备战高考2023年全国通用英语复习考点汇编 28-阅读理解推理判断题（重难题型）（解析版）.docx

考点28阅读理解推理判断题（重难题型）推理判断题主要考查学生根据文章的字面意思，通过语篇逻辑关系，研究细节的暗示，推敲作者的态 度，理解文章的寓意等。推理判断题属于主观性较强的高层次阅读理解题。做这类题时，考生应在理解全 文的基础上，从文章本身所提供的信息出发，运用逻辑思维，同时借助一定的常识进行分析、推理、判断。提问整篇文章或某句某段的含蓄意思时，问句中都含有infer, imply, indicate, suggest （推断，暗指）等词。 对付这类题时我们不仅要弄懂文章字面的意思，更重要的是要知道文章潜在的含义，和作者所给的提示。 同时要对文章的含义和作者的暗示作合理的猜测和推论。关键是：意思要靠推断得出，而不是原文照搬。 这就要把握住文章的主题思想和每段的内容；明确作者的观点及其写作该文的目的；分析文章里所给的有 关信息；注意词汇在词典的定义和词典以外的含义；最后运用自己的知识进行由表及里的逻辑推理，挖出 文章的伏笔，得出正确的推论。这种问题的提问方式通常有：1 .From paragraph 4 we can infer that. / What can be inferred from the passage? / From the last paragraph we can infer that.2 .We can infer from the text that./ What can we learn from.? / We can conclude from the passage that.3 .The last sentence of the first paragraph most probably implies that.4 .The author implies that by the year 2080,.5 .To solve the present social problems the author suggests that we should.6 .The author mentions the fact that.to show.7 . This passage would most likely be found in?8 .The author's attitude toward .is?9 . The tone of the passage can best be described as?这些提问方式的答案一般在短文中不可能直接找到，必须根据提问中的某些关键字眼与短文中相应的 有关内容加以逻辑推理或演算，从而得出某些作者并未说明却已在字里行间所暗含的意思及观点。具体的 说，考生应当注意以下几点：1 .首先要注意一定要忠实于原文，以文章提供的事实和线索为依据。立足已知，推断未知，遵循“词不 离句，句不离段，段不离篇”的原则。千万不能主观臆想，凭空想象，随意揣测，更不能以自己的观点代 替作者的观点。2 .要吃透文章的字面意思，从字里行间捕捉有用的提示和线索，这是推理的前提和基础。有的推断， 考生完全可以根据文章中所阐述的细节，再结合自己所掌握的基础知识、有关背景知识或常识来帮助进行 分析、推敲，从而得出符合文章原意的结论.3 .要对文字的表面信息进行挖掘加工，由表及里，由浅入深，从具体到抽象，从特殊到一般，通过分 析、综合、判断等，进行深层处理，合乎逻辑地推理。不能就事论事，断章取义，以偏概全。4 .要把握句、段之间的逻辑关系，了解语篇的结构，同时还要体会文章的基调，揣摩作者的态度，摸 准逻辑发展方向，悟出作者的言外之意。5 .在解答推理性问题时，一定要注意确定推理依据的位置或范围。应清楚所要解答的问题需要针对某 over, helping me up: Safe, man. Safe. A few minutes later, when I landed the trick, my friends beat their boards loud, shouting: "Safe! Safe! Safe!” And thafs what matteredlanding tricks, being a good skater.When I was 15, my family moved to Washington. I tried skateboarding there, but the locals were far less welcoming. Within a couple of years, Fd given it up.When I returned to London in 2004,1 found myself wandering down to Southbank, spending hours there. I've traveled back several times since, most recently this past spring. The day was cold but clear; tourists and Londoners stopped to watch the skaters. Weaving （穿梭）among the kids who rushed by on their boards, I found my way to the beam. Then a rail-thin teenager, in a baggy white T-shirt, skidded （滑'）up to the beam. He sat next to me. He seemed not to notice the man next to him. But soon I caught a few of his glances.nI was a local here 20 years ago,n I told him. Then, slowly, he began to nod his head.HSafe, man. Safe/9“Yeah, ” I said."Safe4.What message does the author seem to convey in the text?A.Children should learn a second language.B.Sport is necessary for children's health.C.Children need a sense of belonging.D.Seeing the world is must for children.4.【答案】C【解析】写作意图题。根据题干关键词"seem to convey"定位可以判断题目是总结作者写作意图。根据选 项关键词,A, a second language B, Sport children's health C, Children , sense of belonging （归属感）D, Seeing the world可以得知本文是怀念童年时光，所以C项最合适。故选C项。（2021/折江三模）In many cultures, it is considered unlucky to spill salt. Fortunately, many cultures also have a solution to the problem, which usually involves throwing a pinch of salt over your shoulder. It may seem confusing to modern humans, but knowing that salt was once incredibly valuable can change this perspective.For thousands of years, salt was an extremely rare commodity. It was difficult to obtain so that the price was very high. Many trading routes were set up to carry salt, people were paid in salt, and salt was sometimes worth more than its weight in gold. Therefore, spilling salt was considered wasteful.Because of its high value, salt was also associated with friendship and good fortune. Offerings of salt were included in many religious ceremonies, and people might bring salt to a new home for good luck. These associations would have suggested that it would be bad luck to spill salt, since it would seem to violate salt's fortunate properties.Salt is also an excellent preservative. It prevents food from going bad. As such, it came to be linked with health and longevity. In some cultures, spilling salt was thought to reduce one's well-being. In Britain, for example, each spilled grain was said to represent a tear, while in Germany spilled salt awakened the devil, bringing misfortune.The fear of spilling salt was also adopted into the Christian faith. It is said that Judas spilled salt at the Last Supper, and since he later turned out to be the betrayer of Christ, spilled salt is considered unlucky by many Christians.Should you be unfortunate enough to spill salt, you might throw a pinch over your left shoulder to blind the Devil.31. What is the author*s purpose in writing the text?A. To introduce the history of salt.B. To show ways to avoid misfortune.C. To explain the beliefs about spilling salt. D. To entertain readers with some anecdotes.31.【答案】C【解析】推理判断题。根据第一段"In many cultures, it is considered unlucky to spill salt. Fortunately, many cultures also have a solution to the problem, which usually involves throwing a pinch of salt over your shoulder. It may seem confusing to modern humans, but knowing that salt was once incredibly valuable can change this perspective.（在许多文化中，洒盐被认为是不吉利的。幸运的是，许多文化也有解决这个问题的办法，通常 是在你身后洒一撮盐。这可能让现代人感到困惑，但知道盐曾经非常有价值可以改变这种看法）”结合文章 主要介绍了世界上一些关于洒盐的观念以及应对方法。由此推知，作者写这篇文章的目的是解释一些关于 洒盐的信仰。故选C。6.读者对象题经典好题（2021 江苏南通三模）Course Advisor 1 Education Sales ExecutiveWould you be interested in joining a supportive and friendly team with a shared passion for selling their exciting portfolio of courses?The Organization:It is an international network that offers a wide variety of programs, including bachelor's degree programs, master's degree programs, professional training, English Language training, and corporate & executive education.When someone chooses to study at one of their institutions-whether on campus in Europe, North America, or even in their own home theyrre joining a network of over 50,000 students worldwide.The Role:Course advisers are responsible for promoting the Company's program portfolio to potential students over the phone and via e-mail, forming a vital and integral part of the sales team. You will have a natural gift for sales and relationship-building, and a hunger to exceed （超出）targets and expectations.Benefits:The Company offers excellent opportunities for fast track career progression which is entirely performance driven. They reward top performers giving you the opportunity to earn as well as progress.Requirements:Please click on the APPLY button to send your CV and Cover Letter for this role. The Company is an equal opportunities employer and positively encourages applications from suitably qualified and eligible candidates regardless of sex, race, disability, age, or religion or belief. No record of crime is a must.3. Who is the text intended for?A. Those who want to polish their English.B. Those who try to develop their programs.C. Those who need to advance their degrees.D. Those who are good at promoting products.3.【答案】D【解析】推理判断题。通读全文，并结合第一段“Would you be interested in joining a supportive and friendly team with a shared passion for selling their exciting portfolio of courses?（你有兴趣加入一个互相支持且友好的 团队吗？这个团队对销售他们令人激动的课程组合有着共同的热情。）“可知，本文是一个销售岗位的具体 介绍，所以是写给那些擅长推销产品的人。故选D项。7.论证方式题（2021 福建宁德三模）The first wave of a new class of anti-aging drugs have begun human testing. These drugs won't let you live longer but aim to treat specific illnesses by slowing a fundamental process of aging.The drugs are called senolytics-they work by removing certain cells that accumulate as we age. Known as “senescent" cells, they can create low-level inflammation （炎症）that prevents normal systems of living cells repair and creates a poisonous environment for neighboring cells.In June, San Francisco - based Unity Biotechnology reported initial results in patients with mild to severe osteoarthritis （关节炎）of the knee. Results from a larger clinical trial are expected in the second half of this year. The company is also developing similar drugs to treat age-related diseases of the eyes and lungs, among other conditions.Senolytics are now in human tests, along with a number of other promising approaches targeting the biological processes that lie at the root of aging and various diseases.A company called Alkahest injects patients with components found in young people's blood and says it hopes to stop conscious and functional decline in patients suffering from mild to moderate Alzheimefs disease. The company also has drugs for Parkinson*s and dementia in human testing.And in December, researchers at Drexel University College of Medicine even tried to see if a cream including the immune-suppressing drug could slow aging in human skin.The tests reflect researchers1 expanding efforts to learn if the many diseases associated with getting older- such as heart diseases, arthritis, cancer, and dementia- can be dealt with to delay their outbreak.38. How does the text mainly develop?A. By listing data.B. By providing details.C. By making comparisons.D. By analyzing causes.38.【答案】B【解析】推理判断题。根据文章第三段“In June, San Francisco - based Unity Biotechnology reported initial results in patients with mild to severe osteoarthritis of the knee.（今年 6 月，总部位于旧金山的 Unity 生物技术 公司报告了轻度至重度膝关节骨关节炎患者的初步结果。）”、文章第五段“A company called Alkahest injects patients with components found in young people's blood and says it hopes to stop conscious and functional decline in patients suffering from mild to moderate Alzheimefs disease.（一家名为 Alkahest 的公司向患者注射 在年轻人血液中发现的成分，并表示希望阻止轻度至中度阿尔茨海默氏症患者的意识和功能下降。）”以 及文章第六段“And in December, researchers at Drexel University College of Medicine even tried to see if a cream including the immune-suppressing drug could slow aging in human skin.（去年 12 月，德雷塞尔大学医学 院的研究人员甚至试图研究一种含有免疫抑制药物的护肤霜是否能减缓人类皮肤的衰老。）”可知，文章 通过列举一系列研究的细节来组织和发展的。故选B。模拟检取Passage 1（2021 江西二模）A new product from Google may help people solve their sleep problems, but some privacy rights groups are concerned.Google showed off its newest Nest Hub home assistant device on Tuesday. In addition to recognizing your voice, showing pictures, videos, news and weather, it can also track your sleep. The basic model costs about $100 and the sleep-tracking technology will be available for free for the rest of 2021. The sleep tracker makes Google's product different from a similar home assistant from Amazon. If you put the Nest Hub beside your bed, it can follow how you sleep. That is because of a new computer chip called Soli, which can sense motion. Some people may like the new technology because they would not have to wear another device to bed. Some companies make products people can wear on their wrist to track their sleep.Google says the new Nest Hub will create reports each week that show how long and how well a person sleeps. It will also show if they snore, cough or wake up often. The company said it studied 15,000 people over the course of 110,000 nights to develop the technology.For people who want to know more about their sleep, the device sounds like a good idea. But, people who pay attention to privacy are worried what Google might do with the information it is gathering. Jeff Chester is one of those people. He is the director of the Center for Digital Democracy. "Google's goal is to monetize every cell of your body,“ he said.Google recently bought FitBit, a company that makes a health tracker people can wear on their wrist. Some technology experts think Google may find a way for the Nest Hub to work with the FitBit.Google says the sleep tracker has a lot of privacy protections. For example, it will only work if the user turns it on. The company said it will not use a person's sleep information to try to sell advertising. But Chester said he is not so sure that promise will be kept.1. Which is true about the Google's new Nest Hub?A. It's the first device to track people's sleep.B , It has some functions as a home assistant.C , It can be available for free for the rest of 2021.D. It is the same as a health tracker produced by FitBit.2. Why are some people concerned about the Google's new product?A. Because private information may be let out.B. Because the sleeping problems can't be solved.C. Because sleep may be interrupted.D. Because sleeping reports may be created each week.3. What does the underlined word mean?A. Make money on. B. Keep track of. C. Take care of. D. Give away.4. What's the best title of the text?A. Google's New SoliGoogle's sleep problem solverB. Google's Newest Nest HubA Sleep Tracker这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了谷歌的最新设备NestHub,跟踪用户睡眠是它的功能之一，一些隐私权 组织对此表示担忧。1 .【答案】B【解析】细节理解题。根据第二段的“Google showed off its newest Nest Hub home assistant device on Tuesday. In addition to recognizing your voice, showing pictures, videos, news and weather, it can also track your sleep.（谷 歌周二展示了最新的NestHub家庭助理设备。除了识别你的声音，显示图片，视频，新闻和天气，它还可 以跟踪你的睡眠）”可知，谷歌最新的NestHub有一些家庭助理的功能。故选Bo.【答案】A【解析】细节理解题。根据第四段的"But, people who pay attention to privacy are worried what Google might do with the information it is gathering.（但是，关注隐私的人担心谷歌会如何处理它收集的信息）”可知，一些人担 心该设备会泄漏个人信息，即泄露个人隐私。故选A。2 .【答案】A【解析】词句猜测题。根据第四段的“But, people who pay attention to privacy are worried what Google might do with the information it is gathering4但是，关注隐私的人担心谷歌会如何处理它收集的信息）”和最后一段的 “The company said it will not use a person's sleep information to try to sell advertising.（该公司表示，不会利用一 个人的睡眠信息来卖广告厂可知，一些人担心自己的睡眠信息会被谷歌公司用来赚钱。而且Jeff是担心隐 私泄露者中的一员，由此推知划线词所在句子意为“谷歌的目标是让你身体的每一个细胞都为它赚钱"，即 划线词意为“靠挣钱"，与make money on同义。故选A。3 .【答案】C【解析】主旨大意题。根据文章的主要内容，尤其第二段的“Google showed off its newest Nest Hub home assistant device on Tuesday. In addition to recognizing your voice, showing pictures, videos, news and weather, it can also track your sleep.（谷歌周二展示了最新的NestHub家庭助理设备。除了识别你的声音，显示图片， 视频，新闻和天气，它还可以跟踪你的睡眠广结合下文对该设备的介绍，可知本文主要介绍谷歌最新的Nest Hubo故“谷歌最新的Nest Hub”可以作为最佳标题。故选C。Passage 2（2022吉林长春模拟预测）Have a hard time waking up when it's cold out? Scientists say your brain is to blame. A study conducted by scientists from Northwestern University made it possible to offer some explanations for this phenomenon.Their study on fruit flies shows how seasonally cold and dark conditions can prohibit neurons within the fly brain that promote activity and wakefulness from sending out signals, particularly in the morning. It helps explains why, for both flies and humans, it is so hard to wake up in the morning in winter.“By studying behaviors in a fruit fly, we can better understand how and why temperature is so vital to regulate sleep J said Marco Gallio, associate professor of neurobiology in the Weinberg College of Arts and Sciences.The study describes fbr the first time "absolute cold” receptors in the fly antenna, which respond to temperature only below the fly's "comfort zone of about 25. Having recognized t