新编大学英语第二版 第一册Unit4教参.doc

Unit 4Fresh StartUseful Information As teachers, we all greet each new school year with feelings of anticipation, excitement, and even a bit of apprehension as we wonder what our new groups of students will be like. Will they be ambitious and interested learners ready to absorb new words and ideas to make them their own, or will we have to prod and push them to learn the new materials to which they are being introduced? Sometimes, in fact often, a class will have a mixture of both kinds of students.In the teaching profession, unlike many other professions, we have the opportunity to make a fresh start each year, indeed each semester. We have the leisure to consider what went right and what went wrong in the previous classes; we can also try slightly different methods of teaching，repeating them in the future if they work and discarding them if they dont. In this respect teachers are fortunate indeed.What about the students? If they are freshmen, they have many apprehensions and many tensions. They are having to make adjustments to dormitory life, no small thing for many of them. They also are now away from a secure base of family and friends and are hoping that they can make new friends with whom they can share their hopes and fears. Probably they are most apprehensive about whether or not they can succeed in college, and they may be quite worried as to whether or not they will be able to succeed in this English class. Actually the English classroom can be a place where students apprehensions are eased. In small group discussions they can be encouraged to talk about themselves, their beliefs, and even their fears. The students in the small groups can be very supportive of one another if they are encouraged to be so. Often, praise from peers can mean more to students than praise from their teachers because they are insecure in their social relationships. Students can also express some of their concerns through writing assignments. Often just writing down something that is bothersome can make an individual feel better. It would be wonderful if we could make the English class a place that students look forward to entering. It is not impossible to have this happen, and we teachers can think about what we can do to make it so.In a sense, each day is a new beginning for both students and teacher, a time when a fresh start can be made. We all have had class sessions that didnt go exactly as we would have liked. The beauty of teaching is that we can think about how we can keep that from happening again. To live and to be active means that we will all make mistakes. We can learn not to be crushed by our mistakes but to learn from them, and it is essential that we help our students to learn this, too. If we can find positive things to say to a student who has had a “bad day, we can help him to realize that he can make a fresh start during the next class and probably will do better. We teachers already know this, but sometimes it doesnt hurt that we remind ourselves of the fact. If students seek help from us, we can aid them in making their fresh starts, even though sometimes we wonder if we have the time to do so. Then, with their individual successes, we will feel and, indeed, be successful too. Philosophers and poets have also recognized the importance of fresh starts, or beginnings. The 5th century B.C. Greek philosopher Plato stated that “the beginning is the most important part of the work. John Dryden, the 17th century British poet, reminded his readers of the importance of beginnings both in nature and in art, when he wrote:“By viewing Nature, Natures handmaid Art,Makes mighty things from small beginnings grow.Part One Preparation1. A Freshmans AlphabetA is for the ASSIGNMENTS that the teachers give us.B is for the BOOKS that I enjoy reading.C is for the CAMPUS where most students live.D is for the DORM that I share with my roommates.E is for the EXAMS that give me headaches.F is for the FRIENDS whom Im glad to stay with.G is for the GRAMMAR that I learn in the English class.H is for the HOBBIES of mine, such as playing tennis.I is for the INFORMATION that I get from the Internet.J is for the JOB that I want to get after I graduate from college.K is for the KNOWLEDGE that we are gaining in school.L is for the LIBRARY where we can borrow books.M is for the MAJOR of mine - business.N is for the NOTES that I take in class.O is for the OK that I say to my mother over the phone.P is for the PROFESSORS who give us lectures.Q is for the QUIZZES that teachers give us now and then.R is for the REPORTS that we write after we have done research.S is for the SCHOLARSHIPS that I hope to win.T is for the TUITION that my parents pay for my education.U is for the UNIVERSITIES that give us the chance for higher education.V is for the VACATIONS that Im looking forward to.W is for the WEEKENDS when I can relax myself.X is for the XMAS CARDS that I will receive from my friends in December.Y is for the YAHOO that we like to visit on the Internet.Z is for the ZOO where we can learn about all kinds of animals.Supplementary Activity The teacher can ask the students to work in pairs and prepare a short speech entitled “A Freshmans School Life. They can do it either in class or after class. Ask them to use as many words from the Freshmans Alphabet as possible.Sample:Im a freshman at Zhejiang University. My major is Economics. I have been on campus for about two months, and Im living in a dorm which is close to the library of the university. So far I have been enjoying my new life except that sometimes I worry about the mid-term and final exams. The professors stress almost every time that our students primary purpose here is to gain as much knowledge as possible. We should attend class regularly and take good notes; we should hand in our assignments on time; we should read all the books we need to read and write neat reports with few mistakes in grammar; and the results of quizzes will account for part of our grades. Usually we are very busy during the week. But on weekends we can devote some time to our own hobbies. The thing I like to do most is to surf the Internet, to visit web sites like Yahoo for the kind of information Im interested in. I also like to visit the zoo in my spare time and get to know many animals and birds I havent seen before. Some students make use of their spare time to do some part-time jobs. They say they have to earn their own tuition. I think Id better work hard to win a scholarship and finance myself. Now Christmas is coming. I want to send some Xmas cards to my old friends. I miss them very much and hope to see them again in the winter vacation. But above all, I hope I will be Ok in the finals. 2. A Letter from CollegeSTEP ONESample:1) The letter is intended to tell her mom that everything is OK in school, but money is badly needed. The daughter dots the letter with a lot of $s, the symbol of money, to indicate the real intention of the letter. Obviously, Susan is asking for money from her mother in a very tricky way.2) It can be seen that the mother has seen through her daughters trick. In a similar way she dots her letter with NOs, suggesting that she turns down Susans request and encourages her to study hard. STEP TWOSamples:- I usually call home on weekends to say hi to my parents.- I will call home whenever I miss my parents.- Once I wrote home about my new girlfriend/boyfriend.- I couldnt help calling home when I fell ill.- I write home once a month telling my parents about my school life.- Sometimes I called home just because I wanted to tell them that I was short of money.- I often write to my parents for their advice.- As soon as I learned that I had got a good grade, I called my parents.- Once I called my parents after I had failed an exam. I felt much better afterwards.- Just yesterday I called my mother and said “Happy Birthday! to her.Part Two Reading-Centered ActivitiesIn-Class ReadingII. Pre-ReadingSample 1I felt excited when I came to the campus for the first time. It was so big and beautiful tall buildings, lovely flowers and trees, and grand lawns. Welcoming slogans could be seen here and there. And inspiring music from the loudspeakers added to my excitement. Spacious as it is, the campus was crowded by freshmen like me, their busy parents, teachers and old students who were helping with our registration. Suddenly I felt that I was no longer my moms baby; I was an adult! I was overwhelmed with pride and excitement.Sample 2I felt at a loss when I first came to the university. The campus was so big that I was afraid I would get lost if left alone. It seemed to be messy and noisy everywhere, with thousands of people coming and going. I felt a little dizzy and tired after a whole days journey by train. All I could do was to follow my parents here and there, not knowing what to do and what to say.Sample 3I still remember the day when I first came to the university. After the registration my parents left and I found myself standing alone in a place I had never been before. It seemed that everyone on campus was watching me. I was feeling so ill at ease that I even found it difficult to gather myself. When I came back to my dorm, my roommates were busy making their beds. I just sat there and began to think of my parents. The sense of loneliness was so strong that I thought I was going to cry.III. Passage ReadingWords, Phrases and Grammatical Points1. keep my ears open and my mouth shut ( l. 4 )这是keep带形容词或过去分词作宾语补足语的结构。 e.g. I) My job keeps me really busy.II) Take my overcoat. It will keep you warm. III) There were toys to keep the kids amused. IV) Its hard to keep the house clean with three kids.2. Once I was in the room ( l. 6 ) The word “once here is a conjunction which means “as soon as, from the moment when (一旦，一便). e.g. I) Once she arrives, we can start. II) Once Ive found somewhere to live, Ill send you my address. III) Once inside her apartment she felt an urge to brush her teeth.3. So off to the cafeteria I went. ( l. 25 ) 这里是将off to the cafeteria 前置。前置的意图是强调了戏剧性场面的发生地the cafeteria。4. instead he turned around. ( l. 30 ) The word “instead means “in place of someone or something else that has been mentioned. e.g. I) We didnt have enough money for a movie, so we went to the park instead.II) Jim didnt join the navy (海军). Instead, he decided to become an actor. The phrase “instead of (someone or something) means “in place of (someone or something). e.g. I) I should be at school instead of lying here in bed. II) You probably picked up my keys instead of yours.课内阅读参考译文新的开端1 当我父母开车离去，留下我可怜巴巴地站在停车场上时，我开始寻思我在校园里该做什么。我决定我最想做的就是平安无事地回到寝室。我感到似乎校园里的每个人都在看我。我打定主意：竖起耳朵，闭上嘴巴，但愿别人不知道我是个新生。2 第二天早上我找到了上第一堂课的教室，大步走了进去。然而，进了教室，我又碰到了一个难题。坐哪儿呢？犹豫再三，我挑了第一排边上的一个座位。3 “欢送你们来听生物101课，教授开始了开场白。天哪，我还以为这里是文学课！我的脖子上冒出了冷汗，摸出课程表核对了一下教室号码 我走对了教室却走错了教学楼。4 怎么办？上课期间就站起来走出去？教授会不会生气？大家肯定会盯着我看。算了吧。我还是稳在座位上，尽力使自己看起来和生物专业的学生一样认真。5 下了课我觉得有点饿，便赶忙去自助食堂。我往托盘里装了些三明治就朝座位走去，就在这时，我无意中踩到了一大滩番茄酱。手中的托盘倾斜了，我失去了平衡。就在我屁股着地的刹那间，我看见自己整个人生在眼前一闪而过，然后终止在大学上课的第一天。6 摔倒后的几秒钟里，我想要是没有人看见我刚刚的窘相该有多好。但是，食堂里所有的学生都站了起来，欢呼鼓掌，我知道他们不仅看见了刚刚的情景，而且下决心要我永远都不会忘掉那一幕。7 接下来的三天里，我单独品尝羞辱，用以果腹的也只是没有营养的食品，是从安放在房间外的机器上买来的。到了第四天，我感到自己极需补充一些真正的食物。兴许三天时间已经足以让校园里的人把我忘在脑后。于是我去了食堂。8 我好不容易地排队取了食物，踮脚走到一张桌子前坐下。突然我听到一阵熟悉的哗啦跌倒声。抬头看见一个可怜的家伙遭遇了和我原先一样的命运。当人们开始像对待我那样欢呼鼓掌的时候，我对他满怀同情。他站起身，咧嘴大笑，双手紧握高举在头顶上，做出胜利的姿势。我料想他会像我一样溜出食堂，可他却转身重新装一盘食物。就在那一刻，我意识到我对自己过于认真了。9 我是否摔了个托盘，坐在教室的哪个位置，甚至于是否走错了教室，有谁会在乎呢？没有人在乎。这不像中学。在大学里，这些都无关紧要。我完全可以按自己的意愿行事。10 一旦意识到我不必考虑别人的期望，只要自己满意就行，我感到释然。我开始把大学看作一个美妙的实验。我稍稍改变了自己的穿着，开始欣赏爵士乐，还认定自己喜欢光着脚走路。11 在以后的大学生活里，我不再试图做出什么姿态，而是顺其自然。大学，在我看来，也许是唯一一个有错误可以完全谅解的阶段包括踩到番茄酱，摔了托盘。于是，我利用这个时机来体验我认为自己可能会犯的所有过失。12 大学毕业已经三年了，我仍然时有过失。其中的一些过失我还得到了原谅。IV. Post-ReadingReading Comprehension1. Understanding the Organization of the TextI. Introduction (Para.1)How I felt the first day on campus after my parents had left. II. Mistakes I made on my first class day and my reaction (Para.27)A) The first mistake I made: I went to a wrong class. (Para.24)B) The second mistake I made: I stepped in a puddle of ketchup, dropped the food tray and fell to the ground. (Para.56)C) My reaction: I avoided going to/dining in the cafeteria for 3 days, feeling ashamed. (Para.7)III. The mistake made by another college student: he also dropped the food tray and fell to the ground. And his reaction to it: he seemed to feel that nothing serious had happened. (Para.8)IV. My thoughts on making mistakes (Para.912)A) It didnt matter if one made mistakes in college. (Para.911)B) Making mistakes is forgivable even after graduation. (Para.12)2. Understanding Specific Information1) No, that was just the way the narrator felt. Because he/she was self-conscious and shy.2) He/she probably wanted to be out of the professors direct line of vision.3) Literature.4) Most biology majors are serious. 5) A) Here “it refers to “my entire life.B) It was a miserable day.6) Here “it refers to the miserable and embarrassing moment.7) Because he/she was afraid that other students might recognize him/her and make fun of him/her.8) Dropping the food tray and falling to the ground.9) Because he took it as nothing serious.10) Whether you drop a tray, where you sit, or whether you show up in the wrong lecture, etc.11) Mistakes.12) Making mistakes is not so serious as one might think.3. Group DiscussionSample 1On the afternoon of the day I came to college, I saw my parents off and went back to the campus. I found my dorm and walked in. Settling into my bed as I was tired, I reached for the cup on the desk when I sensed something strange. Two persons in the room were staring at me, puzzled. I can still remember I was a bit shocked at that moment. Who were they? I jumped out of bed, puzzled, too. Why were they staring at me like that? But in a few seconds I realized what had happened: I had come to the right room but the wrong building. I flushed and apologized in a clumsy way. The two guys seemed to be amused. They told me that they were also freshmen and that I was welcome to their dorm anytime I liked. I said thanks and then fled.Sample 2It happened about a week after I came to college. Just as I got out of the library building, I found that I had taken someone elses bag. How foolish! I could imagine the bag owner cursing me. I hurried back to the library to find that the guy was already in the librarians office with an angry look. The moment he saw his bag he smiled with relief. I apologized for my mistake and waited for his sharp words. To my surprise, he patted me on my back and said in a friendly way, “Dont worry, I have