论英国下午茶文化.docx

Acknowledgments My deepest gratitude goes first and foremost to Professor Lu Chunmei, my supervisor, for her constant encouragement and guidance. She has walked me through all the stages of the writing of this thesis, given me suggestions on the topic and encourage me to finish the thesis. Without her consistent and illuminating instruction, this thesis could not finish successfully. Second, I extend my thanks to Professor Li Qiang and every teacher who has helped me with useful suggestions on the structure in his class. Besides, my thanks would go to my beloved family for their loving considerations and great confidence in me all through these years. I also owe my sincere gratitude to my friends and my fellow classmates who gave me their help, encourage and time in listening to me and helping me work out my problems during the difficult course of the thesis.iiAbstractTea is not only a kind of drink, but also a culture and a spirit. Referring to the tea culture, the first country that emerges in people's minds is often China. Indeed, China is the largest tea producer in the world, so there is rich and special tea culture in China. With the development of history, tea culture has been developed and promoted and it was given a profound cultural connotation. However, because of the different origins and ways of drinking, the connotations of tea culture are also very different. Britain is the largest tea consuming country in the world and the British Low Tea culture gets a new height with the British unique historical background and customs although tea culture originated in China. British Low Tea culture is one of the British landmark features, with noble and elegant temperament. It profoundly affected British lifestyle, and had a great significance in the British literature works. In this thesis, the British Low Tea culture will be studied. This thesis will analyze the history, development, rituals and cultural content of British Low Tea culture by using document analysis and film and television analysis from the perspective of culture and sum up the nature of the British Low Tea culture and enhance the standings of the British Low Tea culture, while promoting the exchange of tea culture between China and Britain, so as to avoid cultural differences caused by culture communication misunderstanding.Key words: British Low Tea Culture; overview; cultural connotation摘 要茶不仅是一种饮品，更是一种文化，一种精神。提及茶文化，人们脑海中浮现的第一个国家往往是中国。的确，中国作为世界上的第一茶叶生产大国，其茶文化丰富多彩。经过历史的发展，茶文化得到了发展和提升，同时，被赋予了深刻的文化内涵。然而，茶的起源不同，饮用方式不同，所承载的文化内涵也存在很大的差异。英国作为全球最大的茶叶消费国家，在其独有的历史背景和风俗文化下，形成了英国独具特色的下午茶文化，把茶文化推向了新的高度。英国下午茶文化是英国标志性的特征之一,具有高贵优雅的气质,并深刻地影响了人们的生活方式，同时在英国文化作品中具有重要意义。本文以“英国下午茶文化”为研究主题,从文化视角出发，利用跨文化交际理论，采用文献资料和影视作品分析的方法对“英国下午茶文化”的历史发展、礼仪和文化内容做出比较全面的论述，总结出英国下午茶文化的本质，增加对英国下午茶文化的了解，同时促进中英两国在茶文化上的交流，从而避免由于文化差异造成的文化交流误会。关键词：英国下午茶；概貌；文化内涵iiiContents云南民族大学毕业论文(设计)原创性声明iAcknowledgmentsiiAbstractiii摘 要iv1. Introduction11.1 Research Background11.2 Aims and Significance of the Study11.3 General Structure of the Thesis22. Literature Review42.1 Research Abroad42.2 Domestic Study53. The Overview of British Low Tea63.1 History63.1.1 Origin63.1.2 Development73.2 Components83.2.1 Tea Sets83.2.2 Types of Tea113.2.3 Dessert113.3 Etiquette123.3.1 Time and Place123.3.2 Clothing133.3.3 Etiquette134. The Connotation of British Low Tea144.1 Healthy Lifestyle144.2 Decorous Culture Forms144.3 Rich Literary Images165. Conclusion17References18201. IntroductionPresident Xi Jinping once mentioned that China was the hometown of tea, while the UK brought the afternoon tea to the extreme when visiting Britain in October 2015. The tea aroma diffuses in the whole England, the British tea culture is one symbol of the characteristics of the United Kingdom, its temperament is noble and elegant, and it has a profound impact on the British's life style and ideology.1.1 Research BackgroundChina is the world's largest tea producer; the UK is the largest consumer of tea. Tea culture originated in China, but the British tea culture gets to a new height. As the hometown of tea, Chinese per capita consumption of tea is 0.4 kilograms. Britain does not produce tea, but the highest per capita consumption of tea is up to 3 kilograms. Britain's tea consumption almost account for 70% of the total beverage consumption. Britain is the largest consumer of tea in the world. Britain's annual tea imports amounted to about 10,000 tons, ranking first in the world. In the UK, tea has become an essential beverage, a must for life, and a spiritual enjoyment. British tea culture is an important part of the world's tea culture and it inspires us to pursue and explore. China's tea culture has been introduced to the United Kingdom with tea, so China's tea culture is closely related with the British tea culture. For the British local culture, "tea" is a foreign goods, but it has combined with the local culture and formed a tea culture with British national characteristics. The study of British "tea culture" can not only help us to understand the customs of Britain, but also have a very important academic and practical significance for the study of British spiritual civilization.1.2 Aims and Significance of the StudyBritish Tea Culture is a very important topic in the world's tea culture. However, the study of British Tea Culture, especially the British Low Tea Culture, has not been paid enough attention, and there are few systematic studies in the past years. This paper will explore the origin, development, etiquette and cultural connotation of British Low Tea Culture from the perspective of culture, using the methods of document analysis and film analysis to increase the understanding of British Low Tea Culture and promote the tea culture exchange between China and Britain so as to avoid cultural differences caused by cultural exchange misunderstanding. On the other hand, the study of tea culture of other countries can promote the communication of the world tea culture and reflect the importance and the charm of Chinese tea culture.With the acceleration of globalization, international exchange is becoming more and more frequent, and cultural exchange is becoming more and more important. In order to promote cultural exchange, comparative study of cultural differences plays an important role in cultural exchange. When we compare cultural differences, it is particularly important to know about foreign cultures. The British Low Tea is famous for its rigorous etiquette. Etiquette is the important part of cultural exchanges. The British Low Tea is special with a different history, climate, development and culture, although the tea was first spread to Britain from China. Exploring the development of British Low Tea and etiquette culture is conducive to Sino-British tea culture exchanges. Exploring the British Low Tea etiquette can not only help us to increase the understanding of the British tea culture, but also deepen the understanding of Chinese tea culture. In addition, the study of the British "afternoon tea culture" reflects the British concept of life and values. We can carry forward the Chinese traditional culture using the experience that British deal with foreign cultural challenges.1.3 General Structure of the ThesisThis paper is divided into five parts.The first part is the introduction which includes the present research situation both home and abroad, background, purpose and significances of this thesis.The second part is literature review.The third part introduces the history, components and etiquette of British Low Tea Culture.The fourth part appreciates the cultural connotation of British Low Tea Culture.The fifth part is conclusion.2. Literature ReviewAt present, there a few studies about British Low Tea Culture in Domestic Study, but the author can get a good inspiration by reading these references. In Research Abroad, most scholars pay more attention to the history and development of the British Low Tea Culture.2.1 Research AbroadBecause of the short history of tea in the West, foreign research in this area is limited, even in the UK; most scholars are exploring the tea trade and tea culture, while few people study British tea culture and its cultural connotations.William Ukers All about Tea has a greater impact in China. In 1949 it was translated into Chinese by Mr. Wu JueNong. This book covers the history, culture, commerce and art of tea in China, Britain, Japan, the United States and other countries. But there is little discussion about British Low Tea Culture in this book and the author didnt pay much attention to the study of the British Low Tea and its cultural connotation.Jane Pettigrew, the British writer, whose The Connoisseurs Guide to Tea covers the origin of tea, tea production and appreciation of tea. The paper focuses on the life style of British Low Tea and the author demonstrates that British Low Tea is a meaningful form of Afternoon Tea in Europe.British scholar T. Eden's Tea lists the cultural representative of the country and tea customs.The Encyclopedia of European Social History, Volume 6, deals with the changes in European consumer culture from the 17th to the 19th centuries. The British way of recreation was popular in that time and the life of tea drinking brought about a change in the social status of women. This change promotes the further development of tea culture. In the "Drinks and Drugs", the process of British beverage consumption has been discussed. Tea was originally of medicinal value in the UK. This discussion has a great inspiration on the author of this thesis especially in the reflection of the cultural connotation of the afternoon tea.Kim Wilson's Tea with Jane Austen has a great inspiration on the author in the third part of the paper as well.2.2 Domestic StudyAt present, the domestic studies on the British Low Tea Culture are mainly published in some journals. The content of these studies are complicated and most of them are repeated in content.Huang Xuezhou introduced the origin of the British tea culture and etiquette in "An Analysis of British Afternoon Tea Culture”, but ignores the details of some etiquette. The article is divided into four parts; the first part introduces the history of British tea development. The second part briefly introduces the etiquette of tea party. The third part analyzes the words derived from tea culture. The fourth part compares the British afternoon tea culture with Chinese tea culture. Zhang Zhongliang and Mao Xianjie introduced the history and content of British afternoon tea in the Chinese Tea Culture. The author of this thesis has derived inspiration from this book.Wen Quan thinks that the British tea culture can be divided into four parts, Early Morning Tea, Morning Tea, Afternoon Tea, also called Low Tea, and High Tea and does a detailed introduction of the history of British tea culture.3. The Overview of British Low TeaIn the 16th century, some records about China Tea had appeared in the Europeans writings. 17th century, Chinese tea adopted formally into the European market by Portugal and Netherlands through trades, many, many western countries had joined the ranks of Chinese tea consumption, but only England formed its own tea culture system. The tea culture of England rooted in its traditional cultural soil, and the formation is affected by the domestic politics, the economy and the social life and so on. This part examines the characteristics of British Low Tea Culture, presenting the difficulty of tea becoming the national drink of Great Britain that consists of the disturbance caused by tea, etiquette and components and their development.3.1 HistoryChina is the origin of tea, which has been recognized by the world. Tea has been firstly limited to China and then began to gradually affect the surrounding countries as gifts to the monks and envoys that visited china or came from china. The opening of the new sea-route began a journey of the Westerners in the world, which means that the Westerners would be attracted by the charm of tea.3.1.1 Origin In the 16th century, "Chinese tea" was introduced formally into Europe. A strong economic temptation stimulated the European powers to pursue Chinese tea. The opening of the new sea-route has sped up the pace of communication between the East and the West with trade. In 1657, tea crowded into the European market by a trading channel of Portugal and the Netherlands. It is from that time that Western people began to know the existence of tea. Before the 16th century, there is no tea in Britain; the British main drink is coffee and wine. In the 16th century, with the gradual deepening of Sino-British trade cooperation, tea is exported to the Britain as a commodity. At the beginning, tea was introduced into Britain because of its medicinal value. In 1662, the Portuguese princess Catherine married British Prince Charles II. As a loyal fan of tea, she came into royal household with a big box as dowry which is filled with tea from China. Catherine entertained her friends and relatives with tea in the royal palace. She has been appreciated by friends and relatives, and she was also known as the "Queen of tea." Seeing royal Princess Catherines elegant tea manners, royal nobility began to follow suit, so the trend of drinking tea became popular gradually in the royal family and people regarded drinking tea as a fashion symbol. Tea as a drink is spread, so more and more people have a strong interest in tea. But at that time, the export volume of tea is limited, and the price is extremely expensive. Therefore, tea is only popular in the royal family and nobility. Tea has become the representatives of identity and wealth. With the British tea imports continue to increase, a large number of tea was transported into the Britain and tea has gradually become ordinary people's daily drinks. Tea has been loved widely. With continuous improvement of British understanding of tea, it was found that tea is more beneficial to the body than wine and coffee. It can reduce blood pressure and blood lipids, so tea has become the major and the most influential drink in Britain.3.1.2 DevelopmentAt the beginning of the eighteenth century, with the gradual deepening of Sino-British trade cooperation, tea was introduced into Europe, and the consumption quantity grew up rapidly. To the mid-eighteenth century, tea had become indispensable mass consumer goods in daily life. The 7th Duchess of Bedford, Anna Maria, prepared a small amount of cake, bread, and cream for her tea in the afternoon to entertain Queen Victoria. It was said that the queen was too enjoy to be willing to go home. The British court began to regard afternoon tea as an essential enjoyment of nobi