高中英语书面表达ppt课件.ppt

英语书面表达训练探讨英语书面表达训练探讨 特点特点:1.1.试题呈开放趋势试题呈开放趋势 2.2.试题内容，与时俱进试题内容，与时俱进 3.3.试题提示，汉语愈少试题提示，汉语愈少 4.4.应用文体，没考格式应用文体，没考格式一句话一句话:最易得分最易得分,最难抓分最难抓分!失分原因失分原因 1.1.不会审题，偏离主题不会审题，偏离主题 2.2.汉语思维，逐字翻译汉语思维，逐字翻译 3.3.句子逻辑关系混乱句子逻辑关系混乱 4.4.语法错误语法错误 书面表达不同题材分类写作：书面表达不同题材分类写作：A.A.支持与反对观点陈述类支持与反对观点陈述类B.B.数据式图表类数据式图表类C.C.看图说话类看图说话类D.D.应聘类应聘类E.E.提示议论文类提示议论文类F F应用文类应用文类G G表示今昔对比类写作套语类表示今昔对比类写作套语类H H地图地图/路线图类路线图类I.I.介绍某人，某物，某地，某计划，某项目类介绍某人，某物，某地，某计划，某项目类A.A.支持与反对观点陈述类支持与反对观点陈述类（议论文）（议论文）写作模式写作模式1 1总起总起:.Different people hold different opinions.Opinions are divided.People have taken/adopted different attitudes towards.People have different opinions on this problem.People take different views on this question.表达观点一表达观点一:Someofusthink/holdtheview/areinfavoroftheideathatThereasonisthat.Besides,(Someareagainsttheviewthat.)表达观点二表达观点二:(However/Ontheotherhand),othershavejusttheoppositeopinion.TheythinkthatWhatsmore,However,eachcoinhastwosides.本人观点：本人观点：AsfarasIamconcerned,(Inmyopinion,;Itsmyopinionthat)Foronereason,ForanotherreasonInaword,Onlythroughcanwehaveabrightfuture.We had a heated discussion about/on.Students views/ideas/opinions on it vary/differ from person to person.Some students say/think/believe that However,others hold the view that As far as I am concerned,I am in favor of the first/second view./I would like to.The reasons are as follows.First,Secondly,In conclusion/In a word,写作模式写作模式2 2写作模式写作模式3 3 There is a widespread concern over the issue that（作文题目）（作文题目）.But it is well known that the opinion concerning this hot topic varies from person to person.A majority of people think that 观点一观点一.In their views there are two factors contributing to this attitude as follows:in the first place,原原因一因一.Furthermore,in the second place,原因二原因二.So it goes without saying不用说不用说that观点一观点一.People,however,differintheiropinionsonthismatter.Somepeopleholdtheideathat观点二观点二.Intheirpointofview,ontheonehand，原因一原因一.Ontheotherhand,原因二原因二.Therefore,thereisnodoubtthat观点二观点二.AsfarasIamconcerned,Ifirmlysupporttheviewthat观点一或二观点一或二.Itisnotonlybecause_,butalsobecause_.Themore_,themore_.最近，你校同学正在参加某英文报组织的一最近，你校同学正在参加某英文报组织的一场讨论。讨论的主题是：公园要不要收门票？场讨论。讨论的主题是：公园要不要收门票？请你根据下表提供的信息，给报社写一封信，请你根据下表提供的信息，给报社写一封信，客观地介绍讨论情况。客观地介绍讨论情况。参考词汇：参考词汇：门票：门票：entrance feeentrance fee60%60%的同学认为的同学认为40%40%的同学认为的同学认为1 1、不应收门票、不应收门票2 2、公园是公众休闲的地方、公园是公众休闲的地方3 3、如收票，需建大门、围、如收票，需建大门、围墙，会影响城市形象墙，会影响城市形象1 1、应收门票，但票价、应收门票，但票价不宜高不宜高2 2、支付园林工人工资、支付园林工人工资3 3、购新花木、购新花木DearEditor,Imwritingtotellyouaboutthediscussionwevehadaboutwhetheranentrancefeeshouldbechargedforparks.Opinionsaredividedonthequestion.60%ofthestudentsareagainsttheideaofentrancefees.Theybelievedapublicparkshouldbefreeofcharge.Peopleneedaplacewheretheycanrestandenjoythemselves.Chargingentrancefeeswillnodoubtkeepsomepeopleaway.Whatismore,itwillbecomenecessarytobuildgatesandwalls,whichwilldoharmtotheappearanceofacity.Ontheotherhand,40%thinkthatfeesshouldbechargedbecauseyouneedmoneytopaygardenersandotherworkersandtobuyplantsandyoungtrees.Theysuggest,however,feesshouldbechargedlow.Yourstruly,LiHua 当前不少文学作品被改编成电影。有人当前不少文学作品被改编成电影。有人选择看电影，有人则喜欢读原著。请你选择看电影，有人则喜欢读原著。请你以以“Film or book,which do you Film or book,which do you prefer?prefer?”为题，按照下列要点写一篇英为题，按照下列要点写一篇英语短文：语短文：。看电影：省时、有趣、易懂。看电影：省时、有趣、易懂。读原著：细节更多、语言优美。读原著：细节更多、语言优美。我的看法及理由。我的看法及理由注意：注意：1 1、词数：、词数：100100字左右。字左右。文章题文章题目和开头已给出（不计入词数）。目和开头已给出（不计入词数）。2 2、参考词汇：、参考词汇：originalwork或或 bookintheoriginal（原著原著）Filmorbook,whichdoyouprefer?Someofusthinkthatitisbettertoseethefilmthantoreadthebookintheoriginal._.Some of us think that it is better to see the film than to read the book in the original.The reason is that it takes less time to understand the whole story.Besides,the film is usually more interesting,and it is easier to follow.Some others have just the opposite opinion.They think that they can get more detailed information from the original.Meanwhile,the language in the book is possibly more lively and beautiful.Personally,Iagreewiththesecondview.ActuallyIhavemorereasonsforit.IthinkIcanstayathome,readingquietlyinasituationofmyown,andwhatsmore,Iamabletobetterunderstandtheauthorsideas.Inaword,toreadtheoriginalworkisbetterthantoseethefilmbasedonitB.B.数据式图表类数据式图表类（多属议论文）（多属议论文）写作实例：写作实例：根据下面周表根据下面周表(graph)(graph)，以，以“Fire causes”为题，写一篇议论文，要点包括：为题，写一篇议论文，要点包括：1.1.火灾原因；火灾原因；2 2各类火灾的比例各类火灾的比例;3 3火灾给人们的启示。火灾给人们的启示。词数：词数：110110左右。左右。三个步骤三个步骤:一、提炼主题一、提炼主题 二、论证主题二、论证主题 三、升华主题三、升华主题 Fire causes As we all know,fire,one of the most terrible killers in our modern society can be caused by many factors.First,it is mainly caused by smokers,as can be seen from the graph.In 2005,thousands of fires happened in China.About 50%of them were caused by smokers who left cigarette ends everywhere.30%were caused by defective insulation and 20%by children playing with matches.No matter what type of fire it was,there was one thing in common:carelessness.Therefore,weshouldwarnchildrenofthedangersofplayingwithmatches.Atthesametime,workersshouldknowtheimportanceofgoodinsulationtopeopleslives.Ofcourse,smokingshouldnotbeallowedinpublicplaces.文章结构文章结构:Part 1:General idea (tendency)Part 2:Facts(to support the idea)and reasonsPart 3:Solutions or personal opinions/suggestions(if needed)开头常用套语开头常用套语:.The graph(chat,picture,table)above shows that.As is shown by the graph/in the chart,.From the graph/chart above,we can see .From the figures given in the table,it can be seen/noticed that数据说明常用套语数据说明常用套语:.The number of nearly doubled.The number was 5 times as much as that of.It decreased twice than that of 2006.The total number was lowered by 10%.Compared with 2006,it fell from 15%to 10%.The number of amount to/add up to/sum up to/reach (数量总计数量总计)increase(rise/fall/drop)from to ）.Compared with make up about 原因说明常用套语原因说明常用套语:.There are several reasons that account for说说明明,it.A number of factors account for.The change in.largely results from the fact that.Firstly/First of all/To begin with,/Secondly,/.Besides/In addition/Furthermore/Moreover,.Finally/Last but not least.This is because./That is why.The reason for/why.is that.结尾常用套语结尾常用套语:We can draw the conclusion thatIn my opinion/Personally,As far as Im concerned,In short/in brief/in a word,Its clear from the chart that We can know/learn thatThe results seem to suggest that 日前，针对学生的零用钱（日前，针对学生的零用钱（pocket moneypocket money）的）的消费方向，你对你们市某中学的高中和初中的部消费方向，你对你们市某中学的高中和初中的部分学生进行了问卷调查得出数据如下表。现请分学生进行了问卷调查得出数据如下表。现请你用英文给某报社编辑写一封信，反映这一情况，你用英文给某报社编辑写一封信，反映这一情况，并呼吁中学生树立正确的消费观。并呼吁中学生树立正确的消费观。注意：注意：1 1书信中不必一一列举具体数字，只要书信中不必一一列举具体数字，只要 抓住主要问题和数据说明问题即可。抓住主要问题和数据说明问题即可。2 2字数：字数：100100字左右。开头已给出字左右。开头已给出,不计不计 人总词数。人总词数。Deareditor,Recentlyasurveyhasbeendonetofindouthowmiddleschoolstudentsspendtheirpocketmoney_.Dear editor,Recently a survey has been done to find out how middle school students spend their pocket money.In this survey,both junior students and senior students spend most their money on books,sacks and playing games,still some money goes to clothes,banks,sports,and so on.The survey shows that about 44 of seniors prefer books to sacks（37%）and playing games（31%）.On the other hand,only 32 of juniors will spend their pocket money buying books,while over a half buy sacks and 44 spend on playing games.Both seniors and juniors would not waste too much money in clothes or put it in banks.I think too many sacks will not only make us put on weight but also do harm to our health.In addition,if we play games without limit,well lose much precious time,which results in low grades.Furthermore,the money is hard-earned.I hope we students value our money as well as our time.C.C.看图说话类文章看图说话类文章(多属记叙文多属记叙文)记叙文的写作要素（即篇章结构）：记叙文的写作要素（即篇章结构）：1.(1.(the beginning)要交待清楚五要素的内容，要交待清楚五要素的内容，即即where,when,what,who,howwhere,when,what,who,how，给读者一个，给读者一个内容完整、细节清晰的故事。内容完整、细节清晰的故事。2.(2.(the middle)事情的叙述可以按事情的叙述可以按时间或空间的时间或空间的顺序顺序叙述，让读者易于把握所叙述内容之间的内叙述，让读者易于把握所叙述内容之间的内在联系，从而轻松理解文章主题。在联系，从而轻松理解文章主题。3.3.（the ending）根据图片或图表大意进行议论。根据图片或图表大意进行议论。（起到扣题或点题的作用）（起到扣题或点题的作用）(注意注意人称人称;通常使用与过去有关的时态，如一般通常使用与过去有关的时态，如一般过去时过去时。)某英语报社开展以某英语报社开展以“Parents and ChildrenParents and Children”为题的为题的看图作文征文活动，要求根据以下三幅图用英语写一篇看图作文征文活动，要求根据以下三幅图用英语写一篇作文，文章的内容应包括：作文，文章的内容应包括：4 4月月9 9日发生在李华家的事日发生在李华家的事情；情；你个人的感受。请你写一篇向报社投稿的征文。你个人的感受。请你写一篇向报社投稿的征文。注意：注意：1 1词数词数100100左右，正文题目已给出，不计入左右，正文题目已给出，不计入总数；总数；2 2短文要求观点明确，结构合理，紧凑连贯。短文要求观点明确，结构合理，紧凑连贯。Parents and Children On the evening of April 9th,Li Hua was watching TV while his mother was busy preparing for dinner in the kitchen.How attentively he was watching the TV program when the telephone rang.It was from his grandmother,who wanted to say HAPPY BIRTHDAY to his mother.“Today is my mothers birthday?”Li Hua was a little puzzled.“How come that I have forgotten all about it?”Li Hua thought to himself,feeling ashamed.Atthestory,Igotdeeplyshocked.Itisnoteasyforparentstobringusup.Theygiveuslotsofloveandcare,whilewedontcareforthemenough.Nowitsnevertoolatetorealizethisandshowourloveandcareforthem.D.D.应聘类应聘类（属说明文类）（属说明文类）一介绍消息来源一介绍消息来源二表明求职心愿二表明求职心愿 三、介绍个人简历，摆出求职优势三、介绍个人简历，摆出求职优势四请求答复联系四请求答复联系 五表明感激之情五表明感激之情写作实例写作实例：假设你是新华大学的学生李华，得知某英文假设你是新华大学的学生李华，得知某英文报招聘兼职记者，你有意应聘，请按下列要点报招聘兼职记者，你有意应聘，请按下列要点给报社写一封自荐信。给报社写一封自荐信。1表示感兴趣；表示感兴趣；2说明优势：知识面、英语水平、合作精神、说明优势：知识面、英语水平、合作精神、相关经历；相关经历；3希望得到回复。希望得到回复。注意：注意：1；词数：；词数：100左右；左右；2可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。Dear Sir or Madam,Im a student from Xinhua University.Im glad to learn that you want a few part-time English reporters.Im quite interested in it.I think Im fit for the job.As a student,Ive read a lot and have much knowledge in many fields.Im fond of English and do well in both speaking and writing.Besides,Im easy to get along with and enjoy working together with others.Above all,I once worked as a reporter for my school broadcasting station.So Im sure I can do the job well if I can get the position.Imlookingforwardtoanearlyreplyifpossible.AndIdappreciateitverymuchifyoucouldcallmeat13936925255.Thankyouverymuch.Yourssincerely,LiHuaE.E.提示提示议论文议论文类类1.1.文章开头，能依据提示确立主题文章开头，能依据提示确立主题句（句（topic sentencetopic sentence）,阐明观阐明观点或看法。点或看法。2.2.使用连接词使用连接词,分层次说明理由、分层次说明理由、缘由（缘由（supporting sentencessupporting sentences）。）。3.3.归纳总结（归纳总结（conclusionconclusion），首），首尾呼应。尾呼应。有些人以为，某些数字，如有些人以为，某些数字，如6 6、8 8、9 9等会带来等会带来好运。在选择车牌号、电话号码时，他们不惜花好运。在选择车牌号、电话号码时，他们不惜花高昂的高昂的“择号费择号费”来获得这些数字。、你却认为，来获得这些数字。、你却认为，成功和财富与这些所谓的吉祥数字无关，而是艰成功和财富与这些所谓的吉祥数字无关，而是艰苦劳动和不懈努力的结果。请根据以上内容用英苦劳动和不懈努力的结果。请根据以上内容用英语写一篇短文。语写一篇短文。注意注意：1 1、文章的标题已给出；、文章的标题已给出；2 2、词数、词数100100左右。左右。Do Lucky Numbers Really Bring Good Luck?_._.Some people think certain numbers may bring good luck to them.These numbers include 6,8,9 and so on.Therefore,when they want to choose a car number or a phone number,they buy the number which ends with these lucky numbers at a high price.Inmyopinion,successandluckhavenothingtodowithsuchso-calledluckynumbers.Theonlykeytosuccessorwealthliesinhardworkandpersistence.Ifwearetoodependentontheluckynumbers,wemaybecomelazyorevendiscouragedwhentheyprovedtobeuseless.Weshouldbelieveinourselvesandmakegreateffortstostruggleforsuccessaswellaswealth.F.F.应用文应用文书信书信(letter)(letter)、日记、日记(diary)(diary)、便条便条(note)(note)、通知、通知(notice)(notice)、请柬请柬(invitation card)(invitation card)、海报海报(poster)(poster)、致词、致词(speeches)(speeches)、失物招领（失物招领（lost and foundlost and found）书信书信 祝贺信、感谢信、邀请信、祝贺信、感谢信、邀请信、申请信、投诉信、求助信申请信、投诉信、求助信信件常用句型：信件常用句型：(开头开头)Thank you for/Im glad to receive your letter dated on/Im so sorry that I couldnt write earlier./How are you getting along with your studies?/With great pleasure I learn that/Im writing to ask if(to tell you/to apply for the job.)（结尾）（结尾）Imlookingforwardtoreceiving(longingtoreceive)yourreply./Allmybestwishestoyou./Remembermeto/Goodlucktoyou./Thankyouagain.（邀请）（邀请）Couldyoucometo/Wouldyouliketo/Ishouldverymuchlikeyoutojoinus.（委婉拒绝）：（委婉拒绝）：Idlovetocome,butIcantbecause/Imreallysorrytosay（投诉）（投诉）Imwritingtocomplain(回复求助回复求助)Inmyopinion,youshould/Iwouldadviseyouto/Isuggestyoudo/IfIwereyou,Iwould(求职求职)Ilearnfrom/readinthenewspaperthat/Iwastoldthat/beexperiencedin/Iwouldbegratefulifyoucould2.2.口头通知口头通知1 1称呼语称呼语：Boys and girls；Dear classmates；Ladies and gentlemen等等。2Attention，please/May I have your attention please?/Please be quietI have something important to tell you/Ive got something important to say./Ive got an announcement to make./Im glad to tell you that.口头通知的常用结束语口头通知的常用结束语：Thats all(Thats all.Thank you.)书面通知书面通知.Notice is given here that.All of them are required/expected to note that.A report on computer will be given by Prof.Smith.Class One and Class Two,Grade One will go to the Xishan Park to.Please be there on time.Everybody is expected to attend.The sports meet will be put off till.3.3.致词致词(Speeches)欢迎词欢迎词(a welcome party)、致欢送词致欢送词(a farewell party)、告别词告别词(a farewell party)致词套话：致词套话：Dear friends,Ladies and gentlemen,Welcome to our school.We are very glad to meet.First of all,lets extend our warm welcome and cordial greetings to our distinguished guest(s).Its my great honor toon behalf ofWewishyouapleasantjourneyandgoodhealth.Mayyouhaveapleasanttime.Werelookingforwardtoseeinghimagain.Wewishhim/youlotsofluckforthefuture.G.G.表示今昔对比类写作套语表示今昔对比类写作套语1.1.开头常用句型开头常用句型(1)Great changes have taken place.Great changes have taken place in my hometown in the last five years.Quite a few changes have taken place in my school since you left China.Over the past twenty years or so,great changes have taken place in our life.(2)Things have begun to improve since Things have begun to improve since schools were called on to reduce learning load.2.2.对比常用句型对比常用句型:(1)used to,but now 过去常过去常，但是现在，但是现在(2)in the past,but now 在过去在过去，但是现在，但是现在(3)once,but now 曾经曾经.，但是现在，但是现在(4)Things are different now.情况已大不同了情况已大不同了(5)But now,everything has changed.但是现在全变了但是现在全变了 假设你是李明，假设你是李明，你的美国朋友杰克你的美国朋友杰克听说你校正在开展研究性学习，来信听说你校正在开展研究性学习，来信询问有关情况，请你写一封信，谈一询问有关情况，请你写一封信，谈一谈开展研究性学习前后，你的学习情谈开展研究性学习前后，你的学习情况的变化。况的变化。注意：注意：1.1.用书信格式。用书信格式。2.2.词数：词数：100 100 左右。左右。3 3 生词：研究性学习生词：研究性学习exploring study，上网上网surf the internet。过去过去 现在现在 课堂课堂 老师讲解知识点，老师讲解知识点，学生听讲，记笔学生听讲，记笔记。记。老师提出问题，学老师提出问题，学生互相讨论或学生生互相讨论或学生自己提出问题自己自己提出问题自己讨论解决。讨论解决。课外课外完成大量的作业。完成大量的作业。丰富多彩的课外活丰富多彩的课外活动，如读自己感兴动，如读自己感兴趣的书籍，趣的书籍，去图书去图书馆或上网查资料。馆或上网查资料。DearJack,Hownicetohearfromyouagain.Youwanttoknowwhatisgoingoninourschool.Inshort,thingshavebeenimprovingsincetheschoolbegantocarryoutexploringstudy.Inthepast,theteachersalwayskeptonexplainingthepointsinclass.Westudentsjustlistenedandtooknotes.Butnowweoftendiscussandtrytosolvetheproblemsraisedbytheteachersorourselves.Afterclass,weenjoyeddifferentkindsofactivitiesinsteadofdoingendlesshomework.Forexample,wecanreadwhatweareinterestedin.WecangotothelibraryorsurftheInternetforvariouskindsofinformation.Inaword,wearenowmastersofstudy,andwearehappy.Bestwishes.Yours,LiMing H.H.地图地图/路线图类路线图类 写作步骤：写作步骤：1.1.仔细观察图画、图示或图表材料，找仔细观察图画、图示或图表材料，找出所有内容。在介绍路线或解说实物结出所有内容。在介绍路线或解说实物结构时，在构时，在内容上不能遗漏内容上不能遗漏，不则就要点，不则就要点不全，说明不完整。不全，说明不完整。2.2.根据需要安排适当的说明顺序。通常根据需要安排适当的说明顺序。通常要按要按时间或空间顺序时间或空间顺序来写。来写。3.3.要注意说明文要注意说明文语言特点语言特点。说明文的写。说明文的写作目的是给读者提供知识，传递信息，作目的是给读者提供知识，传递信息，因此其语言要准确、简明。因此其语言要准确、简明。4.4.组织要点，写出全文。组织要点，写出全文。常用介词及词组常用介词及词组方位介词方位介词:beside,behind,before,infrontof，in/on/to/thenorth(south,west,east.)of常