雅思大作文 犯类.ppt
Crime犯罪类crimes:抢劫：Robbery;plunder2犯罪类crimes:伤害：injury;murder3犯罪类crimes:盗窃：Theft、shoplifting4犯罪类crimes:毒品Drugs,ondrugs/takedrugsdrug-trafficking5犯罪类crimes:绑架Kidnapkidnapper6犯罪类crimes:勒索Blackmail7犯罪类crimes:团伙：GangTattoo8犯罪类青少年YouthadolescentyoungpeopleteenageryoungsterjuniorMinor青少年犯罪juveniledelinquency行为不良，违法犯罪；失职，怠工行为不良，违法犯罪；失职，怠工youthcrime9犯罪类违法（犯罪）的人：criminaloffenderLaw-breakerfelonfeln（重罪犯）violator重罪：felony小罪：minorcrime/lightcrimePropertycrime财产犯罪Violencecrime暴力犯罪10犯罪类惩罚：punishmenttreatmentpenaltysentenceretribution严厉的harshseverestrictlengthy11犯罪类投入监狱putintoprisonl社区服务lCommunityservice再教育：rehabilitationrih,blten，re-education工作培训：jobtraining咨询：Counseling12CRIME u法制与犯罪类主题出现频率大概在每年法制与犯罪类主题出现频率大概在每年2-4次左右，属于频率较低题型。次左右，属于频率较低题型。u备考建议：备考建议：掌握专有词汇掌握专有词汇熟悉常出话题熟悉常出话题积累相关话题素材积累相关话题素材经典论题1.青少年犯罪的成因和惩罚(juveniledelinquency/youth crime)uWhatarethecausesofjuveniledelinquencyandhowshouldtheybepunished?uIn many parts of the world children and teenagers are committing more crimes.Why is this case happening?How should children or teenagers be punished?u131109 young people who commit serious crimes should be punished in the same way as adults.Do you agree or disagree?很多年轻人有一种反社会行为，原因是什么，如何解决?学生在学校不当行为的原因和解决方法?Commit crime punish经典论题2.惩罚罪犯的手段 punishment of crimeuSome people think sending criminals to prison is not an effective way to deal with them.Education and training are better.To what extent do you agree?uSome people think lawbreakers should be sent to prisons while others claim they should be made to work in communities.Discuss both and give your own opinion.sendto prison ,criminal education and training work in communities真题2012.05.12 Today prison is the most common solution for crime.But some people think that it would be a more effective way to provide them with better education to prevent them from becoming criminals.Do you agree or disagree?130216=090917 Some people think that all the lawbreakers should be taken into the prison,while others believe that there are better alternatives,(for example,doing some work or learning some skills in the community).Discuss both views and give your opinion.lawbreakersthe most common solutions for crime经典论题2.惩罚罪犯的手段 punishment of crimeuSome people think to lower the crime rate,criminals should be given longer terms/sentences in prison.Others,however,think there are other better ways to reduce crime.Discuss both these views and give your own opinion.uSome people believe that there should be fixed punishment for each type of crime.Others,however,argue that the circumstances of an individual crime,and the motivation for committing it,should always be taken into account when deciding on the punishment.Discuss both these views and give your own opinion.是否应该废除死刑?降低犯罪的最佳方法是延长监狱邢期吗?刑满释放人员再犯罪率很高，为什么，如何解决?你认为罪犯应该送到监狱还是应该做一些社区工作或学习一些技能?应该根据犯罪动机和具体案例量刑吗?Lower crime rate Give longer term/sentence in prisonReduce crime Fixed punishmentCircumstance of Individual crimeMotivation for经典论题3.预防犯罪 crime prevention12.11.03=04.09.11=08.10.04Many people are afraid to leave home because of crimes.Some believe that more actions should be taken to prevent crimes,but others feel little can be done.Discuss both views and give your opinion.Unlike in most other countries,police in the UK do not commonly carry guns.Some people think it leaves citizens unprotected.But others think it reduces the overall violence in our society.Discuss both sides of the view and give your opinion.prevent crimes,leave citizen unprotected,reduce violence,increased crime经典论题3.预防犯罪 crime preventionMore and more measures to improve the security in large urban areas have been introduced in many countries because of the increased crime.Do the benefits of these measures outweigh the drawbacks2014.6.7Some people believe that if a police force carries a gun,it will encourage higher levels of violence in the whole society.To what extent do you agree or disagree?延伸类题型延伸类题型是否应该严惩违反交规者?城市中采取预防犯罪的措施，利大于弊吗?个人如果为所欲为，社会就无法运转，你同意吗?犯罪是世界问题，无法预防，你同意吗?increased crime;higher level of violence论题论题1 1Juvenile delinquencyJuvenile delinquency（青少年犯罪）（青少年犯罪）known as juvenile offending,is participation in illegal behavior byminors(juveniles)Increasing number of young offendersHigher rate of youth crime Lets discuss青少年犯罪uQ1：WhatarethecausesofjuveniledelinquencyuQ2：Howshouldtheybepunished?u Q3:How to crack down the rate of youth crimes?Q1：Whatarethecausescausesofyouth crime教养方式：parentingstyle纵容的：Permissive溺爱的：IndulgentConflict疏忽的：neglectful监督：Supervision霸道的，专制的authoritarian,rtern 23Family factors that may have an influence on offending include:the level ofparental supervision,the way parentsdisciplinea child,particularly harshpunishment,parental conflict orseparation,criminal parents or siblings,parental abuse or neglect,and the quality of the parent-child relationship.Q1：Whatarethecausesofyouth crime1.家庭教育u家长不尽责:溺爱，专制u家庭关系不和谐,父母有矛盾u 家庭暴力，家庭犯罪parenting-Dysfunctionalfamilyconditionsuindulgentparenting-affirmativeenablementofmisbehavioruauthoritarianparenting-Lackofrespect-harshdisciplineandrefusaltojustifydisciplineonanybasisotherthanbecauseIsaidso“udomesticviolenceandcrime，physicalandpsychologicalabuseneglectfulparenting-alackofmonitoringQ1：句子练习1.孩子很有可能在家里面有很少的监督。Children are likely to have less supervision at home.2.父母监督的缺少被认为是青少年犯罪的一个影响The lack of parental supervision is thought as an influence on youth crimes.3.其他可能导致一个青少年犯罪的因素包括低下的社会经济地位，糟糕的学校表现。Other factors that may lead a teenager into juvenile delinquency include low/poor socioeconomic status and poor school performance犯罪类同龄人：peergroup27Q1：Whatarethecausesofyouth crime2.学校教育u 法制教育缺失u 学校暴力，欺凌u 学业失败-学习压力过大，竞争，学习不感兴趣u 同伴压力Schoolinguabsence of moral and legal education uSchool bullying,school violenceuStudy pressure-exam-oriented education/heated competition/school failure/poor academic performanceuPeer pressure-have some friends who are involved in delinquent activities.写句子1.学校可以塑造年轻人的机会和自我价值感Schools can shape youths sense of opportunities and self-worth2.完不成作业，学习成绩不好就会导致低自尊心，被疏远或者无价值的感觉。The failure to complete homework and poor performance may create low self-esteem and the feeling of alienation or worthlessness.3.那些在学校表现差的孩子很有可能行为失当，因为学习成绩差，不留恋学校和对教育的低期望值，这些都加大了犯罪的几率。Those children with poor performance are likely to misbehave because of a bad academic accomplishment and a low attachment to school,which both increase crime rate.Q1：Whatarethecausesofyouth crime3.社会环境u媒体不良信息u对家庭教育和学校教育缺乏重视，缺乏引导u 不争取的道德，价值观social environmentuFrequent exposure to harmful（violent，pornographic）information in the media/content on the Internet.ulack of support to families and neighborhoods,real or perceived inaccessibility to services,lack of leadership in communities,uImproper outlook of life and value placed on children-a strong desire for material wealth and luxury lifestyles-be tempted to commitQ1：Whatarethecausesofyouth crime4.经济原因u 贫穷u 缺乏教育机会Economic factorsupoverty uHave no access to educational opportunities5.青少年心理发展原因u 容易冲动u 自制力差u 辨别是非能力较差adolescentpsychologyua high degree of impulsiveness and hyperactivity；u low self-control-poor anger managementu too immature to distinguish right from wrong.翻译下列句子1.青少年犯罪率以一个惊人的（alarming)速度在增长2.年龄在12到17的年轻人的犯罪率在2005年和200年间增长了3%。3.研究显示那接受足够父母监督的孩子不大可能参与犯罪活动。4.青少年犯罪增长的一个因素可以被归咎于(be attributed to)他们的家庭教育5.媒体里的色情或者暴力内容经常给青年造成极大的负面影响。6.有低智商的孩子更容易在学校做坏事，这可能会提高offending得机会。7.孩童时期的同伴排斥（Peer rejection）也是青少年犯罪的一个大的预示。8.不稳定的社会经济(Socioeconomicinstability)经常和持续的失业以及低收入相连，这能提高年轻人在犯罪活动中的参与度。Q2Q2：Should young offenders be punished Should young offenders be punished the same as adults?the same as adults?真题解析u131109 Young people who commit serious crimes,such as robbery or violent attacks should be punished in the same way as adults.To what extent do you agree or disagree?参考思路：同意：（换位思考，最好受害者、公众、犯罪者都有涉及）1.受害者及其家人、朋友的诉求；2.公众的安全感需要确保，防止再次犯罪3.严厉的惩罚对于其他年轻人起到震慑作用1.solacecomfort the victims to ensure the justice.2.prevent the criminals from recommitment，especially the habitual criminals to avoid damage to the outside world.3.the deterrent effects may warn the potential criminals from committing crimes.不同意：1.青少年本身不成熟2.监狱生活对他们的身心发展不利3.监狱里面的伙伴都是犯罪分子，有可能对他们进行负面的引导。4.监狱经历给他们出狱之后的生活留下不良记录和影响Minors are yet to approach their maturity,and their crimes,albeit serious,should be punished with the consideration of their young age.Bad living conditions in jailisakindoftormenttotheirrelativelyphysical and psychological conditions.Minors are exposed to more sophisticated criminals and crimes,which mayaggravatejuvenile delinquency.The experience of jail life may exert adverse effect on their future prospects for this record.Q3：howto reduce youth crimesreduce youth crimes?Join hands in minimizing the rate of youth crimes.Family parenting:discipline,regulations,respect,care,supervision,right world outlook,decent values School:enrich students life;build up confidence;provide life planning guidance;psychological guidanceSociety:the strict supervision of the media and information exposed to the young;financial support for the education and living;Topic 2经典论题：Some people think sending criminals to prison is not an effective way to deal with them.Education and training are better.To what extent do you agree?Some people think lawbreakers should be sent to prisons while others claim they should be made to work in communities.Discuss both and give your own opinion.变异：Prisonsareuselessforcrimeproblemsand educationisabettersolution.Doyouagreeor disagreewiththisstatement?Q2：howshouldtheybepunished?社区服务/再教育rehabilitation/re-education？监狱服刑？Which side are you on?uCriminals should be put into prison.Or uCriminals should provided with Rehabilitation programs.44Community serviceis performed by someone or a group of people for the benefit of the public or its institutions.Performing community service is not the same asvolunteering,since it is not always done voluntarily.it is often offered to small-time offenders as an alternative to fines or jail time.rehabilitation programproperty crimes such as vandalism or shopliftingFor:教育(re-education)、培训(training)、心理辅导(psychological counseling)they can master some skills to support themselvesearn their breadmake a living to integrate back into communitiesthey can make contribution to the society to repair their mistakes.creates a sense of accomplishmentpromotes self-confidence and self-esteem Q2：howshouldtheybepunished?2.监狱服刑commit violent crimes such as sexual assaultslt;slt or robbery;repeated violent offenders)u be sentenced to prison/serve prison termsu deter them from further violent offences.ucauses many of them feel remorseful rmsf()l for their crime.Sending criminals into prison?commit violent crimes such as sexual assaultslt;slt or robbery;repeated violent offenders)For:预防罪犯再犯罪，尤其是惯犯 prevent the criminals from recommitment especiallyin particularparticularly the habitual criminalsl罪犯在监狱的行为受到监控不会对外界造成伤害。The criminals behaviors may be closely monitored and would not cause damage to the outside world.抚慰受害者,维护正义solacecomfort the victims 有震慑作用，可以警示潜在的犯罪人the deterrent effects may warn the potential criminals from committing crimes.Crime prevention加强自我保护意识Raise/improve the awareness of self-protection should be enhanced 鼓励受害人报案encourage the victims to report a case to security authorities，同时设法消除受害人担心报复的心理meanwhile,approaches should be adopted to clear the fear of reprisal 完善法律体系perfectbetter legal system.Especially,betterment should be done to the Criminal Law and Criminal Procedure Law,which may basically guarantee the life right and property right 加大法制宣传enlarge the scope of legal advocating make more and more people to known law better.As a case in point,some related authorities and organizations could take some efforts to promote peoples legal awareness and encourage them to combat social evils.再犯罪的原因51.Nowadays,the criminals set free from the prisons always tend to commit crimes again.What are the causes of this problem?What measures can be taken to solve this problem?(09.06.13)再犯罪的原因：在监狱中受到消极影响，改造不彻底 出狱后不能自食其力，不能重新适应社会 受到偏见和歧视，就业和家庭生活很难恢复正常 个人的自卑和心理障碍 解决的措施：改进改造方法，让罪犯的改造更为彻底。改造时对罪犯进行心里辅导和职业培训，让他们彻底拜托犯罪心理，掌握自食其力的技能 防止罪犯间的消极交流 保障罪犯在返回社会后的就业和生活问题，尽量减少歧视。12.05.12In most countries,prison is an effective solution to the problem of crime.Some people think it is a more effective solution to provide education for those who violate the law.To what extent do you agree or disagree?
