a bigflower bed _ various kinds of flowers and grass_.(2)我们看到的从深红色到深紫色的光,在日常生活中为我们服务。The light we see,_deep red to deepviolet,serves us in daily lives.withgrowing in itwith its colors ranging from2021/8/11 星期三26运用所学语言基础知识,补充完整下面短文,并背诵之Throughout history,scientists have(1)_(做出巨大贡献)to the world.In my opinion,scientists are those who(2)_(严格要求)their work and are always(3)_(专注于)everythingthey do.A good scientist never jumps to a conclusion.Instead,he(4)_(小心谨慎)every conclusion he draws so that hedoes experiments(5)_(一 次 又 一 次)to test themade great contributionsare strict in absorbed inis cautious of again and again 2021/8/11 星期三27theory he has(6)_(提出)Scientists(7)_(牢记)that a theory(8)_(毫无意义)if it cant helpthe world that is(9)_(暴 露 在)unexpected dangers.Inaddition,a good theory must be a base on which other ideas can bebuilt.Because of this,its not rare for us to find scientists who(10)_(一生奉献给)a universal theory.put forwardkeep it in mindmakes no senseexposed to devote all their life to 2021/8/11 星期三28听说考试“故事复述”备考指导(四)4“故事复述”注意事项(1)抓住套路,套用模板。故事的线索离不开“起因、经过、结果”,若含有对故事中心思想的点拨,在复述时也要概括。例:(原文)That day,I saw the patience of a young wife describingpaintings to a person without sight and the courage of a husband whowould not allow blindness to change his life.And I saw the love sharedby the two people as I watched this couple walk away hand in hand.2021/8/11 星期三29作者通常会在故事的末尾简单点拨该故事的思想意义,考生在复述时也要简单提及,这样才能体现故事的完整性。概括中心思想时,可尝试抓住原文的名词或形容词,如本文的中心思想关键词是“patience,courage,love”。参考答案:On the very day,I learn the patience of a young wife,thecourage of a man without sight and the love shared by a couple.(2)使用间接引语复述故事中的对话。复述时,可使用间接引语概括对话的主要内容,这样既客观又简练。考生可灵活使用一些表示“说”“知道、得知”的2021/8/11 星期三30动词及其宾语从句引出对话内容。如:say,tell sb.that,ask sb.疑问词,add that(补充说),shout to sb.that,learn from sb.that,know that,realize that 等。(3)理清人物关系。故事类的文章经常出现多个人物、人物对话以及人物的心理描述等,考生要分清人物关系以及他们各自所说的话。在对话中,不一定每个人物说话前都会出现“the man said,the ladyreplied”等旁白,因此学生要根据情节与逻辑,理清故事的发展脉络。2021/8/11 星期三31(4)态度要客观,忠诚于原文。考生要客观地复述故事,以事论事,不能增加原文没提及的信息,不能改变故事的发展情节,不能对故事发表个人主观的意见或建议。但必须注意,若故事以第一人称“I”进行复述,不必改写为“the author,the writer”。2021/8/11 星期三32基础思路点拨五记叙文写作技巧记叙文是记人叙事的文章,它主要是用于说明事件的时间、背景、起因、过程及结果,即我们通常所说的五个“W”(what,who,when,where,why)和一个“H”(how)。记叙文的重点在于“述说”和“描写”,因此一篇好的记叙文要叙述条理清楚,描写生动形象。2021/8/11 星期三33一、记叙文的特点1叙述的人称英语的记叙文一般是以第一或第三人称的角度来叙述的。2.动词的时态记叙文中用得最多的是动词的过去时,这是英语记叙文区别于汉语记叙文的关键之处。英语写作的优美之处就在于这些动词时态的变化,正是这一点才使得所记、所叙有鲜活的动态感、鲜明的层次感和立体感。2021/8/11 星期三343.叙述的顺序记叙一件事要有一定的顺序。无论是顺叙、倒叙、插叙还是补叙,都要让读者能弄清事情的来龙去脉。顺叙最容易操作,较容易给读者提供有关事情的空间和时间线索。但这种方法也容易使文章显得平铺直叙,读起来平淡乏味。倒叙、插叙、补叙等叙述方法能有效地提高文章的结构效果,让所叙之事跌宕起伏,使读者在阅读时思维产生较大的跳跃,从而为文章所吸引,深入其中。4.叙述的过渡过渡在上下文中起着承上启下、融会贯通的作用。过渡往往用在地点转移或时间、事件转换以及由概括说明到具体叙述时。2021/8/11 星期三35二、写好记叙文的基本要领1.头绪分明,脉络清楚写好记叙文,首先要头绪分明,脉络清楚,明确文章要求写什么。要对所写的事件或人物进行分析,弄清事件发生、发展一直到结束的整个过程,然后再选取素材。这些素材都应该跟上述五个“W”和一个“H”有关。尽管不是每篇记叙文里都必须包括这些“W”和“H”,但动笔之前,围绕五个“W”和“H”进行构思是必不可少的。2021/8/11 星期三362.突出中心,详略得当在文章的框架确定后,对支持故事的素材的选取是很关键的。选材要注意取舍,应该从表现文章主题的需要出发,分清主次,定好详略。要突出重点,详写细述那些能表现文章主题的重要情节,略写粗述那些非关键的次要情节。面面俱到反而使情节罗列化,使人不得要领。2021/8/11 星期三372021/8/11 星期三38