英语写作的常见错误39707.docx

英语写作常常见错误分分析一不一致致（Disaagreeementts）所谓不一一致不光指指主谓不一一致，它还还包括了数数的不一致致时态不不一致及代代词不一致等例例 Wheen one havee moneey ,he can do whatt he wantt to .(人一旦有有了钱，他他就能想干干什么就干干什么)剖析：one是单数第第三人称，因因而本句的的have应改为has 同理，want应改为wantts.本句是典型型的主谓不不一致改改为：Onnce one has moneey ,he can do whatt he wantts (to do)二修饰语语错位（Mispplaceed Modiifierrs）英语与汉汉语不同，同同一个修饰饰语置于句句子不同的的位置，句句子的含义义可能引起起变化对对于这一点点中国学生生往往没有有引起足够够的重视，因因而造成了了不必要的的误解例例 I beliieve  I can do it welll and I willl bettter knoww the worlld outsside  the camppus.         剖析：bettter位置不当当，应置于于句末三句子不不完整（Senttencee Fraggmentts）在口语中中，交际双双方可借助助手势语气气上下文等等，不完整整的句子完完全可以被被理解可可是书面语语就不同了了，句子结结构不完整整会令意思思表达不清清，这种情情况常常发发生在主句句写完以后后，笔者又又想加些补补充说明时时发生例例 Theere are manyy wayss to knoww the sociiety. For exammple  by TV ,raddio ,newwspapper and so on .        剖析：本本句后半部部分foor exammple  by TV ,raddio ,newwspapper and so on .”不是一个个完整的句句子，仅为为一些不连连贯的词语语，不能独独立成句改为：Therre are manyy wayss to knoww sociiety  ,forr exammple  ,by TV ,raddio ,andd newsspapeer.四悬垂修修饰语（Dangglingg Modiifierrs）所谓悬垂垂修饰语是是指句首的的短语与后后面句子的的逻辑关系系混乱不清清例如：At the age of ten, my granndfatther  died. 这句中at the age of ten只点出出十岁时，但但没有说明明” 谁”十岁时按一般推推理不可能能是my granndfatther, 如果我们们把这个悬悬垂修饰语语改明确一一点，全句句就不那么么费解了改为：Whhen I was ten, my granndfatther  diedd.例 To do welll in colllege, goodd graddes are esseentiaal.剖析析：句中不不定式短语语 “to do welll in colllege” 的逻辑主主语不清楚楚改为：To do welll in colllege, a studdent needds goodd graddes.五词性误误用(Missuse  of Partts of Speeech)“词性误用”常表现为为：介词当当动词用；形容词当当副词用；名词当动动词用等例 Nonne can negaativee the impoortannce of moneey.剖析析：negaativee 系形容词词，误作动动词。改为为：Nonne can denyy the impoortannce of moneey.六指代不不清(Ambbiguous Refeerencce of Pronnounss)指代不不清主要讲讲的是代词词与被指代代的人或物物关系不清清，或者先先后所用的的代词不一一致。试看看下面这一一句：Mary was frieendlyy to my sistter becaause  she wantted her to be her briddesmaaid.(玛丽和我我姐姐很要要好，因为为她要她做做她的伴娘娘。)读完上面面这一句话话，读者无无法明确地地判断两位位姑娘中谁谁将结婚，谁谁将当伴娘娘。如果我我们把易于于引起误解解的代词的的所指对象象加以明确确，意思就就一目了然然了。这个个句子可改改为：Maary was frieendlyy to my sistter becaause  she wantted my sistter to be her briddesmaaid.例例1. AAnd we can alsoo knoww the sociiety  by servving  it yourrselff.         剖析：句句中人称代代词we 和反身代代词yourrselff指代不一一致。改为为：          We can alsoo knoww sociiety  by servving  it oursselvees.七不间断断句子(Runn-on  Senteencess)什么叫run-on senttencee?请看下面面的例句。例 There are many ways we get to know the outside world.  剖析：这个句子包含了两层完整的意思：“There are many ways.” 以及“We get to know the outside world.”。简单地把它们连在一起就不妥当了。改为： There are many ways for us to learn about the outside world. 或： There are many ways through which we can become acquainted with the outside world八措词毛毛病(Trooublees in Dicttion)Dicttion  是指在特特定的句子子中如何适适当地选用用词语的问问题，囿于于教学时间间紧迫，教教师平时在在这方面花花的时间往往往极其有有限，影响响了学生在在写作中没没有养成良良好的推敲敲，斟酌的的习惯。他他们往往随随心所欲，拿拿来就用。所所以作文中中用词不当当的错误比比比皆是。例 The increasing use of chemical obstacles in agriculture also makes pollution.(农业方面化学物质使用的不断增加也造成了污染。)剖析：显然，考生把obstacles“障碍”，“障碍物”误作substance“物质”了。另外“the increasing use (不断增加的使用)” 应改为“abusive use (滥用)”。改为：The abusive use of chemical substances in agriculture also causes/leads to pollution.九累赘(Reduundanncy)言言以简洁为为贵。写句句子没有一一个多余的的词；写段段落没有一一个无必要要的句子。能能用单词的的不用词组组；能用词词组的不用用从句或句句子。如：In spitte of the factt thatt he is lazyy, I likee him.本句的“the factt thatt he is lazy”系同谓语语从句，我我们按照上上述“能用词组组的不用从从句”可以改为为：In spitte of his laziinesss, I  likke him.例 Forr the peopple who are diliigentt and kindd, moneey is justt the thinng to be usedd to buy the thinng theyy needd.         剖析：整整个句子可可以大大简简化。         改为：        DDiliggent, cariing peopple use moneey onlyy to buy whatt theyy needd.十不连贯贯(Inccoherrencee)         不连贯是是指一个句句子前言不不对后语，或或是结构上上不畅通。这这也是考生生常犯的毛毛病。例 Thee fressh wateer, it is the mostt impoortannt thinngs of the eartth.                                      剖析析：The fressh wateer 与逗号后后的it 不连贯。It 与thinngs 在数方面面不一致。改为：Fresh water is the most important thing in the world.十一综合合性语言错错误(Commprehhensiive Misuusagee)所谓“综合性语言错错误”，是指除除了上述十十种错误以以外，还有有诸如时态态，语态，标标点符号，大大小写等方方面的错误误。例1Todaay, Moneey to everryboddy is veryy impoortannce,  ours eat, clotth, livee, go etc.作文开头部部分1-1 对立法 :先引出其其他人的不不同看法,然后提出出自己的看看法或者偏偏向于某一一看法, 适用于有有争议性的的主题.例如(e.gg)  1. Wheen assked abouut., the vastt/oveerwheelminng maajoriity oof peeopleesay thatt . Butt I tthinkk/vieew a bit diffferenntly.       2. Wheen itt commes tto . , somme peeoplee bellievee thaat . Ottherssarguue/cllaim thatt thee opppositte/reeversse iss truue . Therre iss proobablly soome ttruthhin bboth arguumentts/sttatemmentss , bbut (I teend tto thhe prroferr/lattter .)       3. Noww, itt is commmonlyy/gennerallly/wwidelly beelievved/hheld/acknnowleedgeddthatt . Thhey cclaimm/bellievee/arggue tthat . But I woonderr/douubt wwhethher.11-2现象象法引出要剖析析的现象或或者问题,然后评论 .e.gg   1. Reccentlly thhe riise iin prrobleem off/(phhenommenonn of) . hass cauused/aroousedd pubblic/popuular/widee/worrldwiide cconceern.        2. Reccentlly thhe isssue of tthe pprobllem oof/thhe phhenommenonn of .hhas bbeen brouught intoo foccus. ( haas beeen bbraugght tto puublicc atttentiion)       3.Infllatioon/Coorrupptionn/Soccial ineqqualiity . iis yeet annotheer off theenew and bittter ttruthh we havee to learrn too facce noow/coonstaantlyy.1-33观点法 -开门见山,直接了当当地提出自自己对要讨讨论的问题题的看法.e.g:     1.  Neveer hiistorry haas thhe chhangee of . bbeen as eevideent aas .Nowwheree in the worlld/Chhina has the issuue/iddea oof . beeen moore vvisibble/ppopullar tthan.        2.  Now peopple iin grrowinng/siignifficannt nuumberrs arre beeginnning/comiing tto reealizze/accceptt/(bee awaare) thatt.        3.  Now therre iss a ggrowiing aawareenesss/reccogniitionn of the neceessittyto.Noww peoople becoome iincreeasinngly awarre/coonsciious of tthe iimporrtancce off .        4. Perrhapss it is ttime to hhave a frresh lookk at the attiitudee/ideeathaat.1-4引用用法 -先引引出名人名名言或者有有代表性的的看法,来引出文章章要展开论论述的观点点!e.g:  1. "Knnowleedge is ppowerr." ssuch is tthe rremarrk maade bby Baacon. Thiis reemarkkhas beenn shaared by mmore and moree peoople .       "Eduucatiion iis noot coompleete wwith gradduatiion."" Succh iss thee opiinionn of agreeat   Ameriican phillosoppher. Noww morre annd moore ppeoplle shhare his opinnion.       2."." How ofteen wee heaar suuch sstateementts/woords likee theeses/thiss .        In oour oown ddays we aare uused to hheariing ssuch tradditioonal compplainns assthiss ".".1-5比较法 -通通过对过去去,现在两种不同同的倾向,观点的比比较 ,引出文文章要讨论论的观点.e.g:   1. Forr yeaars, .hhad bbeen viewwed aas . Buut peeoplee aree takking a frreshllook now. Witth thhe grrowinng . , peopple . .       2. Peoople usedd to thinnk thhat . (In tthe ppast, .) BBut ppeoplle noowshaare tthis new .1-6故事法 -先讲一一个较短的的故事来引引发读者的的兴趣,引出文章章的主题.e.g:  1. Oncce inn (a newsspapeer) , I rread of/llearnnt . TThe pphenoomenoon off. has arouused publlic cconceern.        2. I hhave a frriendd whoo . Shoould he . ? Suuch aa dillemmaa we areooftenn connfronnt wiith iin ouur daaily lifee.       3. Oncce uppon aa timme , therre liived a maan whho . Thhis sstoryy mayy be(unbeelievvablee) , but it sstilll hass a rrealiisticc siggnifiicancce noow. 1-7 问题法 -先用用讨论或解解答的设问问,引出自己己观点,适用于有有争议性的的话题.e.g:       Shouuld/WWhat . ? Opttionss of . varyy greeatlyy , ssome ., othhers .BBut iin myy opiinionn , . .作文主体部部分<一>原因因结果分析析3-1-1.基本本原因 -分析某事事物时,用此句型型说明其基基本的或者者多方面的的原因.e.g:  1. Whyy . ? FFor oone tthingg. FFor aanothher .        2. Thee ansswer to tthis probblem invoolvess manny faactorrs. FFor oone tthingg.FFor aanothher. Stiill aanothher .        3. A nnumbeer off facctorss , bboth physsicall andd psyychollogiccal aaffecct ./bboth indiividuual aand ssociaal coontriibutee to .3-1-2另一原原因 ->在分分析了基本本原因之后后,再补充一一个次要的的或者更重重要时用!e.g:  1. Anootherr impportaant ffactoor iss .       2. . is alsoo ressponssiblee forr thee chaange/probblem.       3. Cerrtainnly , thee . is not the solee reaason for .3-1-3后果影影响 -分析析某事物可可能造成的的后果或者者带来的影影响 .e.gg:  1. It willl prooducee a pprofoound/far-reacchingg efffect/impaact oon.       2. In invoolvess somme seeriouus coonseqquencce foor .<二 >比较对对照句型33-2-11.两者比比较 ->比较两两事物,要说出其其一超过另另一个,或肯定一一事物的优优点,也肯定其其缺点的时时候用 !e.g:    1. Thhe addvanttagess gaiined fromm A aare mmuch greaater thann thee advvantaageswwe gaain ffrom B.        2. Inddeed, A ccarriies mmuch weigght wwhen compparedd witth B.       3. Theere iis noo douubt tthat it hhas iits nnegattive effeects as wwell aspoositiive eeffeccts.33-2-22 .两者者相同/相似 ->>比较两事事物共同都都有或者共共同都没有有的特点时时用!e.g:   1. A aand BB havve seeveraal thhingss in commmon.               TThey are simiilar in tthat.       2. A bbearss somme sttrikiing rresemmblannces to BB.作文结尾部部分2-1结论论性-通过对对文章前面面的讨论,引出或重重申文章的的中心思想想及观点 .e.gg:    1. Froom whhat hhas bbeen disccusseed abbove, we may safeely ddraw thecooncluusionn thaat .        2. In ssummaary/IIn a wordd , iit iss morre vaaluabble .2-2后果果性-揭示示所讨论的的问题若不不解决,将产生的的严重后果果.e.g:   1. We mmust calll forr an immeediatte meethodd , bbecauuse tthe ccurreentpheenomeenon of . , if alloowed to pproceeed, willl surrely leadd to the heavvycosst off .       2. Obvvioussly , if we iignorre/arre bllind to    thee prooblemm , ttheree iseeveryy chaance thatt . willl be put in ddangeer .22-3号召召性 -呼吁读读者行动起起来,采取行动动或提请注注意.e.g:  1. Itt is timee thaat wee urgged aan immmediiate end to tthe uundessirabbleteendenncy oof .       2. It is eessenntiall thaat efffecttive meassuress shoould be ttakenn toccorreect tthe ttendeency .2-44建议性 -对所讨讨论的问题题提出建议议性的意见见,包括建议议和具体的的解决问题题的方法.e.g: 1. Whiile iit caannott be solvved iimmeddiateely, stilll thhere are  wayss. Thhemosst poopulaar iss . Annotheer meethodd is . Stilll annotheer onne iss .       2. Awaareneess/RRecoggnitiion oof thhe prrobleem iss thee firrst sstep towaard tthesiituattion.2-5方向向性的结尾尾方式 -其与建建议性的唯唯一差别就就是对问题题解决提出出总的,大体的方方向或者指指明前景.e.g: 1. Manny soolutiions are beinng offfereed heere , alll of themm makke soomeseense, butt nonne iss adeequatte ennoughh. Thhe prrobleem shhouldd be recoognizzed iin awwide way .       2. Theere iis noo quiick mmethood too thee isssue oof ., buut . migght bbehellpfull/benneficcial.       3. Thee greeat cchalllengee todday iis . Theere iis muuch ddiffiicultty ,bbut .22-6意意义性的结结尾方式 ->文章章结尾的时时候,从更高的更更新的角度度指出所讨讨论的问题题的重要性性以及其深深远的意义义!e.g: 1. Folllowiing tthesee sugggesttionss mayy nott guaaranttee tthe ssucceess, buttthe ppay ooff mmightt be wortth thhe efffortt . IIt wiill nnot oonly beneefit but alsoobeneefit .       2. In any casee, whhetheer itt is posiitivee or negaativee, onne thhing isceertaiin thhat iit wiill uundouubteddly .提纲式模块块（I）说明原因因型模块（一一）Nowwadayys ,ttheree aree morre annd moore XXX inn somme biig ciitiess . IIt iss esttimatted tthat ( 1 ). WWhy hhave therre beeen sso maany XXX ? Maybbe thhe reeasonns caan bee lissted as ffolloows.TThe ffirstt onee is thatt ( 22 ) .Besiides,( 3 ) . The thirrd reeasonn is ( 4 ).Too summ up ,thee maiin caause of XXX iss duee to ( 5 ) .IIt iss higgh tiime tthat someethinng weere ddone uponn it. On the one handd,( 6 ).Onn thee othher hhand ,( 77 ). All thesse meeasurres wwill certtainlly reeducee thee nummber of XXX .注注释：（1）用具体体数据说明明XX现象（2）原因一一（3）原因二二（4）原因三三（5）指出主主要原因（6）解决建议议一（7）解决建建议二Geeneraationn gapp bettweenn parrentss andd chiildreen Noowadaays , theere aare mmore and moree missundeerstaandinng beetweeen paarentts annd chhildrren wwhichh is so- callled ggenerratioon gaap . It iis esstimaated thatt (755 perrcenttagessof pparennts ooftenn commplaiin thheir chilldrenn's uunreaasonaable behaaviorr whiile cchilddren usuaally thinnk thheir pareents too old fashhioneed). Why havee theere bbeen so muuch mmisunndersstandding betwween pareents and chilldrenn?Mayybe tthe rreasoons ccan bbe liistedd as folllows . The ffirstt onee is thatt ( tthe ttwo ggenerratioons,hhavinng grrown up aat diifferrent timees, hhave diffferennt liikes and disllikess ,thhus tthe ddisaggreemment ofteen riises betwween themm) . Besiides,(duee to haviing llittlle inn commmon to ttalk abouut , theyy aree nott willlingg to sit facee to facee ) . Thee thiird rreasoon iss (wiith tthepaace oof moodernn liffe beecomiing ffasteer annd faasterr , bboth of tthem are so bbusy withh theeir wwork or sstudyy thaat thhey ddon'tt spaare eenouggh tiime tto exxchannge iideass ).To suum upp ,thhe maain ccausee of XX iis duue too ( llake of ccommuunicaationn andd unddersttandiing eeach otheer) .It iis hiigh ttime thatt sommethiing wwere donee upoon itt. Onn thee onee hannd, (chilldrenn shoouldrrespeect ttheirr parrentss ).OOn thhe otther handd ,( pareents alsoo shoould showw sollicittue ffor ttheirr chiildreen). All thesse meeasurres wwill certtainlly brridgee thee gennerattion gap .第二天：（I）说明原原因型模块块（2）In rrecennt yeears , xxx hass cauused a heeatedd debbate on ( 1 ).Thee facctorss forr ( 22 ) .Firsst off alll ,( 3 ).Thenn , ttheree commes aa casse thhat ( 4 ). Mooreovver , ( 55 ) . Esppeciaally whenn ( 66 ) .Indeeed, thesse unniquee poiints can be ccolleectedd to remiind ppeoplle thhat ( 7 ).In thiss wayy ,wee shoould behaave jjust likee ( 88 ).TThe iimpacct off TellevissionIIn reecentt yeaars , witth thhe deeveloopmennt off sciiencee andd tecchnollogy ,80 perccent of aall hhomess in Chinna haave ssatelllitee TV , offferiing aas maany aas 500 chaannells .IIt haas caausedd a hheateed deebatee on (thee imppact of ttelevvisioon onn chiildreen ). Manny paarenttsare wworriied aaboutt thee imppact of sso muuch ttelevvisioonon chilldrenn.Thee facctorss forr (paarentts' wworryy is thatt chiildreen arre inndulgge inn tellevission and spennd tooo muuch ttime on iit .) .Fiirst of aall ,(witth soomany proggramss to chooose ffrom , chhildrren aare nnot ggettiing aas muuch eexerccise as tthey shouuld ).Theen , therre coomes a caase tthat ( soome sstudiies hhave showw thaat exxcesssive watcchingg of teleevisiion bby miillioonsoff chiildreen haas loowereed thheir abillity to aachieeve iin scchooll ). Moreeoverr , ( thee efffect on cchilddren''s miinds are moree serriouss thaanthee efffect on cchilddren''s boodiess ) . Esppeciaally whenn ( tthe cchilddren are too smalll too juddge wwhat proggramss aree suiit too theem ) .Indeeed, tthesee uniique poinnts ccan b