财务会计专业英语ppt课件.ppt

2009 The McGraw-Hill Companies,Inc.,All Rights Reserved认识到了贫困户贫困的根本原因，才能开始对症下药，然后药到病除。近年来国家对扶贫工作高度重视，已经展开了“精准扶贫”项目IntroductionTextbookPrinciplesofAccounting(NineteenthEdition),byJohnJ.Wild,KenW.Shaw,BarbaraChiappetta,崔学刚，饶菁改编，中国人民大学出版崔学刚，饶菁改编，中国人民大学出版社，社，2009年年7月出版月出版McGraw-Hill/IrwinSlide 2McGraw-Hill/IrwinSlide 2认识到了贫困户贫困的根本原因，才能开始对症下药，然后药到病除。近年来国家对扶贫工作高度重视，已经展开了“精准扶贫”项目Contents1AccountinginBusiness2AnalyzingandRecordingTransactions3AdjustingAccountsandPreparingFinancialStatements4CompletingtheAccountingCycle5AccountingforMerchandisingOperations6AccountingInformationSystems7InventoriesandCostofSales8CashandInternalControls9AccountingforReceivables10PlantAssets,NaturalResourcesandIntangibles11CurrentLiabilitiesandPayrollAccounting12Long-TermLiabilities13InvestmentsandInternationalOperations14AccountingforCorporations 2009 The McGraw-Hill Companies,Inc.,All Rights Reserved认识到了贫困户贫困的根本原因，才能开始对症下药，然后药到病除。近年来国家对扶贫工作高度重视，已经展开了“精准扶贫”项目ACCOUNTING IN BUSINESSChapter 1 2009 The McGraw-Hill Companies,Inc.,All Rights Reserved认识到了贫困户贫困的根本原因，才能开始对症下药，然后药到病除。近年来国家对扶贫工作高度重视，已经展开了“精准扶贫”项目KeyTerms-Chapter1AccountingAccountingequationAssetsAuditorsBalancesheetBookkeepingBusinessentityassumptionCommonstockCorporationCostprincipleEquityEthicsEventsExpandedaccountingequationExpensesExternaltransactionsExternalusersFinancialaccountingFinancialAccountingStandardsBoard(FASB)FulldisclosureprincipleGenerallyAcceptedAccountingPrinciples(GAAP)Going-concernassumption 2009 The McGraw-Hill Companies,Inc.,All Rights Reserved认识到了贫困户贫困的根本原因，才能开始对症下药，然后药到病除。近年来国家对扶贫工作高度重视，已经展开了“精准扶贫”项目KeyTerms-Chapter1IncomestatementInternaltransactionsInternalusersInternationalAccountingStandardsBoard(IASB)LiabilitiesManagerialaccountingMatchingprincipleMonetaryunitassumptionNetincomeNetlossOwner，CapitalOwnerinvestmentOwnerwithdrawalsPartnershipProprietorshipRecordkeepingRevenuerecognitionprincipleRevenuesSarbanes-OxleyActSecurtiesandExchangeCommission（SEC）ShareholdersSharesSoleproprietorshipStatementofcashflowsStatementofownersequityStockStockholdersTimeperiodassumptionWithdrawals 2009 The McGraw-Hill Companies,Inc.,All Rights Reserved认识到了贫困户贫困的根本原因，才能开始对症下药，然后药到病除。近年来国家对扶贫工作高度重视，已经展开了“精准扶贫”项目ALookatThisChapterInthischapterwediscribeaccounting,theusersandusesofaccountinginformation,theformsandactivitiesoforganizations,andseveralaccountingprinciples.Wealsointroducetransactionanalysisandfinancialstatements.2009 The McGraw-Hill Companies,Inc.,All Rights Reserved认识到了贫困户贫困的根本原因，才能开始对症下药，然后药到病除。近年来国家对扶贫工作高度重视，已经展开了“精准扶贫”项目Learning Objectives-ConceptualC1:Explain the purpose and importance ofaccounting in the information ageC2:Identify users and uses of accountingC3:Identify opportunities in accounting and related fieldsC4:Explain why ethics are crucial in accountingC5:Explain GAAP,and define and apply several key accounting principles 2009 The McGraw-Hill Companies,Inc.,All Rights Reserved认识到了贫困户贫困的根本原因，才能开始对症下药，然后药到病除。近年来国家对扶贫工作高度重视，已经展开了“精准扶贫”项目Learning Objectives-AnalyticalA1:Define and interpret the accounting equation and each of its componentsA2:Analyze business transactions using the accounting equationLearning Objectives-ProceduralP1:Identify and prepare basic financial statements and explain how they interrelateMcGraw-Hill/IrwinSlide 9McGraw-Hill/IrwinSlide 9认识到了贫困户贫困的根本原因，才能开始对症下药，然后药到病除。近年来国家对扶贫工作高度重视，已经展开了“精准扶贫”项目IdentifyingSelect transactions and eventsRecordingInput,measure and classifyCommunicatingPrepare,analyze and interpretIMPORTANCE OF ACCOUNTINGAccountingC1Accountingisaninformationandmeasurementsystemthatidentifies,records,andcommunicatesrelevant,reliable,andcomparableinfor-mationaboutanorganizationsbusinessactivities.McGraw-Hill/IrwinSlide 10McGraw-Hill/IrwinSlide 10认识到了贫困户贫困的根本原因，才能开始对症下药，然后药到病除。近年来国家对扶贫工作高度重视，已经展开了“精准扶贫”项目Wemustguradagainstanarrowviewofaccounting.Themostcommoncontactwithaccountingisthroughcreditapproval,checkingaccounts,taxformsandpayroll.Theseexperiencesarelimitedandtendtofoucusontherecordkeepingpartsofaccounting.Recordkeeping,orbookkeeping,istherecordingoftransactionsandevents,eithermanuallyorelectronically.Thisisjustonepartofaccounting.Accountingalsoidentifiesandcommunicatesinformationontransactionsandevents,anditincludesthecrucialprocessesofanalysisandinterpretation.McGraw-Hill/IrwinSlide 11McGraw-Hill/IrwinSlide 11认识到了贫困户贫困的根本原因，才能开始对症下药，然后药到病除。近年来国家对扶贫工作高度重视，已经展开了“精准扶贫”项目USERS OF ACCOUNTING INFORMATIONExternal UsersLendersShareholdersGovernmentsConsumer GroupsExternal AuditorsCustomersInternal UsersManagersOfficersInternal AuditorsSales StaffBudget OfficersControllersC2Notdirectlyinvolvedinrunningtheorganization.directlyinvolvedinmanagingandoperatinganorganization.McGraw-Hill/IrwinSlide 12McGraw-Hill/IrwinSlide 12认识到了贫困户贫困的根本原因，才能开始对症下药，然后药到病除。近年来国家对扶贫工作高度重视，已经展开了“精准扶贫”项目USERS OF ACCOUNTING INFORMATIONExternal UsersFinancial accounting provides external users with financial statements.Internal UsersManagerial accounting provides information needs for internal decision makers.C2McGraw-Hill/IrwinSlide 13McGraw-Hill/IrwinSlide 13认识到了贫困户贫困的根本原因，才能开始对症下药，然后药到病除。近年来国家对扶贫工作高度重视，已经展开了“精准扶贫”项目OPPORTUNITIES IN ACCOUNTINGFinancialPreparationAnalysisAuditingRegulatoryConsultingPlanningCriminal investigationManagerialGeneral accounting Cost accountingBudgetingInternal auditingConsultingControllerTreasurerStrategyTaxationPreparationPlanningRegulatoryInvestigationsConsultingEnforcementLegal servicesEstate plansAccounting-relatedLendersConsultantsAnalystsTradersDirectorsUnderwritersPlannersAppraisersFBI investigatorsMarket researchersSystems designersMerger servicesBusiness valuationHuman servicesLitigation supportEntrepreneursC3McGraw-Hill/IrwinSlide 14McGraw-Hill/IrwinSlide 14认识到了贫困户贫困的根本原因，才能开始对症下药，然后药到病除。近年来国家对扶贫工作高度重视，已经展开了“精准扶贫”项目ACCOUNTING JOBS BY AREAC3McGraw-Hill/IrwinSlide 15McGraw-Hill/IrwinSlide 15认识到了贫困户贫困的根本原因，才能开始对症下药，然后药到病除。近年来国家对扶贫工作高度重视，已经展开了“精准扶贫”项目Beliefs that distinguish right from wrongAccepted standards of good and bad behaviorETHICS-A KEY CONCEPTC4McGraw-Hill/IrwinSlide 16McGraw-Hill/IrwinSlide 16认识到了贫困户贫困的根本原因，才能开始对症下药，然后药到病除。近年来国家对扶贫工作高度重视，已经展开了“精准扶贫”项目 Identify ethical concerns Analyze options Make ethical decisionUse personal ethics to recognize ethical concern.Consider all good and bad consequences.Choose best option after weighing all consequences.ETHICS-A KEY CONCEPTC4McGraw-Hill/IrwinSlide 17McGraw-Hill/IrwinSlide 17认识到了贫困户贫困的根本原因，才能开始对症下药，然后药到病除。近年来国家对扶贫工作高度重视，已经展开了“精准扶贫”项目Financial accounting practice is governed by concepts and rules known as generally accepted accounting principles(GAAP).GENERALLY ACCEPTED ACCOUNTING PRINCIPLESRelevant InformationAffects the decision of its users.Reliable InformationIs trusted by users.Comparable InformationIs helpful in contrasting organizations.C5McGraw-Hill/IrwinSlide 18McGraw-Hill/IrwinSlide 18认识到了贫困户贫困的根本原因，才能开始对症下药，然后药到病除。近年来国家对扶贫工作高度重视，已经展开了“精准扶贫”项目The Securities and Exchange Commission is the government group that establishes reporting requirements for companies that issue stock to the public.SETTING ACCOUNTING PRINCIPLESFinancial Accounting Standards Board Financial Accounting Standards Board is the private group that sets both is the private group that sets both broad and specific principles.broad and specific principles.The International Accounting Standards Board(IASB)issues International Financial Reporting Standards that identify preferred accounting practices to create harmony among accounting practices of different countries.C5McGraw-Hill/IrwinSlide 19McGraw-Hill/IrwinSlide 19认识到了贫困户贫困的根本原因，才能开始对症下药，然后药到病除。近年来国家对扶贫工作高度重视，已经展开了“精准扶贫”项目PRINCIPLES AND ASSUMPTIONS OF ACCOUNTINGCost PrincipleAccounting information is based on actual cost.Actual cost is considered objective.Revenue Recognition Principle1.Recognize revenue when it is earned.2.Proceeds need not be in cash.3.Measure revenue by cash received plus cash value of items received.Matching PrincipleA company must record its expenses incurred to generate the revenue reported.Full Disclosure PrincipleA company is required to report the details behind financial statements that would impact users decisions.C5McGraw-Hill/IrwinSlide 20McGraw-Hill/IrwinSlide 20认识到了贫困户贫困的根本原因，才能开始对症下药，然后药到病除。近年来国家对扶贫工作高度重视，已经展开了“精准扶贫”项目PRINCIPLES AND ASSUMPTIONS OF ACCOUNTINGMonetary Unit AssumptionExpress transactions and events in monetary,or money,units.Business Entity AssumptionA business is accounted for separately from other business entities,including its owner.Time Period AssumptionPresumes that the life of a company can be divided into time periods,such as months and years.NowFutureGoing-Concern AssumptionReflects assumption that the business will continue operating instead of being closed or sold.C5McGraw-Hill/IrwinSlide 21McGraw-Hill/IrwinSlide 21认识到了贫困户贫困的根本原因，才能开始对症下药，然后药到病除。近年来国家对扶贫工作高度重视，已经展开了“精准扶贫”项目FORMS OF BUSINESS ENTITIESSole ProprietorshipPartnershipCorporationMcGraw-Hill/IrwinSlide 22McGraw-Hill/IrwinSlide 22认识到了贫困户贫困的根本原因，才能开始对症下药，然后药到病除。近年来国家对扶贫工作高度重视，已经展开了“精准扶贫”项目*Proprietorships and partnerships that are set up as LLCs provide limited liability.CHARACTERISTICS OF BUSINESSES*McGraw-Hill/IrwinSlide 23McGraw-Hill/IrwinSlide 23认识到了贫困户贫困的根本原因，才能开始对症下药，然后药到病除。近年来国家对扶贫工作高度重视，已经展开了“精准扶贫”项目Owners of a corporation are called shareholders(or stockholders).Shareholders are not personally liable for corporate acts.When a corporation issues only one class of stock,wecall it common stock(or capital stock).CORPORATIONMcGraw-Hill/IrwinSlide 24McGraw-Hill/IrwinSlide 24认识到了贫困户贫困的根本原因，才能开始对症下药，然后药到病除。近年来国家对扶贫工作高度重视，已经展开了“精准扶贫”项目SARBANES-OXLEY(SOX)Congress passed the Sarbanes-Oxley Act to help curb financial abuses at companies that issue their stock to the public.Management must issue a report stating that internal control are effective.Auditors must verify the effectiveness of internal controls.CompanyAlleged Accounting AbusesEnronInflating income,hid debt,and bribed officialsWorldComUnderstated expenses to inflate income and hid debtFannie MaeInflated incomeAdelphia Communications Understated expenses to inflate income and hid debtAOL Time WarnerInflated revenues and incomeXeroxInflated incomeBristol-Myers SquibbInflated revenues and incomeNortel NetwordsUnderstated expenses to inflate incomeMcGraw-Hill/IrwinSlide 25McGraw-Hill/IrwinSlide 25认识到了贫困户贫困的根本原因，才能开始对症下药，然后药到病除。近年来国家对扶贫工作高度重视，已经展开了“精准扶贫”项目TRANSACTION ANALYSIS AND THE ACCOUNTING EQUATIONAssets=Liabilities+EquityAccounting EquationA1McGraw-Hill/IrwinSlide 26McGraw-Hill/IrwinSlide 26认识到了贫困户贫困的根本原因，才能开始对症下药，然后药到病除。近年来国家对扶贫工作高度重视，已经展开了“精准扶贫”项目LandEquipmentBuildingsCashVehiclesStore SuppliesNotes ReceivableAccounts ReceivableResources owned or controlled by a companyASSETSA1McGraw-Hill/IrwinSlide 27McGraw-Hill/IrwinSlide 27认识到了贫困户贫困的根本原因，才能开始对症下药，然后药到病除。近年来国家对扶贫工作高度重视，已经展开了“精准扶贫”项目Taxes PayableWages PayableNotes PayableAccounts PayableLIABILITIESCreditors claims on assetsA1McGraw-Hill/IrwinSlide 28McGraw-Hill/IrwinSlide 28认识到了贫困户贫困的根本原因，才能开始对症下药，然后药到病除。近年来国家对扶贫工作高度重视，已经展开了“精准扶贫”项目Equal toAssets MinusLiabilities(Net Assets)EQUITYOwners Claims on AssetsAMcGraw-Hill/IrwinSlide 29McGraw-Hill/IrwinSlide 29认识到了贫困户贫困的根本原因，才能开始对症下药，然后药到病除。近年来国家对扶贫工作高度重视，已经展开了“精准扶贫”项目LiabilitiesEquityAssets=+EXPANDED ACCOUNTING EQUATIONRevenuesExpensesOwnerCapitalOwnerWithdrawals_ _+_ _Owners EquityLiabilitiesEquityAssets=+A1McGraw-Hill/IrwinSlide 30McGraw-Hill/IrwinSlide 30认识到了贫困户贫困的根本原因，才能开始对症下药，然后药到病除。近年来国家对扶贫工作高度重视，已经展开了“精准扶贫”项目TRANSACTION ANALYSIS EQUATION The accounting equation MUST remain in balance after each transaction.LiabilitiesEquityAssets=+A2McGraw-Hill/IrwinSlide 31McGraw-Hill/IrwinSlide 31认识到了贫困户贫困的根本原因，才能开始对症下药，然后药到病除。近年来国家对扶贫工作高度重视，已经展开了“精准扶贫”项目TRANSACTION ANALYSISTheaccountsinvolvedare:(1)Cash(asset)(2)OwnerCapital(equity)Chuck Taylor invests$30,000 cash to start a consulting business.A2McGraw-Hill/IrwinSlide 32McGraw-Hill/IrwinSlide 32认识到了贫困户贫困的根本原因，才能开始对症下药，然后药到病除。近年来国家对扶贫工作高度重视，已经展开了“精准扶贫”项目TRANSACTION ANALYSIS Chuck Taylor invests$30,000 cash to start a consulting business.Assets=Liabilities+EquityCashSuppliesEquipment AccountsPayableNotesPayableC.TaylorCapital(1)$30,000$30,000$30,000$-$-$-$-$30,000$30,000=$30,000A2McGraw-Hill/IrwinSlide 33McGraw-Hill/IrwinSlide 33认识到了贫困户贫困的根本原因，才能开始对症下药，然后药到病除。近年来国家对扶贫工作高度重视，已经展开了“精准扶贫”项目Theaccountsinvolvedare:(1)Cash(asset)(2)Supplies(asset)TRANSACTION ANALYSIS Purchased supplies paying$2,500 cash.A2McGraw-Hill/IrwinSlide 34McGraw-Hill/IrwinSlide 34认识到了贫困户贫困的根本原因，才能开始对症下药，然后药到病除。近年来国家对扶贫工作高度重视，已经展开了“精准扶贫”项目TRANSACTION ANALYSIS Purchased supplies paying$2,500 cash.Assets=Liabilities+EquityCashSuppliesEquipment AccountsPayableNotesPayableC.TaylorCapital(1)$30,000$30,000(2)(2,500)$2,500$27,500$2,500$-$-$-$30,000$30,000=$30,000A2McGraw-Hill/IrwinSlide 35McGraw-Hill/IrwinSlide 35认识到了贫困户贫困的根本原因，才能开始对症下药，然后药到病除。近年来国家对扶贫工作高度重视，已经展开了“精准扶贫”项目Theaccountsinvolvedare:(1)Cash(asset)(2)Equipment(asset)TRANSACTION ANALYSISPurchased equipment for$26,000 cash.A2McGraw-Hill/IrwinSlide 36McGraw-Hill/IrwinSlide 36认识到了贫困户贫困的根本原因，才能开始对症下药，然后药到病除。近年来国家对扶贫工作高度重视，已经展开了“精准扶贫”项目TRANSACTION ANALYSISPurchased equipment for$26,000 cash.Assets=Liabilities+EquityCashSuppliesEquipment AccountsPayableNotesPayableC.TaylorCapital(1)$30,000$30,000(2)(2,500)$2,500 (3)(26,000)$26,000$1,500$2,500$26,000$-$-$30,000$30,000=$30,000 A2McGraw-Hill/IrwinSlide 37McGraw-Hill/IrwinSlide 37认识到了贫困户贫困的根本原因，才能开始对症下药，然后药到病除。近年来国家对扶贫工作高度重视，已经展开了“精准扶贫”项目Theaccountsinvolvedare:(1)Supplies(asset)(2)AccountsPayable(liability)TRANSACTION ANALYSISPurchased Supplies of$7,100 and on account.A2McGraw-Hill/IrwinSlide 38McGraw-Hill/IrwinSlide 38认识到了贫困户贫困的根本原因，才能开始对症下药，然后药到病除。近年来国家对扶贫工作高度重视，已经展开了“精准扶贫”项目TRANSACTION ANALYSISPurchased Supplies of$7,100 and on account.Assets=Liabilities+EquityCashSuppliesEquipmentAccountsPayableNotesPayableC.TaylorCapital(1)$30,000$30,000(2)(2,500)$2,500(3)(26,000)$26,000(4)7,100$7,100$1,500$9,600$26,000$7,100$-$30,000$37,100=$37,100A2McGraw-Hill/IrwinSlide 39McGraw-Hill/IrwinSlide 39认识到了贫困户贫困的根本原因，才能开始对症下药，然后药到病除。近年来国家对扶贫工作高度重视，已经展开了“精准扶贫”项目Theaccountsinvolvedare:(1)Cash(asset)(2)Revenues(equity)TRANSACTION ANALYSISProvided consulting services receiving$4,200 cash.A2McGraw-Hill/IrwinSlide 40McGraw-Hill/IrwinSlide 40认识到了贫困户贫困的根本原因，才能开始对症下药，然后药到病除。近年来国家对扶贫工作高度重视，已经展开了“精准扶贫”项目TRANSACTION ANALYSISProvided consulting services receiving$4,200 cash.Assets=Liabilities+EquityCashSuppliesEquipment AccountsPayableNotesPayable C.TaylorCapital Revenue(1)$30,000$30,000(2)(2,500)$2,500 (3)(26,000)$26,000 (4)7,100$7,100(5)4,200$4,200$5,700$9,600$26,000$7,100$-$30,000$4,200$41,300=$41,300 A2McGraw-Hill/IrwinSlide 41McGraw-Hill/IrwinSlide 41认识到了贫困户贫困的根本原因，才能开始对症下药，然后药到病除。近年来国家对扶贫工作高度重视，已经展开了“精准扶贫”项目FINANCIAL STATEMENTSLets prepare the Financial Statements reflecting the transactions we have recorded.1.Income Statement2.Statement of Owners Equity3.Balance Sheet4.Statement of Cash FlowsP1McGraw-Hill/IrwinSlide 42McGraw-Hill/IrwinSlide 42认识到了贫困户贫困的根本原因，才能开始对症下药，然后药到病除。近年来国家对扶贫工作高度重视，已经展开了“精准扶贫”项目Net income is the difference between Revenues and Expenses.The income statement describes