2012届高考英语非谓语动词语法专项精讲精练课件ppt.ppt

1.to do 2.-ing 3.done2012届高考英语非谓语动届高考英语非谓语动词语法专项精讲精练课件词语法专项精讲精练课件非谓语不定式（不定式（to do)V-ingV-edas a nounas adj.or adv.现在分词现在分词动名词动名词过去分词过去分词非谓语动词非谓语动词 的分类的分类使用条件使用条件一个句子一个句子当中，已经存在一个当中，已经存在一个主主句句（谓语（谓语动词）动词）,又没有连词又没有连词的情的情况下况下,还有别的动词出现时还有别的动词出现时,这些这些动词就充当了动词就充当了非谓语动词非谓语动词.非谓语动词的非谓语动词的1.Tom returned from the managers office,telling me that the boss wanted to see me at once.2.The news meeting,to be held in that hall,has already been crowded with reporters.3.I heard the girl singing in the classroom.4.The man talking with my father is Mr.Wang.5.To live is to struggle.(生活就是斗争。生活就是斗争。)找出下列句子中的非谓语动词（含短语）找出下列句子中的非谓语动词（含短语）非谓语动词的句法作用非非谓语谓语动词动词主主语语宾语宾语表表语语定定语语宾补宾补状状语语不定式不定式动动名名词词现现在分在分词词过过去分去分词词高考热点下面从二个方面来复习非谓语动词下面从二个方面来复习非谓语动词1.非谓语动词的七大经典原则非谓语动词的七大经典原则2.非谓语动词解题四大步骤非谓语动词解题四大步骤非谓语动词题的做题技巧非谓语动词题的做题技巧一一.非谓语动词的非谓语动词的 七大经典原则七大经典原则原则一：用作目的状语，原则上要用不定式原则一：用作目的状语，原则上要用不定式原则二：用作伴随状语，原则上要用现在分词原则二：用作伴随状语，原则上要用现在分词原则三：用作结果状语时，可用原则三：用作结果状语时，可用-ing或不定式或不定式原则四：凡是含有被动意义时，原则上要用过去分词。原则四：凡是含有被动意义时，原则上要用过去分词。原则五：非谓语动词作状语时，其逻辑主语原则上应原则五：非谓语动词作状语时，其逻辑主语原则上应与与 主句主语保持一致主句主语保持一致原则六：强调动作发生在主句谓语动作之前时，原则上原则六：强调动作发生在主句谓语动作之前时，原则上要用完成式要用完成式原则七：用于名词后作定语时，原则是：用不定式，原则七：用于名词后作定语时，原则是：用不定式，表示动作尚未发生表示动作尚未发生;用用-ing，表示动作正在进行，表示动作正在进行;用用过去分词，表示动作已经发生，同时表示被动意义过去分词，表示动作已经发生，同时表示被动意义英语非谓语动词题的七条经典原则英语非谓语动词题的七条经典原则原则一：原则一：用作目的状语，原则上要用不定式用作目的状语，原则上要用不定式1.When asked why he went there，he said he was sent there _ for a space flight.A.training B.being trained C.to have trained D.to be trained【解析解析】由于进行航空飞行训练是他被派往那儿的由于进行航空飞行训练是他被派往那儿的目的，所以要用不定式，因此可排除目的，所以要用不定式，因此可排除 A 和和 B。另外，由于另外，由于“他他”与与“训练训练”为被动关系，为被动关系，故选故选 D。2._ this cake，youll need 2 eggs，175 g sugar and 175 g flour.A.Having made B.Make C.To make D.Making 3.As the light turned green，I stood for a moment，not _，and asked myself what I was going to do.A.moved B.moving C.to move D.Being moved【解析解析】由于与句子主语之间为主动关系，且表示当由于与句子主语之间为主动关系，且表示当 时持续了一会时持续了一会 儿，故用儿，故用-ing。句意为：当信号灯变绿。句意为：当信号灯变绿时，我站在那儿一会儿没动，心想自己该怎么办。时，我站在那儿一会儿没动，心想自己该怎么办。原则二原则二：用作伴随状语，原则上要用用作伴随状语，原则上要用-ing.-ing.4.He sat _ to her _ the stairs.A.to listen;to climb B.listening;to climb C.listening;climb D.listening;to climbing【解析解析】listen是伴随是伴随sat而同时由主语而同时由主语he发出的，发出的，所以用所以用-ing作伴随状语；作伴随状语；listen to 后跟不带后跟不带to的的不定式不定式/-ing作宾补作宾补。listen to do/doing 用括号里的词的适当形式填空用括号里的词的适当形式填空1.Write to the editor,_that the editor would be able to help her（hope）2.She reached the top of the hill and stopped there _ on a big rock(rest )3.The secretary worked late into night ,_ a long speech.(prepare)4._ warm,we shut all the windows.(keep)preparingto resthopingTo keep,ing,ing形式作伴随状语与形式作伴随状语与 to doto do作目的状语的区别：作目的状语的区别：作伴随状语的作伴随状语的inging形式与谓语动词的动作同时发生且形式与谓语动词的动作同时发生且前面常常带一逗号前面常常带一逗号;而作目的状语的不定式的动作要比而作目的状语的不定式的动作要比谓语动词的动作后发生前面不能用逗号。谓语动词的动作后发生前面不能用逗号。原则三：原则三：用作结果状语时，可用用作结果状语时，可用-ing-ing或不定式，其原则或不定式，其原则区别是，一般用区别是，一般用-ing-ing，表示一定逻辑的结果，即结果在，表示一定逻辑的结果，即结果在意料之中。不定式用作结果状语表示非逻辑的结果，即意料之中。不定式用作结果状语表示非逻辑的结果，即结果在意料之外结果在意料之外。5.The glass doors have taken the place of the wooden ones at the entrance，_ in the natural light during the day.A.to let B.letting C.let D.having let 【解析解析 此处用此处用-ing 表示自然而然的结果。表示自然而然的结果。如：如：It rained heavily，causing severe flooding in that place.大雨滂沱，造成了那个地方洪水泛滥。大雨滂沱，造成了那个地方洪水泛滥。6.Oil prices have risen by 32 percent since the start of the year，_ a record US$57.65 a barrel on April 4.A.have reached B.reaching C.to reach D.to be reaching 8.He hurried to the booking office only _ that all the tickets had been sold out.A.to tell B.to be told C.telling D.told 7.He hurried to the station,only _ that the train had left.A.to find B.finding C.found D.to have found【解析解析】only to do sth 在此表示出人意料的结果。在此表示出人意料的结果。原则四原则四：凡是含有被动意义时，原则上要用过去分词。凡是含有被动意义时，原则上要用过去分词。但是，如果所涉及的动作尚未发生，则用不定式的被动但是，如果所涉及的动作尚未发生，则用不定式的被动式；如果所涉及的动作正在进行，则用式；如果所涉及的动作正在进行，则用-ing-ing的被动式的被动式.9.The children talked so loudly at dinner table that I had to struggle _.A.to be heard B.to have heard C.hearing D.being heard【解析解析】根据句意，此处指的是根据句意，此处指的是“被听见被听见”，故要用被，故要用被 动式，因动式，因可排除可排除 B B 和和 C C。另外，由于。另外，由于“设法被听见设法被听见”为目的状语，动作为目的状语，动作当时尚未发生，故用不定式，即选当时尚未发生，故用不定式，即选 A A。10.At the beginning of class,the noise of desks _ could be heard outside the classroom.A.opened and closed B.to be opened and closed C.being opened and closed D.to open and close【解析解析】of 后应接后应接-ing，desks 与与open and close 之间存之间存在逻辑上的被动关系，又因在逻辑上的被动关系，又因could be heard，所以选，所以选-ing的被动式表正在被进行的动作。的被动式表正在被进行的动作。of11.When she came in,she was surprised to find a stranger _ at the back of the classroom with his eyes_upon her.A.seating;fixing B.to seat;fixingC.having seated;fixed D.seated;fixed a stranger his eyessittingseat vt.I seated myself.=I was seated.=I sat downfix ones eyes upon原则五：非谓语动词作状语时，其逻辑主语原则原则五：非谓语动词作状语时，其逻辑主语原则上应与主句主语保持一致上应与主句主语保持一致.12.Faced with a bill for$10,000，_.A.John has taken an extra job B.the boss has given John an extra job C.an extra job has been taken D.an extra job has been given to John(be)faced withFaced with13.While watching television，_.A.the door bell rang B.the doorbell rings C.we heard the doorbell ring D.we heard the doorbell rings【解析解析】因为因为 watching 的逻辑主语一定是人，排除选的逻辑主语一定是人，排除选项项 A 和和 B；又因在；又因在hear后作宾补的是省略了后作宾补的是省略了 to 的不定的不定式，式，所以选项所以选项 D 中的中的 rings 是错误的。是错误的。watching原则六：强调动作发生在主句谓语动作之前时，原则上原则六：强调动作发生在主句谓语动作之前时，原则上要用完成式（根据情况要用完成式（根据情况可用不定式的完可用不定式的完成式或成式或inging的的完成式）完成式）14._ from other continents for millions of years，Australia has many plants and animals not found in any other countries in the world.A.Being separated B.Having separatedC.Having been separated D.to be separated【解析解析】因为因为 Australia 与与 separate 是被动关系，且是被动关系，且 separate发生在谓语动词发生在谓语动词 has 之前，所以用之前，所以用-ing的完成的完成被动式作原因状语。被动式作原因状语。has15.The manager，_ it clear to us that he didnt agree with us，left the meeting room.A.who has made B.having made C.made D.making【解析解析】因为因为 The manager 与与 make 是主动关系，且是主动关系，且 make 发生在谓语发生在谓语 left 之前，所以用之前，所以用-ing的完成式作状的完成式作状语，语，having made.相当于相当于 who had made.的意思。的意思。left原则七：用于名词后作定语时，原则是：原则七：用于名词后作定语时，原则是：用不定式，表示动作尚未发生用不定式，表示动作尚未发生;用用-ing-ing，表示动作正在进行，表示动作正在进行;用过去分词，表示动作被动、完成。用过去分词，表示动作被动、完成。17.There will be more than three hundred scientists attending the meeting _ the day after tomorrow.A.hold B.holding C.held D.to be held 18.There are hundreds of visitors _ in front of the Art Gallery to have a look at Van Goghs paintings.A.waited B.to wait C.waiting D.wait the meeting the day after tomorrowvisitors19.“Things _ never come again!”I couldnt help talking to myself.A.lost B.losing C.to lost D.have lost 20.The last one _ pays the meal.Agreed!A.arrived B.arrives C.to arrive D.arriving ThingsThe last onelose vt.lose sb/sth注：受注：受 the first，the second.the last 修饰修饰的名词或代词后原则上要用不定式作定语。的名词或代词后原则上要用不定式作定语。You are the second to make that mistake.你是第二个犯这错误的人。你是第二个犯这错误的人。原则一：用作目的状语，原则一：用作目的状语，原则二：用作伴随状语，原则二：用作伴随状语，原则三：用作结果状语，原则三：用作结果状语，原则四：凡是含有被动意义时，原则四：凡是含有被动意义时，原则五：非谓语动词作状语时，原则五：非谓语动词作状语时，原则六：强调动作发生在主句谓语动作原则六：强调动作发生在主句谓语动作 之前时，之前时，原则七：用于名词后作定语时，原则七：用于名词后作定语时，原则一：用作目的状语，原则上用不定式原则一：用作目的状语，原则上用不定式.原则二：用作伴随状语，原则上用原则二：用作伴随状语，原则上用-ing.-ing.原则三：用作结果状语，可用原则三：用作结果状语，可用-ing/to do,-ing/to do,原则区别是：原则区别是：-ing-ing 表示一定逻辑的结果，表示一定逻辑的结果，to do to do 表示非逻辑的结果。表示非逻辑的结果。原则四原则四:凡是有被动意义时，原则上要用过去分词。凡是有被动意义时，原则上要用过去分词。如果动作尚未发生，则用不定式的被动形式；如果动作尚未发生，则用不定式的被动形式；如果动作正在进行，则用如果动作正在进行，则用-ing-ing的被动形式。的被动形式。原则五：非谓语动词作状语时，原则上其逻辑主语应与原则五：非谓语动词作状语时，原则上其逻辑主语应与主句主语保持一致。主句主语保持一致。原则六：强调动作发生在主句谓语动作之前，原则上原则六：强调动作发生在主句谓语动作之前，原则上要用完成式（要用完成式（-ing-ing 的完成式或不定式的完成式）的完成式或不定式的完成式）原则七：用于名词后作定语，原则是：不定式表示动作原则七：用于名词后作定语，原则是：不定式表示动作尚未发生；尚未发生；-ing-ing表示动作正在进行：过去分词表示动作完表示动作正在进行：过去分词表示动作完成，被动。成，被动。二二.非谓语动词解题非谓语动词解题四大步骤四大步骤（一）分析句子结构（一）分析句子结构,辨别辨别“谓语与非谓语谓语与非谓语”1._many times,but he still couldnt understand it.2._ many times,he still couldnt understand it.A.Having been told B.Being told C.He had been told D.Though he was toldC_A注意连词注意连词3.It _ a hot day,wed better go swimming.4._ a rainy day;we decided not to go there.A.is B.to be C.beingD.It being E.It was F.beenCE注意标点符号注意标点符号 （二）找逻辑主语（二）找逻辑主语1.Walking along the street one day,she saw a little girl running up to her.2.She is reading a book found on the way.3.Most of the artists invited to the party were from South Africa.一般来说，一般来说，非谓语动词非谓语动词作状语作状语,逻逻辑主语是辑主语是句子的主语；句子的主语；非谓语动词非谓语动词作宾补作宾补,逻辑主语是逻辑主语是宾语；宾语；非谓语动词非谓语动词作定语作定语,逻辑主语是逻辑主语是被修饰词被修饰词。分析语态就是在确定逻辑主语之后，分析非分析语态就是在确定逻辑主语之后，分析非谓语动词和逻辑主语在搭配使用时是谓语动词和逻辑主语在搭配使用时是主动主动还还是是被动被动关系。关系。1._from space,the earth looks blue.2._from space,we can see the earth is blue.A.Seen B.Seeing C.To see D.SeeAB解析：句解析：句1.1.“地球地球”被被“看起来看起来”，表，表被动被动，故选，故选A A，用过去分词表被动。用过去分词表被动。句句2.2.我们我们 主动看主动看.即表即表主动主动，故选，故选B B。（三）分析语态三）分析语态 A.to take B.taking C.to be taken D.takenD BEverythingthey1._ everything into consideration,they ought to have another chance.2.Everything _into consideration,they ought to have another chance.（四）（四）分析时态分析时态1.The building _ now will be a restaurant.2.The building _ next year will be a restaurant.3.The building _ last year is a restaurant.A.having been built B.to be built C.being built D.built _C _B_D二二.找逻辑主语找逻辑主语三、分析语态三、分析语态四、分析时态四、分析时态一一.辨别辨别“谓与非谓谓与非谓”三三.非谓语动词解题步骤非谓语动词解题步骤方法总结：方法总结：谓非谓，找主语，析语态，定时态谓非谓，找主语，析语态，定时态PracticeChallenge yourself!1.A railway station is no place for a child _ alone at night.A.leave B.leaving C.to be leaving D.to be left2.We were warned _ the fish which might give us a slight stomach upset.A.not to eat B.not eating C.to eat not D.eating not3._ themselves awake they sat on the floor and told each other stories.A.Keep B.Keeping C.To keep D.To have kept4._ these children _ what you want is a science I can tell you!A.Getting;done B.Get;done C.To get;to do D.Getting;to do5.When youre learning to drive，_ a good teacher makes a big difference.A.have B.having C.and have D.and having6.A few days after the interview，I received a letter _ me the job.A.offered B.offering C.to be offering D.having offered7.The plane crashed，_ all 200 people aboard.A.killed B.having killed C.killing D.had killed8.He was always the first _ and the last _ the office.A.to come，to leave B.coming，leaving C.to come，left D.coming，left9.Robert is said _ one of my classmates the other day，but I dont know who she is.A.to marry B.to have married C.to be marrying D.being married10.With everything she needed_,she left the shop.A.buying B.to buy C.bought D.to be boughtThank you!