中考英语介词和介词短语复习.doc

介词介词不能单独作句子的成分，而是用来表示名词或代词等和句中其他词之间的关系，通常放在名词或代词之前，构成介词短语。常用介词介绍一表示时间的介词：1at, on, in(1) at表示“在某一时刻、某一时间点 at 5:30at sunrise at lunch at noon at night (2) on表示“在具体某一天或某天的上、下午。如：on Monday在星期一on April 1st 泛指上、下午、晚上、夜间时用in the morning/afternoon/evening, at night；但假设指具体某一天的上述时段时，那么一律用on。如：on the afternoon of May 23 (3) in表示“在某月、季节、年、世纪以及泛指的上、下午、晚上。 in Septemberin winter in 1999in the 20th century in the morning/afternoon/evening 2for, during, through(1) for表示“一段时间，后接与数词连用的时间名词。多与完成时连用。 Ive been a soldier for 5 years.我入伍已5年了。She has been ill for several days.(2) during表示“在期间What did you do during the summer vacation? 你在暑假做了什么？(3) through表示“一直，自始至终 They worked hard through the winter.整个冬天他们都在努力工作。3from, since(1) from 作“从解，多用于“fromto/till中。 You can come anytime from Monday to Friday. 周一至周五你什么时间来都行。from“从开始未必持续到现在，如：from 1995 to 1998.从1995年到1998年。since一般只与现在完成时连用，而from不受此限。(2) since表示“自从以来直到现在 He has been away from home since 1973. for与since表示一段时间，但for与时间段连用，而since与时间点连用。 如for two hours持续两小时；since last week自从上周直到现在4before, by, till, until(1) before指“在之前 Please come before ten oclock.请10点以前来。(2) by指“不迟于，到时为止，在以前 I must finish my homework by lunch.午饭前我必须做完作业。 We had learned over 1000 words by the end of last term.到上学期末为止，我们已经学了1000多个单词。(3) till (until) “直到为止 You must wait for him till tomorrow.He didnt come back until twelve oclock last night. 在肯定句中，till (until)必须与延续动词连用。假设与点动词连用，till (until)只能用于否认句中。5after, in, withinafter表示“在之后，是before的反义词。 Well hold a party after dinner.晚餐后我们将举办晚会。within“在时间之内 I can finish it within an hour.我不需一小时就可把它做完。in“在时间之后 Ill arrive in an hour.我一小时后到达。比 较after与inafter后可跟时间段，也可跟时间点，如after school放学后，而in后必须跟一段时间，如in an hour一小时后。after既可用于将来时，也可用于过去时，而in只能用于将来时。after既可作介词，又可作连词，而in只能作介词 in与within后都必须跟时间段。二表示“地点、方向的介词：1in，outside，between, amongin表示“在里面，如：Whats in the box? 盒子里是什么？outside指“在外面 There are many people outside the room.房间外有很多人。between在之间指二者There is a hospital between the hotel and the post office. among在之间指三者以上He found his place among the crowd.2on, above, over, below, under(1) on在上面，外表相互接触。There is an apple on the table. 桌上有一个苹果。 (2) above只表示“在上方或位置高出，与below相对。A plane flew above our heads. (3) over“在正上方，与under相对。There is a bridge over the river.河上有一座桥。(4) below在下方，低于There are many flowers below the window.窗下有很多花。(5) under在正下方 They sat under a big tree, drinking.他们坐在一棵大树下喝酒。3near, by, beside(1) near在附近，与far相对 My home is near the school. 我的家离学校很近。(2) by = beside,靠近，在旁边，比near距离更近 He just sat by/ beside me in the cinema. 4in front of, behind, around(1) in front of在前面 A river flows in front of the house.房子前有一条河 in the front of表示“在前部，指里面。 There is a red chair in the front of the room.在房间前半部有把红椅子。(2) behind在后面 The cat lies behind the door. 猫躺在门后面。(3) around在周围，围绕 There are many trees around the village.村子周围有很多树围绕。 5from, to, for, into, out of(1) from从 The train started from Paris.火车发自巴黎。(2) to到目的地去，向He went to Germany last year.他去年去了德国。(3) for向，表目的方向 He left for Tianjin on business yesterday.他昨天出差去天津了。 towards, to和for都可表示“向，其区别如下：towards仅指朝向某个方向，不一定是目的地，而 to和for都是“向目的地。for作“向目的地时，常用于固定搭配中，如：leave for; start for(4) into进入 Please put the water into the bottle.请把水倒入瓶子里。(5) out of从出来They pulled him out of the water. 他们把他从水里拉了出来。6along, across, through(1) along沿着 He likes to drive along the river.他喜欢沿着河开车。(2) across横穿 The little girl is afraid to go across the street.这个小女孩不敢横穿马路。(3) through穿过He pushed his way through the crowd to the platform. 他从人群里挤到了站台。7at, in 二者都表示“在某个地方，但at多指较小的地方，如车站、家等，而in多指在“大地方，如城市、国家、大洲等。但大小有时也是相对的。 He lives at No.27 Zhongshan street in Nanjing.他住在南京市中山路27号。 The plane will arrive in Beijing at 13:00. 飞机将于13点到达北京。三、其它用途的介词：1 表示“标准或单位的介词：at, for, by(1) at表示“以速度“以价格 He drove at a speed of 80 miles an hour. I sold my car at a high price.(2) for用交换 I bought it for 20 dollars.买它花了我20美元。How much for these apples? at与for都表示价格，但at表示“单价,for表示总价,at后一般跟“price这个词，而for后只能跟总钱数。如：I bought it at a low price.我买它的价格很低。I sold it for $10.(3) by以计，后跟度量单位 Gold is sold by the gram.金以克出售。They paid him by the month.他们按月给他计酬。2表示“材料的介词：of, from, in(1) of表示从成品仍可看出原料。This box is made of paper.这个盒子是纸做的。(2) from表示从成品已看不出原料。Bread is made from wheat.面包是小麦做的。(3) in用材料。 常用write, speak, talk, answer等连用。 Please fill in the form in pencil first.请先用铅笔填写这个表格。They talk in English. in指材料时，材料前不用冠词。3表示“工具或手段的介词：by, with, on(1) by凭借“工具或手段多用于交通工具如： by bus乘公共汽车，by plane乘飞机 表示搭乘交通工具时，既可用by，又可用in，区别在于用by时，表示交通工具的名词前不 能加冠词，而用in时名词前必须加冠词。(2) with用工具 He broke the window with a stone.他用石头把窗户打破了。(3) on以方式。多用于固定词组。They talked on the telephone.他们通过 进行交谈。4表示“关于的介词：of, about, on(1) of仅指“关于人或事物的存在，如：He spoke of the film the other day.他前几天提到了这部影片。(2) about指“关于某人或某事物的较详细的情况。Its a book for children about Africa and its people.它是一本供儿童阅读的关于非洲和非洲人的书。(3) on是指“关于学术性的或严肃的，供专门研究用的。Its a textbook on the history of China.它是一本有关中国历史的教科书。5表示“原因、理由的介词：for, at, from, of, with(1) for表示“一般的理由常与famous, punish等词连用。Xian is famous for its long history.(2) at一般指“情感的原因，通常放在表示“惊讶或喜悦等感情的动词或形容词之后，表示“因听到或看到而。 She got angry at his words.她因为他的话生气了。(3) from表示“外在的原因。如受伤、车祸等。He died from the wound.他因受伤而致死。(4) of表示“内在的原因，如病、饿等。He died of cancer.他死于癌症。(5) with表示“由外在影响到肉体或心理的原因。He shook with cold.他因寒冷而发抖。6like, as(1) like像一样其实不是The little tiger looks like a cat.这只小老虎看起来像只猫。(2) as作为，以身份其实是He was hanged as a spy.他被作为间谍绞死了。7against, foragainst反对，与for是反义词，如：Are you for my idea or against it? 你赞同还是反对我的想法？8besides, except都表示“除了。besides的用法就等于as well as。He is interested in tennis besidesas well asfootball. 除了足球，他还对网球感兴趣。1besides是包括后面所提人或物在内的“除了，可以理解为“除之外还、除之外又，表示两局部的相似性。Twenty-five students went to the cinema besides him.除他以外，还有25个学生去看了电影。(他和另外25人都去了)We like biology besides English.除了英语外，我们还喜欢生物。生物和英语都喜欢2except是指不包括后面所提人或物在内的“除了，可以理解为“撇开不谈,表示两局部的不同。Everyone is excited except me.除我以外的每个人都很冲动。他们冲动，而我却不冲动用适当的介词填空。1 .Im sorry I cant say it _ Chinese. 2 .Do you usually go to school _bike?3 .Look, the farmer is carrying apples _ a truck. 4 .Is anyone _ home?5 .Please look _my bird when Im away. 6 .Are Jim and Li Lei _ the same class?7 .There is a hole _ the wall. 8.  _ the beginning of this term, I met my new friend, Jim .9 .There are a few leaves _the tree. 10 .The girl _ the red coat is my sister.11 .Could you give an orange _ me? 12 .Its time to go _bed.13 .I can see a bottle _ orange. 14 .Put the basket _ there.15 .Whats wrong _ your watch? 16 .One _ the students is in the classroom. 17 .I think the shop is closed _ this time of day.18 .My father teaches English _  a school.19 .We have lunch _  the middle of the day.20 .You can buy some school things _  your way home.21 .I was born _ July 1st, 1982 . 22 .May I borrow a pencil _ you?23 .Dont sleep _ the open air. 24 .I often help my mother _ the housework.25 .Its time _ school. 26 .I have quite a lot _homework to do.27 .Whats the time ? Its half _ five. 28 .Ducks are good _ swimming.29 .What are you talking _? 30 .He is sitting _ the front of the car.31 .The eraser was passed _ one student _ another.32 .Did you live _Beijing in 1997? 33 .When did you arrive _ the village?34 .I think Mary is _ duty today. 35 .Eating too much isnt good _ your health.36 .Im afraid he is _ the cinema _ the moment.37 .Thanks _ asking me to your party. 38 .My watch is very different _ yours.39 .Whats the weather _ today?40 .The student is asking his teacher _the sports meeting.