2022年湖南省高中学业水平合格考英语模拟试卷及答案详解.docx

2022年湖南省普通高中学业水平合格性考试仿真试卷英语本试题卷分为阅读技能、知识运用、写作技能三个部分，共8页。时量90分钟,满分100分。第一部分阅读技能（共两节，满分45分）第一节阅读理解（共12小题；每小题3分，满分36分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项,并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。“Four great inventions in ancient China are important symbols of the country. Now China has “new four great inventions,: high-speed trains, mobile payment, bike sharing and online shopping. They are changing people's lives in China and maybe all over the world.High-speed trainsBy the end of 2016, China had the world's largest high-speed railway network. More than 2,500 high-speed trains are running across China each day.Lin Jinlong, an oversea student from Cambodia shared his experience of traveling by Chinese high-speed train from Beijing to Tianjin. The two cities are over 100 km away, but the trip took only about half an hour. "That was amazing! Lin said.Mobile paymentMobile payment has become a part of Chinese people's everyday life. It makes their lives much more convenient. "My wallet is not in use any more. I can buy almost anything I want simply with my mobile phone J said Lin. "Even vegetable sellers are using mobile payment”Bike sharingBike sharing is not new itself, but the bike sharing in China is special 一 it allows users to pick a bike anywhere in the city and leave it anywhere at the end of their journey. TVs really convenient, cheap and green. A bike sharing company called Mobile has even brought the service to other countries.Online shoppingYou are out if you have never shopped online. Now you can buy almost everything from world.（中国古代的“四大发明”是国家的重要标志。现在中国有了“新四大发明”：高铁、移动 支付、共享单车和网上购物。他们正在改变中国乃至全世界人民的生活）”结合文章主要介绍 了中国“新四大发明”：高铁、移动支付、共享单车和网上购物的情况。可知，B选项“中国，新 四大发明最符合文章标题。故选B。5. BA6. DB【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了 John Butler老师通过把自己的鞋子借给学生Peters,来帮 助他毕业的事情。5. 细节理解题。根据第一段中“Peters was wearing a pair of black sneakers with white soles. A school employee at the door told him the shoes he had on weren't allowed and wouldn?t let him inside.（ Peters穿着一双白色底的黑色运动鞋。学校门口的工作人员告诉他，他穿的鞋子是 不允许的，不让他进去）“可知，学校雇员只是遵守学校的规则。故选B。6. 细节理解题。根据第二段中“"It was just a no-brainer for me to just take my shoes off and give them to him." But they were big shoes to fill for Peters.（“我只是想都不用想就把鞋脱了给了他。 但对Peters来说，这是一个巨大的挑战）”可知，Butler把鞋子给了 Peters。故选A。7. 细节理解题。根据最后一段中“Be kind to one another, be thoughtful, and try to understand where other people are coming from. I just try my best to be the best human that I can possibly be for my kids. And I try to lead by example every day （善待他人，体贴他人，试着理解他人的想法。我 只是尽我所能为了我的孩子做最好的人。我每天都努力以身作则广可知，Butler通过树立榜 样教他的学生。故选D。8. 推理判断题。根据最后段中“Be kind to one another, be thoughtful, and try to understand where other people are coming from.（善待他人，体贴他人，试着理解他人的想法）”以及Butler帮助 答案第2页，共10页Peters的行为，可推知，Butler是个善良的人。故选B。9. DC10. BA【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了意大利的考古学家正在越来越多地了解大约2000年前 生活在庞贝的人们的日常生活。9. 细节理解题。根据文章第一段最后一句"Most recently, they've carefully uncovered a well-preserved street snack bar.（最近，他们小心翼翼地发现了一家保存完好的街头小吃店。）” 可知，最近意大利的考古学家发现了一家街头小吃店（Abar）。故选D项。10. 推理判断题。根据文章第二段第一句"Pompeii is an ancient city thafs famous for being suddenly covered under the ground in the year 79 by the nearby volcano, Vesuvius.（庞贝是一座 古老的城市，它因在公元79年突然被附近的维苏威火山覆盖而闻名。）”结合全段可知，本 段是在介绍庞贝古城的相关信息，也就是上段提到的小吃店的发现地的背景信息（To offer the background.）。故选 C 项。11. 词句猜测题。根据画线句上句“At least one of the jars held wine.（其中至少有一个罐子盛着 酒。）”可知，戴着面具都可以闻到的是酒（The wine.）的气味。故选B项。12. 细节理解题。根据文章倒数第四句"The scientists expect to learn even more after the things in all the jars are studied carefully in the laboratory.（科学家们希望在实验室仔细研究所有罐子里的 东西之后，能了解更多。）”可知，考古学家将继续研究这些罐子（The archaeologists will continue to study the jars.）。故选 A 项。13. CA14. D答案第3页，共10页【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一些锻炼开放思维的方法。13. 根据本段内容“Listen to new music. New music can help you emotionally connect with new people, places, and things. Read more novels and short stories. A good story can put you in the shoes of someone from a different place and time. Learn a new language can also help. A new language can allow you to communicate with new people and help you appreciate new cultures.（听新音乐。新的音乐可以帮助你与新的人、新的地方和新的事物建立情感联系。多 读一些小说和短篇故事。一个好的故事可以让你站在一个不同时空的人的立场上。学习一门 新语言也会有所帮助。一门新的语言可以让你与新的人交流，帮助你欣赏新的文化厂可知, 本段的主旨是尝试新的事物,C选项中New Things对应后文中new people, places, and thingso 故C选项“尝试新事物“符合语境，故选C。14. 根据本段内容“Work on listening more than you talk. You can meet all the people in the world, but youUl never learn anything about them if you do all the talking. Start conversation with new people whenever you can. Seize opportunities to visit new places. You don't need to go far to get the benefits of travel. Just look for a place where the way of life is different than your own.（多听 少说。你可以遇到世界上所有的人，但如果你只会说话，你永远不会了解他们。只要有机会， 就开始和陌生人交谈。抓住机会去参观新的地方。你不需要去很远的地方就能得到旅行的好 处。只要找一个生活方式与你不同的地方户可知，本段提到开始和陌生人交谈，即认识新朋 友。故A选项“认识新朋友”符合语境，故选A。15. 根据本段内容“Ask yourself how you formed a belief. Take a look at the beliefs you hold and ask yourself, "How did I come to believe this?” Try to notice whenever you make an assumption （假 设）.Assumptions are a natural part of thinking but, left unchecked, they can lead to close-mindedness. When you meet new people or find yourself in new situations, pay attention to your expectations. Ask yourself if your preconceived （预想）notions shape the way you act.（问 问 自己你是如何形成信念的。看看你的信念，问问自己，“我是怎么相信这些的？ ”试着注意到 每当你做一个假设。假设是思考的自然组成部分，但如果不加以控制，它们可能会导致思想 答案第4页，共10页封闭。当你遇到新的人或发现自己在新的情况下，注意你的期望。问问你自己，是否你先入 为主的观念影响了你的行为广可知，本段主要是关于反思自己的信念，D选项中Beliefs对 应后文中beliefs。故D选项“挑战你的信念”符合语境，故选D。16. CD17. AD18. AB19. DA20. BC【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。哈维萨顿和他的父母花了几个月的时间徒步旅行，走了数千英里，走 完了阿巴拉契亚山道。16. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：哈维，或“小矮人”，4岁时就开始了这条路，并在这条路上庆 祝了他的5岁生日。A. played玩；B.passed通过；C.celebrated庆祝；D.lived住。根据下 文“his 5th birthday on the trail”可知,这里是庆祝(celebrated)生日。故选 C 项。17. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：这条步道全长3530公里，从乔治亚州到缅因州，穿过阿巴拉契 亚山脉的森林。A. gets 得至！J； B. pulls 拉；C. takes 带走；D. runs 穿过。根据“through the forests of the Appalachian Mountains, from Georgia to Maine.”可知，穿过阿巴拉契亚山脉的森林。run through为固定搭配，表示“穿过”。故选D项。18. 考查副词词义辨析。句意:这条被许多人简单地称为“AT”的小径，总共经过14个州。A. simply 简单地;B. happily幸福地；C. calmly冷静地;D. immediately立即地。根据下文"the “AT” 可知，AT是简单地称为。故选A项。答案第5页，共10页19. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：因为徒步穿越阿特拉斯山很困难，所以每四个徒步者中只有一 个人能完成所有路段。A. important重要的；B. necessary必要的;C.different不同的；D. difficult 困难的。根据下文根nly one out of every four hikers completes all the sections of the trail.”可知, 徒步穿越阿特拉斯山很困难(difficult)。故选D项。20. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：但这并没有阻止哈维萨顿和他的家人征服AT。A. family家人； B. friends 朋友；C. teachers 老师；D. brothers 兄弟。根据下文“Harvey's parents, Alice and Mike, have been 6with Harvey since he was two years old.”可知，这里是指哈维和他的家人(family)。故选A项。21. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：哈维的父母爱丽丝和迈克从哈维两岁起就一直和他一起徒步旅行。A. studying 学习；B. hiking 徒步；C. planning 计戈/ D. starting 开始。根据下文"They prepared him for hiking the AT by starting out with lots of shorter 7 and hikes."可知,这里是指 哈维的父母爱丽丝和迈克从哈维两岁起就一直和他一起徒步旅行(hiking)o故选B项。22. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：他们让他做好了徒步穿越AT的准备，一开始就进行了大量的短 途步行和徒步旅行。A. ways方法；B. times次数；C.periods阶段；D. walks步行。根据下 文“and hikes”可知，空处与hikes并列,walks符合语境,表示“短途步行”。故选D项。23. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：哈维和他的家人花了很长时间才完成整个ATo A. complete望城； B. gain 得至lj； C. reach 达至U； D. make 制造。根据下文“Completing the AT taught Harvey and his parents how to work as a 10 and how to take on challenges together.”可知，这里是指 完成(complete)整个AT路线，complete为词义复现。故选A项。24. 考查动词短语辨析。句意：一般来说，这家人每天要徒步约16公里，然后停下来再次扎营。A. get up 起床；B. set up 建立；C. turn up 出现；D. take up 开始从事。根据上文“In general, the family hiked about 16 kilometers a day before stopping to”可知，每天徒步过后停下来是为了 安 营扎寨(set up)o故选B项。25.答案第6页，共10页 考查名词词义辨析。句意：完成AT教会了哈维和他的父母如何作为一个团队工作，如何一 起面对挑战。A. member成员；B. club俱乐部;C. team团队；D. unit单元。根据下文“and how to take on challenges together”可知完成AT教会了哈维和他的父母如何作为一个团队工作。 故选C项。26. a. have walked27. whylargest28. aboutstepping29. andprotection30. quietly 35 . to attract【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。一架无人机拍摄了中国昆明郊区一群大象打盹的照片和视频，引发了大 家的关注和讨论。26. 考查不定冠词。句意：大象们从他们的森林家园长途跋涉后停下来休息。分析句子可知，修 饰名词journey,且表泛指，应用不定冠词，long是以辅音音素开头词，应用a。故填a。27. 考查动词时态。句意：据报道，15头大象自去年春天离开它们位于云南西南部的自然保护 区以来，已经走了 500公里。根据since leaving their home可知，空处应用谓语动词walk的 现在完成时形式，且与主语15 elephants保持复数一致，所以填have walked。故填have walkedo 28.考查宾语从句。句意：没人知道它们为什么要离开。分析句子可知，knows后接的是宾语从 句，空处需要填连接词在宾语从句中作原因状语，应填连接副词why。故填why。29. 考查形容词最高级。句意：数百万人在中国第二大社交媒体平台微博上观看了大象的直播。答案第7页，共10页second largest表示"第二大”，作定语修饰名词media platform,符合句意。故填largest。30. 考查介词。句意：观众们为象群中的三只小象而疯狂，其中有一只是在这次伟大旅程中出生 的。be craze about为固定搭配，表示“对疯狂”。故填about。31. 考查非谓语动词。句意：大象也造成了很多麻烦，因为它们重重而粗心地踩着路上的所有东 西，包括庄稼和建筑物。介词by后面应填动词step的动名词形式stepping,表示“踩踏”。 故填 steppingo32. 考查连词。句意：大象也造成了很多麻烦，因为它们重重而粗心地踩着路上的所有东西，包 括庄稼和建筑物。分析句子可知，heavily和carelessly为并列关系，所以空处需要填并列连 词and。故填and。33. 考查名词。句意：但自从大象在中国获得国家一级保护以来，有关部门一直在用无人机悄无 声息地监控大象群的活动。分析句子可知，空处需要填名词形式protection作谓语动词receive 的宾语，不可数。故填protection。34. 考查副词。句意：但自从大象在中国获得国家一级保护以来，有关部门一直在用无人机悄无 声息地监控大象群的活动。分析句子可知，空处修饰谓语have been monitoring,应用副词形 式quietly,表示“安静地"。故填quietly。35. 考查非谓语动词。句意：为了让大象远离拥挤的城市，要么道路被建筑卡车堵塞，要么食物 被用作吸引它们的东西。分析句子可知，句子已有谓语is being used,所以空处应填动词 attract的非谓语动词形式，又因为空处表目的，所以应填不定式t。attract,表示“为了吸引L 故填 to attract o36. 避免聚在一起。37. Open windows often to keep the air of the room fresh.38. Don't touch eyes, mouth or nose with dirty hands.39. 不要熬夜太晚。40. 没有征求医生的意见，不要擅自服药。答案第8页，共10页【导语】本文是一篇说明文。在冬季，新冠肺炎的风险正在加大。本文主要介绍了一些在冬天保护自 己免受C0VID-19感染的建议。36.考查祈使句和固定搭配。本句为动词原形开头的祈使句，谓语动词Avoid表示“避免"；getting together是动名词作宾语，为固定搭配，表示“聚集，聚在一起故翻译为：避免聚在一起。 37.考查祈使句和不定式。分析句子可知，本句为祈使句，应用动词原形开头。表示“经常打开 窗户”应用Open windows often ；表示“保持房间的空气新鲜”应用不定式to ke叩the air of the room fresh表目的，其中形容词fresh作宾语the air of the room的宾语补足语。故翻译为Open windows often to keep the air of the room fresh.38. 考查祈使句否定和介词with。分析句子可知，本句为祈使句的否定，应用“Don，t+动词原形” 开头。表示“不要摸眼睛、嘴巴和鼻子”应用祈使句否定形式"Don't touch eyes, mouth or nose” 表示；表示“用脏手”应用介词with短语“with dirty hands”表示。故翻译为Don* touch eyes, mouth or nose with dirty hands.39. 考查固定搭配。分析句子可知，本句为祈使句的否定。stay up为固定搭配，表示“熬夜”；too late表示“太晚”。故翻译为：不要熬夜太晚。40. 考查固定搭配和介词。分析句子可知，本句为祈使句的否定。take medicines表示“服药”； 介词短语without asking a doctor for advice表示“没有征求医生的意见”,其中ask sb. for advice 为固定搭配，表示“征求某人的意见: 故翻译为：没有征求医生的意见，不要擅自服药。41. How to Spend a Meaningful WeekendLife on weekends is an important part of our daily life. How to spend a meaningful weekend?Here are some suggestions.First, we can help our parents do housework, such as washing dishes and sweeping the floor.On the weekend, doing housework can also let us experience the hard work. Second, we can exercise. For example, we can play ball games with our friends. Also, it's a good way to relax答案第9页，共10页 ourselves by running and swimming. Third, we can improve ourselves by painting or reading.Finally, do the things you like, such as listening to music or watching an enjoyable movie.Hope these suggestions can help you.【导语】本篇书面表达是一篇应用文。周末是我们生活中重要的一部分，如何使周末生活丰富多彩, 更有意义。要求学生以“How to Spend a Meaningful Weekend”为题，根据所给要点写一篇英 语短文。【详解】.词汇积累帮助：help一assist比如：fbr example一 for instance方法：way一method建议：suggestion一 advice1 .句式拓展简单句变复合句原句：First, we can help our parents do housework, such as washing dishes and sweeping the floor. 拓展句：First, we can help our parents do housework, which includes washing dishes and sweeping the floor.【点睛】【高分句型 1 J On the weekend, doing housework can also let us experience the hard work.（运 用了动名词作主语）【高分句型 2】Finally, do the things you like, such as listening to music or watching an enjoyable movie.（运用了省略关系代词的限制性定语从句）答案第10页，共10页website like Taobao and JD, and get what you've bought within days. China's online shoppingmakes many foreigners feel both excited and amazed.1. What can we know about Lin Jinlong?A. He couldn't believe what he experienced.C. He was studying in Cambodia.2. What did Lin do in China?A. He lost his wallet.C. He bought a mobile phone.B What he saw was not true.D. He thought the trip was not long enough.B. He enjoyed mobile payment.D. He bought vegetables every day.3 . What does the underlined word "green" refer to?A. Convenient.B. Green in colour.C. Environmentally friendly.4. What's the best title of the passage?A. "Four Great Inventions in Ancient ChinaC. Development in Modern ChinaD. User-friendly.B "New Four Great Inventions, in ChinaD. Taking Pride in Modern ChinaDaverius Peters almost couldn't graduate because of the shoes he was wearing. Peters was wearing a pair of black sneakers with white soles. A school employee at the door told him the shoes he had on weren't allowed and wouldn't let him inside. "They are black and white. They said you have to wear black-colored or dark-colored shoes. She closed the door. She just closed it on my faceZ, Peters said.The 18-year-old student said he was pacing outside when he saw teacher John Butler and told him what happened. "This is the biggest moment of your life up to this point and nobody is going to take that away from you. said Butler, "It was just a no-brainer for me to just take my shoes off and give them to But they were big shoes to fill fbr Peters.“Well, his shoes are two sizes bigger," said Peters. "I wear a 9, he wears an 11, so they felt like slippers. I was asking him, your daughter is graduating also with me, how are you going to watch her? He said I'm walking in with no shoes. The two went inside and Peters was able to graduate.People are praising Butler fbr stepping in to help, but he says it was nothing. "Be kind to one试卷第2页，共8页another, be thoughtful, and try to understand where other people are coming from. I just try my best to be the best human that I can possibly be for my kids. And I try to lead by example every day,“ Butler said.5. Which of the following is true of the school employee?A. She looked down upon Peters.C. She tried her best to offer help.6. What did Butler do to help Peters?A. He offered his shoes to Peters.C. He bought a pair of shoes for Peters.B , She just observed the schoofs rules.D. She showed no respect for Butler.B He persuaded the employee.D. He asked his daughter to offer her shoes.7. How does Butler teach his students according to the passage?A. By praising them.B. By discussing with them.C. By being strict with them.D. By setting an example.8. What kind of person is Butler according to the passage?A. Serious.B. Kind.C. Tough.D. Hardworking.CArchaeologists （考古学家）in Italy are learning more and more about the everyday life of the people who lived in Pompeii nearly 2,000 years ago. Most recently, they've carefully uncovered a well-preserved street snack bar.Pompeii is an ancient city thafs famous fbr being suddenly covered under the ground in the year 79 by the nearby volcano, Vesuvius. Though thousands of people got away from it, over 1,100 people were killed almost suddenly by the great heat. They were quickly covered by small rocks, ash, and dust from the volcano. Archaeologists have found theaters, swimming pools, gyms, hospitals, and many different kinds of stores. They've also found restaurants, including about 80 “fast food“ restaurants.In a restaurant, the scientists found many large clay jars as well, which held food and drinks. Two jars held fish and meat. At l