英语概要作文写作技巧ppt课件.ppt

经营者提供商品或者服务有欺诈行为的，应当按照消费者的要求增加赔偿其受到的损失，增加赔偿的金额为消费者购买商品的价款或接受服务的费用Summary WritingChapter 5经营者提供商品或者服务有欺诈行为的，应当按照消费者的要求增加赔偿其受到的损失，增加赔偿的金额为消费者购买商品的价款或接受服务的费用Objectives 1.1.Give an appropriate definition for a summary2.2.Know the characteristics of a good summary3.3.Learn the techniques in summary writing4.4.Learn the steps in summary writing5.5.Practice 经营者提供商品或者服务有欺诈行为的，应当按照消费者的要求增加赔偿其受到的损失，增加赔偿的金额为消费者购买商品的价款或接受服务的费用I.What is a summary?n nA summary is a shortened passage,which retains the essential information of the original.It is a fairly brief restatement-in your own words-of the contents of a passage.n nNote:you simply report back what the writer has said,without making value judgments.经营者提供商品或者服务有欺诈行为的，应当按照消费者的要求增加赔偿其受到的损失，增加赔偿的金额为消费者购买商品的价款或接受服务的费用II.Characteristics of a good summaryn nCan be understood without reference to the original;n nIs a faithful reproduction of,or contains only the ideas or information of,the original;n nIs brief without any unnecessary detail;n nIs a readable unified whole经营者提供商品或者服务有欺诈行为的，应当按照消费者的要求增加赔偿其受到的损失，增加赔偿的金额为消费者购买商品的价款或接受服务的费用III.Techniques in summary writing1.1.ParaphrasingTo paraphrase means to completely and correctly express other peoples ideas in ones own words.经营者提供商品或者服务有欺诈行为的，应当按照消费者的要求增加赔偿其受到的损失，增加赔偿的金额为消费者购买商品的价款或接受服务的费用Examples:1.You 1.You ve cooked us all ve cooked us all a hot potatoa hot potato.(a troublesome person or issue)(a troublesome person or issue)2.Prevention is better than cure.2.Prevention is better than cure.（预防胜于治疗。）（预防胜于治疗。）(It is better to prevent something unpleasant from(It is better to prevent something unpleasant from happening than try to put it right afterwards.)happening than try to put it right afterwards.)经营者提供商品或者服务有欺诈行为的，应当按照消费者的要求增加赔偿其受到的损失，增加赔偿的金额为消费者购买商品的价款或接受服务的费用It helps us understand the original better.It helps us grasp the central idea and the main points.It helps us write summaries that are brief and to the point,and in our own words.The importance of paraphrasing经营者提供商品或者服务有欺诈行为的，应当按照消费者的要求增加赔偿其受到的损失，增加赔偿的金额为消费者购买商品的价款或接受服务的费用Read the original carefully and comprehend its meaning wholly and correctly.Consider the original article as a whole,not in isolated sentences.Steps of paraphrasing经营者提供商品或者服务有欺诈行为的，应当按照消费者的要求增加赔偿其受到的损失，增加赔偿的金额为消费者购买商品的价款或接受服务的费用1.First,try to find the main idea in the reading;its usually in the first paragraph.Next,skim through the article,glancing at any headings and graphics.Then,read the conclusion.The intent here is both to give yourself a review of the work and t o effectively engage yourself with it.III.Techniques in summary writing经营者提供商品或者服务有欺诈行为的，应当按照消费者的要求增加赔偿其受到的损失，增加赔偿的金额为消费者购买商品的价款或接受服务的费用n n2.Then go back and read the original text carefully,jotting down（草草记下）notes on or highlighting the important points.Write the central idea and the authors reasons(purpose and intent)for holding this viewpoint.Note the supporting elements the author uses to explain or back up her/his main information or claim.经营者提供商品或者服务有欺诈行为的，应当按照消费者的要求增加赔偿其受到的损失，增加赔偿的金额为消费者购买商品的价款或接受服务的费用n n3.Make an outline that includes the main idea and the supporting details.Arrange your information in a logical order,for example,most to least important or chronological.Your order need not be the same as that in the original,but keep related supporting points together.The way you organize the outline may serve as a model for how you divide and write the essay.经营者提供商品或者服务有欺诈行为的，应当按照消费者的要求增加赔偿其受到的损失，增加赔偿的金额为消费者购买商品的价款或接受服务的费用n n4.Write the summary,making sure to state the authors name in the first sentence.Present the main idea,followed by the supporting points.The remainder of your summary should focus on how the author supports,defines,and/or illustrates that main idea.Remember,unless otherwise stated by your instructor,a summary should contain only the authors views,so try to be as objective as possible.经营者提供商品或者服务有欺诈行为的，应当按照消费者的要求增加赔偿其受到的损失，增加赔偿的金额为消费者购买商品的价款或接受服务的费用n n5.As you revise and edit your summary,compare it to the original and ask yourself questions such as:Have I rephrased the authors words without changing their meaning?Have I restated the main idea and the supporting points accurately and in my own words?经营者提供商品或者服务有欺诈行为的，应当按照消费者的要求增加赔偿其受到的损失，增加赔偿的金额为消费者购买商品的价款或接受服务的费用n n6.If you are asked to write a critical summary or to include a critique,you may want to ask yourself questions such as:Does the author succeed?How and why or why not?What are the strengths,weaknesses?Why?What did the author do well?Not well?Why?经营者提供商品或者服务有欺诈行为的，应当按照消费者的要求增加赔偿其受到的损失，增加赔偿的金额为消费者购买商品的价款或接受服务的费用1.Use synonyms or synonymous phrasesHe had a good command of English.(He knew English well.)2.Change the structure of simple sentencesMy brother has an appreciation of modern art.(My brother appreciates modern art.)Ways of condensation经营者提供商品或者服务有欺诈行为的，应当按照消费者的要求增加赔偿其受到的损失，增加赔偿的金额为消费者购买商品的价款或接受服务的费用3.Turn complex sentences into simple sentencesHe received a welcome that was as cold as ice.(He received an icy welcome.)4.Combine the sentencesHurry up.If you dont,youll miss the train.(Hurry up or youll miss the train.)经营者提供商品或者服务有欺诈行为的，应当按照消费者的要求增加赔偿其受到的损失，增加赔偿的金额为消费者购买商品的价款或接受服务的费用n nWrite a summary on how to manage your Write a summary on how to manage your financesfinances n nWhen youre away from home,your parents expect When youre away from home,your parents expect you to be responsible for yourself and this includes you to be responsible for yourself and this includes taking care of your own finances.To manage your taking care of your own finances.To manage your money sensibly,you need a plan to work with.Write money sensibly,you need a plan to work with.Write down your allowance and expenses for the month.down your allowance and expenses for the month.What you are doing is actually budgeting your What you are doing is actually budgeting your income.Make sure that you set aside a small amount income.Make sure that you set aside a small amount for your savings.One way of cutting cost is eating in.for your savings.One way of cutting cost is eating in.It is cheaper than eating out.Moreover,by cooking It is cheaper than eating out.Moreover,by cooking your own meals,you have greater control over your own meals,you have greater control over 经营者提供商品或者服务有欺诈行为的，应当按照消费者的要求增加赔偿其受到的损失，增加赔偿的金额为消费者购买商品的价款或接受服务的费用n nwhat you eat.Besides that,if you know of friends what you eat.Besides that,if you know of friends who live in the same area as you,you might want to who live in the same area as you,you might want to consider driving to college together.This saves on consider driving to college together.This saves on petrol and parking.In addition,when you shop for petrol and parking.In addition,when you shop for household items,compare prices from one shop to household items,compare prices from one shop to another before making your purchase.If you can,another before making your purchase.If you can,wait for sales when you can get better discounts.wait for sales when you can get better discounts.However,sales where prices are marked down However,sales where prices are marked down incredibly can sometimes tempt you to buy things incredibly can sometimes tempt you to buy things which you dont really need.Therefore,be careful and which you dont really need.Therefore,be careful and dont give in to temptation.dont give in to temptation.n nYour summary must:Your summary must:n n*not be more than 60 wordsnot be more than 60 words,including the 10,including the 10 words given belowwords given below：n nTo manage your money sensibly,you must first start To manage your money sensibly,you must first start with.with.经营者提供商品或者服务有欺诈行为的，应当按照消费者的要求增加赔偿其受到的损失，增加赔偿的金额为消费者购买商品的价款或接受服务的费用n nAnswer：To manage your money sensibly,you must first start with a plan.Write out your budget and put aside a set amount for savings.You can save money by eating in and carpooling.Besides that,before buying household items,compare prices first.If possible,wait for sales but do not be tempted to buy what you do not need.(59 words)经营者提供商品或者服务有欺诈行为的，应当按照消费者的要求增加赔偿其受到的损失，增加赔偿的金额为消费者购买商品的价款或接受服务的费用n nWrite a summary on how we can attract more tourists to Write a summary on how we can attract more tourists to our countryour countryn n One of the many sources of revenue for the country is One of the many sources of revenue for the country is tourism.Malaysia has lots to offer the world.We have tourism.Malaysia has lots to offer the world.We have beautiful beaches,lush jungles,cool mountain retreats and beautiful beaches,lush jungles,cool mountain retreats and modern cities.However,to further capitalize on tourism,modern cities.However,to further capitalize on tourism,there are a few areas that must be looked into.Firstly,we there are a few areas that must be looked into.Firstly,we must expose people from foreign countries to what we can must expose people from foreign countries to what we can offer.We can do this by holding exhibitions overseas.offer.We can do this by holding exhibitions overseas.Organizers of such exhibitions can offer a glimpse into what Organizers of such exhibitions can offer a glimpse into what we have in our country.They can offer attractive four we have in our country.They can offer attractive four packages that would definitely lure tourists here.The mass packages that would definitely lure tourists here.The mass media too can play an important role.The Internet,media too can play an important role.The Internet,television and the newspaper offer an alternative mode of television and the newspaper offer an alternative mode of advertising the country to the world.Besides that,advertising the country to the world.Besides that,newspapers and television can be used to show the world newspapers and television can be used to show the world the wonders found in our country.the wonders found in our country.经营者提供商品或者服务有欺诈行为的，应当按照消费者的要求增加赔偿其受到的损失，增加赔偿的金额为消费者购买商品的价款或接受服务的费用n nOn the homeground,multiethnic cultural shows can On the homeground,multiethnic cultural shows can be presented to woo foreign tourists to the country.be presented to woo foreign tourists to the country.People who come from other countries would People who come from other countries would definitely like to see the different cultural and definitely like to see the different cultural and traditional practices here.However,what is most traditional practices here.However,what is most important is to make sure that the facilities in our important is to make sure that the facilities in our country,like public transport and accommodation,are country,like public transport and accommodation,are of a reasonable and respectable standard.this is to of a reasonable and respectable standard.this is to ensure a pleasant and memorable stay for our ensure a pleasant and memorable stay for our visitors.visitors.n nYour summary must:Your summary must:*not be more than 60 wordsnot be more than 60 words,including the 10 words given below:including the 10 words given below:There are many There are many ways of attracting tourists to our country.ways of attracting tourists to our country.经营者提供商品或者服务有欺诈行为的，应当按照消费者的要求增加赔偿其受到的损失，增加赔偿的金额为消费者购买商品的价款或接受服务的费用n nAnswer：There are many ways of attracting tourists to our country.For one,we can organize exhibitions abroad.Through these fairs,we can offer attractive tour packages.Besides that,the mass media plays an important role in promoting Malaysias holiday destinations.In Malaysia itself,we can hold cultural shows.Most importantly,we must ensure that our facilities are up to standard.(60 words)经营者提供商品或者服务有欺诈行为的，应当按照消费者的要求增加赔偿其受到的损失，增加赔偿的金额为消费者购买商品的价款或接受服务的费用Chapter SixnComposing Essays经营者提供商品或者服务有欺诈行为的，应当按照消费者的要求增加赔偿其受到的损失，增加赔偿的金额为消费者购买商品的价款或接受服务的费用Part One:How to Write an Outline n n1.What is it?n nAn outline is a general plan of the material that is to be presented in a speech or a paper.The outline shows the order of the various topics,the relative importance of each,and the relationship between the various parts.经营者提供商品或者服务有欺诈行为的，应当按照消费者的要求增加赔偿其受到的损失，增加赔偿的金额为消费者购买商品的价款或接受服务的费用n n2.Order in an Outlinen nThere are many ways to arrange the different parts of a subject.Sometimes,a chronological arrangement works well.At other times,a spatial arrangement is best suited to the material.The most common order in outlines is to go from the general to the specific.This means you begin with a general idea and then support it with specific examples.经营者提供商品或者服务有欺诈行为的，应当按照消费者的要求增加赔偿其受到的损失，增加赔偿的金额为消费者购买商品的价款或接受服务的费用n n3.Thesis Statement of Summarizing Sentence 3.Thesis Statement of Summarizing Sentence n nAll outlines should begin with a thesis statement of All outlines should begin with a thesis statement of summarizing sentence.This thesis sentence presents summarizing sentence.This thesis sentence presents the central idea of the paper.It must always be a the central idea of the paper.It must always be a complete,grammatical sentence,specific and brief,complete,grammatical sentence,specific and brief,which expresses the point of view you are taking which expresses the point of view you are taking towards the subject.towards the subject.n n4.Types of Outlines4.Types of Outlinesn nThe two main types of outlines are the The two main types of outlines are the topic outline topic outline and the and the sentence outlinesentence outline.In the topic outline,the.In the topic outline,the headings are given in single words or brief phrases.In headings are given in single words or brief phrases.In the sentence outline,all the headings are expressed in the sentence outline,all the headings are expressed in complete plete sentences.经营者提供商品或者服务有欺诈行为的，应当按照消费者的要求增加赔偿其受到的损失，增加赔偿的金额为消费者购买商品的价款或接受服务的费用Examplesn nTopic OutlineTopic Outlinen nChoices in College and AfterChoices in College and Aftern nThesis:The decisions I have to make in choosing college Thesis:The decisions I have to make in choosing college courses,depend on larger questions I am beginning to courses,depend on larger questions I am beginning to ask myself about my lifeask myself about my life s work.s work.n n I.Two decisions described I.Two decisions describedn nA.Art history or chemistryA.Art history or chemistryn n 1.Professional considerations 1.Professional considerations n n 2.Personal considerations 2.Personal considerations n nB.A third year of French?B.A third year of French?n n 1.Practical advantages of knowing a 1.Practical advantages of knowing a foreign foreign language languagen n 2.Intellectual advantages 2.Intellectual advantagesn n 3.The issue of necessity 3.The issue of necessity经营者提供商品或者服务有欺诈行为的，应当按照消费者的要求增加赔偿其受到的损失，增加赔偿的金额为消费者购买商品的价款或接受服务的费用n n II.Definition of the problemn nA.Decisions about occupationn nB.Decisions about a kind of life to leadn n III.Temporary resolution of the problemn nA.To hold open a professional possibility:chemistryn nB.To take advantage of cultural gains already made:French经营者提供商品或者服务有欺诈行为的，应当按照消费者的要求增加赔偿其受到的损失，增加赔偿的金额为消费者购买商品的价款或接受服务的费用n nSentence OutlineSentence Outlinen nChoices in College and AfterChoices in C