虚拟语气讲义--高三英语二轮复习.docx

虚拟语气英语中有四种语气：陈述语气、疑问语气、祈使语气、虚拟语气，表 示不能实现的愿望或与事实相反的假设，要用虚拟语气。（一）虚拟语气在非真实条件句的用法从句谓语形式主句谓语形式例句与现在事 实相反过去式（be用were）should/would/could/mi ght+动词原形If 1 were you, 1 would take action right away. 如果我是你，我会立即 采取行动。与过去事 实相反had+过去分词should/would/could/mi ght+have+过去分词If you had got up earlier, you would have caught the train. 如果你早点起来，你就 会赶上火车了。与将来事 实相反过去式“be用were” should+动词原形（此 时should不能省略，而 且不能用 would/could/might） were to+动词原形should/would/could/mi ght+动词原形If you should fail, what would you do ?万一失败了，你准备怎 么办？（二）虚拟条件的三种特殊形式.省略if的虚拟语气如果if从句中含有were/had/should,则可以把if省略，把这三个词置 于句首形成倒装句。had必须是助动词才可以倒装。eg. If you had enough money, what would you buy?如果你有足够的钱, 你会买什么？ （had “有"，实义动词，不能提前构成倒装）If it were Sunday tomorrow, we should go to the Great Wall.一Were it Sunday tomorrow, we should go to the Great Wall.（要是明天是星期日，我们就能去长城了）If you had taken my advice, you wouldn't have failed in the exam.一Had you taken my advice, you wouldn't have failed in the exam.如果你听从了我的建议，你就不会考试不及格了。1 .错综时间条件句有些条件句的动作与主句动作发生的时间不一致，这种句中被称作 “错综时间条件句”，主句和从句的动作形式应根据他们各自表示时间做出相应的调整。解答此类题型时，一定要找准主从句所对应的时间，再分别对照主从句的谓语动词形式。eg. If you had prepared in advance, you wouldn't be in such an awkward position now.如果你事先做好准备，现在就不至于那么被动。（从句表示的情况与 过去事实相反，主句表示的情况与现在事实相反）.含蓄条件句有些句子中假设的情况不是以if条件从句表示，而是隐含在某些词、 短语或上下文中，这类句子被称作含蓄条件句。（1）用but、for、without等介词（短语）表示条件eg. But for the rain, we should have had a pleasant journey.要不是下雨，我们会有一次愉快的旅行。（2）用连词otherwise/or等暗示后文与前文的情况相反，引出后文虚 拟语气。eg. There was a traffic jam on the way, otherwise I would have arrived an hour ago.路上堵车，要不然我一小时前就到了。（3）虚拟条件通过but暗示出来，but前为虚拟语气，后面为真实情 况。（即一半虚拟，一半陈述句语序）eg. I should have given you more help, but I was too busy.我本该多帮帮你，但我太忙了。（三）虚拟语气的其他情况.虚拟语气在wish、as if> if only （要是就好了）后面的从句中的运用表示与现在事实相反的愿望，用一般过去时（be用were）表示与过去事实相反的愿望，用had done表示与将来事实相反的愿望，用would/could+v （注：一般不用 should/might）eg. I wish he were with us at this special moment.我希望这个特殊时刻他和我们在一起。She wished she would be admitted to Peking University this year.她希望今年能被北大录取。People treat him as if he were a dangerous person.人们把他看作一个危险人物。He talks as if he had been to many countries.他说起话来好像他去过好多国家似的。He failed in the exam again. If only he had worked harder.他考试又失败了，要是他早努力些就好了。1 .虚拟语气用于表示“要求、命令、建议、意图、决定、推荐”的词 后的名词性从句中，这些词有：一坚持：insist （insist表示“坚持说”时，从句用陈述语气）二命令：order> command四建议：suggest> advise> propose> recommend （suggest 表示“暗示、 表明”时，从句用陈述语气）五要求：ask、demand、request、urge这些动词和其对应名词后接名词性从句时，从句谓语动词用u should+V ”eg. He demanded that he （should） be told everything.他要求将一切告诉他（宾语从句）My request is that you （should） make an apology to your teacher.我的要求是你要向你的老师道歉（表语从句）We all agreed to his suggestion that we （should） go out for a picnic.我们都同意他的建议去晚餐（同位语从句）It is advised that the meeting （should） be put off until next week.有人建议会议推迟到下周举行（主语从句）.虚拟语气用在would rather后的宾语从句中表示现在或将来的情况，用过去式（be用were）一表示过去的情况，用had doneeg. I'd rather that you came tomorrow.（我宁愿你明天来）I'd rather that you had come yersterday.（你昨天来了该多好）.虚拟语气用于定语从句中It's high/about time that句型中，从句谓语动词用一般过去式或 should+v,句意为“确实到了的时候了" （should不可省略）。It is high time that we took some measures to solve the problem.2 .虚拟语气用在“Itis+adj/n+that从句”中，从句谓语动词用 “should+v”，should带有感情色彩，意为“竟然、应该”。常用 adj： necessary> important> vital> strange> natural> essential 等y 常用 n： a pity> a shame> a surprise> a wonder 等eg. It's necessary that you (should) seize every possible chance.你抓除的每一次可能的机会是很有必要的。It is strange that the meeting should be put off till next week.那个会议竟然推迟到下周了，真奇怪。以上句型也可用于陈述语气：eg. It's strange that he didn!t come yersterday.It's a pity that you can't dance.