2023年高考英语复习全国通用第14讲 阅读理解词义猜测题（练）（原卷版）.docx

第14讲阅读理解词义猜测题（练）Esports (electronic sports) are organized competitions where players - often referred to as “athletes” - face off against each other in video games. They are not just games in a sense. Actually, they are a sport that can improve the players9 thinking ability, hand-eye coordination, willpower and team spirit.The esports industry has experienced significant growth in recent years around the world, though it's still in the nascent stage, which means it has huge growth potential going forward.While the assumption is that esports are only a recent phenomenon, in reality the first esports-like event was held back in 1972, when some Stanford University students competed against one another in the game Spacewar. The prize? A year-long subscription to Rolling Stone magazine.The '80s saw the first true videogame tournament, with over 10,000 players gathering for the Space Invaders Championship. However, most of the period saw that players focused on beating each other's highest scores rather than competing in organized tournaments.As gaming became more popular, the '90s became the first decade when esports (a term which wasn't yet coined) began to really take off, with companies such as Nintendo and Sega holding professional gaming tournaments. This is also when we began to see money becoming a factor in professional gaming. But it is the 1997 Red Annihilation Quake tournament that is considered the world's first real esports event. Only a few weeks later, the Cyberathlete Professional League was formed - an organization which is considered a pioneer of esports.Due to the normalization of gaming and the Internet (along with technological advances), the real surge ( 激 增 )of esports came in the recent decade. It was then that we began seeing what we now know to be modern-day esports. As streaming platforms such as YouTube took off, people began to show interest in not only playing videogames but watching them too. Popular tournaments now sell out stadiums and professional players can earn millions from prize money, advertising and salaries.1. What does the underlined word “nascent” in Paragraph 2 probably mean?A. Beginning.C. Mature.2. How does the text mainly develop?A. By providing examples.C. By following the order of time.3. What can be learned about esports?A. They spread worldwide overnight.B. Prize money appeared in the 1990s.B. Peak.D. Final.B. By making comparisons.D. By following the order of importance.C. The first real esports event was held in 1972.D. The athletes in esports are programmers.4. What seems to be the author's viewpoint on modern-day esports?A. They are getting popular.B , They become too commercialized.C. They boost the normalization of the Internet.D. Their development relies on advertising.BSome scientists have detected a chemical on Venus （金星）that isn't expected to be there, which leads them to wonder what is producing the chemical.Venus may look beautiful in the night sky, but it's a harsh planet. Its clouds are made of acid. And its atmosphere is so thick that if you could stand on the planet's surface, you would feel like you were 3,000 feet under the sea. It is the hottest planet in the solar system, with an average temperature of 464. Though people have often wondered if Venus used to have life, most people don't believe life exists there. Now, as a result of work by a group of scientists led by Dr. Jane Greaves from Cardiff University, there may be reason to question that.The scientists found a molecule called phosphine （磷化氢）in Venus, atmosphere. On Earth, some bacteria produce small amounts of phosphine in oxygen-free environments. Phosphine molecules aren't very stable, so they tend to break apart or burn up easily.Many scientists believe phosphine might be a sign of life on other planets. So the scientists were puzzled when they found signs of phosphine high in the atmosphere of Venus. They double-checked their result and it was the same 一 high in the clouds there appeared to be too much phosphine.That led the scientists to think about what could make the phosphine. They studied many ideas, from sunlight, lightning strikes to volcanoes. But none of these could produce the amount of phosphine they detected. One possible explanation for the phosphine is simple - life. For example, some sort of bacteria can somehow survive in the acid clouds of Venus.The discovery of phosphine on Venus has caused a lot of excitement. The scientists behind the study are eager to do more research. Now, many other people are also looking to focus on the planet and perhaps even create missions to explore Venus' atmosphere.5. According to Paragraph 2, what's generally believed about Venus?A. Life exists there for long.B. It is an unlivable planet.C. It is one of the hottest planets.D. The clouds on Venus are thin and acidic.6. What do we know about phosphine on Venus?A.It is a kind of gas low in the clouds.B.It is a possible markerof life.C.It contributes to the birth of life.D.It is stable in oxygen-free environments.7. What does the underlined word “That" in Paragraph 5 refer to?A.The presence of phosphine.B.Theamount of acid.C.The instability of phosphine.D.Thehigh temperature.8. What can be a suitable title for the text?A. Is There Life on Venus?B. Oxygen Spotted on VenusD. Will Astronauts Land on Venus?D. Will Astronauts Land on Venus?C. A New Way to Explore VenusCThe prized love for an ice cream goes back thousands of years, and ice creams were enjoyed by people living all over the ancient world一from China to Mesopotamia.As early as 4,000 years ago, Chinese people enjoyed a kind of frozen syrup-a thick sweet sticky liquid. Centuries later around 400 B. C. , sherbet was a popular treat in the Persian Empire. This cold drink featured syrups made from chemise, quinces, and pomegranates that were then cooled with snow. The modern words “sherbet J "Barbet J and “syrup" can find their linguistic origins back Lo Shabbat.Historic accounts tell of Alexander the Great, who took over the Persian Empire in 330 B. C. , enjoying tasty ices sweetened with honey. The Greeks, and later the Romans, adopted the custom of cooling their drinks. In the early yean of the Roman Empire, Emperor Nero was known to apply fruit juices mixed with boney and snow at his banquets. Centuries later in the 1290s, Marco Polo returned from China with recipes for delicious ices, some of which included milk.Modern ice creams were only made possible by obtaining and preserving snow and ice from cold, mountainous areas or frozen lakes and rivers. Different civilizations created icehouses with variations on the same theme: chambers free of heat and light. Deep pits were often used, and the ice would be packed separately, often with straw or branches, to keep out the heat.Getting ice was complex and labor-consuming, which made ice highly valuable in the middle Ages, when snow was still brought from the mountains to icehouses throughout Europe. The 17th century witnessed private icehouses, and by the end of the 18th century, large icehouses were built in towns and cities. Traveling sales people sold large blocks of ice door to door.In some cities the ice trade was regulated by the authorities, who set prices and fines for illegal sale. In Naples there were 43 "ice sellers” in 1807. Rule restricted sellers to supplying ice only during the summer.Sorbet, sherbet, syrup, or just plain ice cream, these cold, greet treats have been cooling people of for centuries.9. Which of the following is the fact about the development of ice cream?A. Straws or branches were used to produce modern ice creams.B , Alexander the Great had cool drinks with honey end snow at his banquets.C. Marco Polo brought back from China recipes for milk -taste ices in the late 13th century.D. People in the Persian Empire enjoyed frozen syrup 3, 600 years earlier than the Chinese.10. Which has the closest meaning with the underlined word “chambers“ in Paragraph 4?A. Plants.B. Rooms.C. Packages.D. Ice creams.11. Why was the price of ice creams high during the Middle Age?A. It was a tough jab to obtain ice.B. The production took a lot of time.C. Much labor was needed for marketing.D. The producing techniques were advanced.12. What is the best title of the passage?A. Historic Accounts of Preserving Ice Creams B. Contrast of Ancient and Modern lee CreamsC. Chinese Contributions to Making Ice Creams D. The History and Worldwide Love of Ice CreamsDTurtles have an unfortunate habit of eating plastic objects floating in the sea. These then cannot be broken down and digested, and may ultimately kill them.It is widely assumed that this special liking for plastics is a matter of mistaken identity. Floating plastic bags, for instance, look similar to jellyfish, which many types of turtles love to eat. Yet lota of plastic objects that end up inside turtles are not similar to jellyfish. Joseph Pfaller of the University of Florida therefore suspects that the smell of micro-organisms （微生物）which grow on floating plastic objects fools turtles to feed.Researchers at the University of California noticed that certain chemicals, which are released into the air by micro-organism - colonised plastics, are those which many seabirds sniff to track down food. These chemicals mark good places to hunt because they indicate an abundance of the seaweed and bacteria. Since turtles are known to break the surface and sniff the air when swimming towards their feeding areas, Dr. Pfaller indicated that they are following these same chemicals, and are fooled into thinking that floating plastic objects are edible.To test that idea, he and his colleagues set up an experiment. They arranged for 15 of the animals, each around five months old, to be exposed, in random order, to four smells delivered through a pipe to; the air above an experimental area. The smells were: the vapour from deionised （去离子）water; the smell of turtle-feeding meal; the smell of a clean plastic bottle; and the smell of a similarly plastic bottle that had been kept in the ocean for five weeks to allow seaweed and bacteria to grow on it. Two of the smells-the smell of meal and that of five-week-old bottles-proved far more attractive to the animals than the others.On the face of it, then, the turtles were responding to the smell of old bottles as if it were the smell of food. In an unpolluted ocean, pretty well anything which had this smell would be edible-or, at least, harmless. Unfortunately, five-week-old plastic bottles and their like are not.13. What is most people's opinion on turtles* special habit?A. Turtles prefer jellyfish to plastics.B. Turtles enjoy the taste of plastics.C. Turtles like being fed with plastic tools.D. Turtles choose to eat plastics for a mistake.14. What does the underlined word "edible” in paragraph 3 mean?A. Fit to eat.B. Pleasant to smell.C. Far to reach.D. Easy to digest.15. . What can we infer from Dr. Pfaller's research?A. Many seabirds can track the food.B. Most animals find food through smells.C. Two smells are especially favored by turtles.D. The favored smell leads turtles to seek for food.16. Why did the author mention the unpolluted ocean at last?A. To explain why the ocean is polluted.B. To ask for people to feed turtles proper food.C. To arouse the awareness of protecting the ocean.D. To show his agreement on Dr. Pfallefs research.Because the commercial internet has been developed with so little regard for privacy, tech companies have been able to turn personal data into considerable profits, raising billions of dollars off their ability to collect and sell information about anyone who has wandered within shouting distance of their software. This week, Google announced a step in the right direction-but not a huge step, nor one that will stop Google from continuing to collect immense amounts of personal data.At issue is how online companies track internet users as they browse。刘览）from site to site online, typically through cookies information that a website leaves in your computer so that the website will recognize you when you use it again）, The most harmful version, “third-party“ cookies, is the web alternative of a company posting security guards across the internet to monitor what you do, even when you're on other companies' sites.Google declared in a blog post Wednesday that it would no longer use or support third-party cookies, nor would it create or use any other technology that tracks individual users across the web. Given that Google is a main supplier of online advertising technology, its change in approach will impact far and wide.Thafs welcome news, although with huge amounts of warning. As Lee Tien of the Electronic Frontier Foundation noted, third-party cookies were already on the retreat, with Apple and other makers of popular web browsers moving to block them. Meanwhile, Google, Facebook and other Big Tech companies continue to collect personal information in large quantities from people who use their sites and services through first-party cookies and similar techniques.The concerns about personal data collection are the same whether it's being collected through first-party or third-party techniques, said Michelle Richardson of the Center fbr Democracy and Technology. "Companies may use the information to discriminate among internet users, offering different goods, services and even prices to different users.”Instead of helping advertisers track individuals, Google says, it is improving a technology that assigns users namelessly to large groups with common interests. That's an improvement, even though it too may be at risk of abuse. But why do any form of tracking at all? Privacy advocates say pitches （兜售）can be targeted effectively by basing them on where the user is at the moment, not where he or she has browsed previously online.Ultimately, lawmakers are going to have to lay down regulations giving people far more control over whether and how personal information is used online. Ideally the federal （联邦的）government will set a strong floor under online privacy protections, but until then it will be up to state lawmakers or voters to act, as this state has done with its groundbreaking online privacy laws. Ifs good to see Google move the ball forward, but there's much farther to go.17. What does the underlined phrase "on the retreat“ in Para 4 most probably mean?A. Exposed.B. Removed.C. Emerging.D. Fading.18. It can be learned from the declaration that Google .A. is developing new technologies to stop data collectionrefuses to work with companies tracking privacyB. intends to abandon its advertising technologiesresolves to stop the use of third-party cookies19. From the passage we can know that first-party cookies .A. are still collecting personal informationare blocked