高中英语完形填空解题技巧及专题训练.doc

精品文档完型填空的训练及解题技巧含答案完型填空一、文章特点科技信息类文章是指介绍当前科学领域的最新科技成果或者正在研发的科技工程的文章。2007年广东高考完形填空题的短文就属这类文章。这类文章有清晰、客观、准确、精练和严密等特点。如果考生对该技术有所了解，对解题是有一定帮助的，但是归根结底还是取决于对文意的透彻理解、对词语的意义和用法的掌握，也离不开解答完形填空的一些技巧。二、解题技巧1. 把握语境，一气呵成。完形填空是要求考生根据上下文语境来进行确定最正确选项的。做题前，必须要结合上下文所给的提示明示或暗示，对文章整体进行理解和把握。因此，快速浏览全文，掌握短文大意和文中用词习惯，才能在解题时做到一气呵成。2. 先易后难，各个击破。做题时碰到有充分把握的先做，不确定的姑且先放一放，待处理完其它的答案时，再回头处理，这时由于对文章有了进一步的理解，往往可能会眼前一亮，有“山重水复疑无路，柳暗花明又一村之效。3. 善用文中信息，进行逻辑推断。做几何证明题时，需要有足够的条件，才能推导出结果。做完形填空时也是如此，需要搜罗证据，再进行逻辑推断，才能得出正确的答案。如2007年广东省高考完形填空的第21空就是应用该能力推敲出来的。证据一：.we didnt have to remember passwords.证据二：.uses face recognition technology to log you on to windows.证据三：.all you need is a webcam and your pretty face.收集了这三个证据后，推断出automatically就顺理成章了。4. 善用关联词语，把握逻辑关系。文章的逻辑关系大多通过一些过渡性的关联词来实现，这些关联词能给考生指明答题方向。常见的表示逻辑关系的关系词有：表并列关系的and, also, as well as等；表转折关系的but, however, yet等；表因果关系的because, because of, as, since, for that reason, so, therefore, thus, as a result等；表递进关系的besides, in addition, additionally, moreover, furthermore, whats more等；表选择关系的or, eitheror等。5. 养成阅读习惯，丰富背景常识。丰富的常识及文化背景知识有利于解题，考生平时要养成课外阅读习惯以扩大自己的知识面。如考生是电脑软件的发烧友，解答2007年广东省高考完形填空题就顺利得多。三、实例分析阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，然后从2130各题所给的A、B、C和D项中，选出最正确选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。(1)Researchers in Japan have designed a robot that can taste and identify dozens of different wines, cheeses and hors doeuvres. The ability to_21_ good wine from bad, name the specific brand from a tiny sip and recommend a complementary cheese would seem to be about as _22_ a skill as there is. In Japan, robots are doing it.All foods have a _23_fingerprint. The robot uses that data to identify what it is inspecting right there on the spot. When it has identified a wine, the robot speaks up in a childlike voice. It names the _24_ and adds a comment or two on the taste, such as whether it is a buttery chardonnay or a full-bodied Shiraz, and what kind of foods might _25_well on the side.The robots could be “personalized, or _26_ to recognize the kinds of wines its owner prefers and recommend new varieties to fit its owners_27_. Because it is analyzing the chemical composition of the wine or food placed before it, it can also alert its owner to possible health issues, gently_28_ against fatty or salty products.The 2-foot-tall robot also is _29_. Buying one of these would cost about as much as a new car. There is no plan yet to actually _30_the robot, though the sensor could be available as early as next year.21. A. knowB. tellC. judgeD. recognize22. A. machineB. robotC. human D. wine23. A. uniqueB. specialC. vitalD. useful24. A. fingerprintB. cheeseC. brandD. robot25. A. matchB. mixC. comeD. go 26. A. programmedB. specializedC. trainedD. identified27. A. choiceB. tasteC. abilityD. brand28. A. defendingB. fightingC. warningD. protecting29. A. inexpensiveB. expensive.C. dangerousD. unique30. A. advertiseB. presentC. developD. market四、即时练习阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，然后从2130各题所给的A、B、C和D项中，选出最正确选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。(2)The Shenzhou-7 space module, carrying three taikonauts, landed safely by parachute on Sept. 28 in China's northern grasslands after a 68-hour flight. The _21_included the first ever spacewalk by a Chinese astronaut.Chinese scientists on Monday_22_ a box of solid lubricant (润滑剂) samples that were _23_the Shenzhou-7 spacecraft. The solid lubricant samples, _24_outside the Shenzhou-7 capsule in the _25_space for long hours and retrieved (重新找回) by astronaut Zhai Zhigang during his spacewalk, weighed about 2.2 kg. They will study the material for the next six months. Two types of solid lubricant samples, after being _26_ to outer space for 44 hours during the Shenzhou-7 space journey, had shown _27_changes. The appearance of the two types of samples has either turned dark or become rougher. Solid lubricants are widely used in spacecraft to_28_ friction because they withstand high temperatures. Scientists hoped to improve the stability and lifetime of the materials by studying the test samples taken to outer space. Scientists would _29_the samples with those exposed to a simulated space environment in the laboratory. If scientists discover the difference between the two exposed lubricants, they might be able to _30_ how other materials change in outer space. 21. A. jobB. missionC. responsibilityD. task22. A. break B. damageC. removeD. unsealed23. A. aboard B. abroadC. alongD. under24. A. gathered B. landedC. loaded D. used25. A. outB. outerC. outsideD. inner26. A. taken B. uncoveredC. stuckD. exposed27. A. different B. specialC. obviousD. rough28. A. reduce B. increaseC. removeD. forbid29. A. experiment B. compareC. testD. mix30. A. compare B. adviseC. tellD. test (3)This years Nobel Prize in medicine will go to three researchers who found a way to learn about the duties of individual genes. They discovered how to _21_, or knock out (猛烈击打), single genes in laboratory animals. The result is known as “knockout mice.Capecchi and Oliver Smithies, will _22_the one and one-half million dollar prize with Martin Evans of Britain. They will receive what is _23_called the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine at a ceremony in Stockholm, Sweden, on December In the 1980s, Mario Capecchi and Oliver Smithies both studied cells in mice to find how to _24_ individual genes for changes. But the kinds of cells they _25_studied could not be used to create gene-targeted animals.Martin Evans had the _26_. He developed embryonic stem cells that could produce mice that carried new genetic material.The research greatly _27_knowledge about embryonic development as well as aging and disease. It _28_to a new technology-gene targeting. And this has already produced five hundred mouse models of human conditions.Knockout mice are used for general research and for the development of new _29_. International efforts aim to make them _30_ in the near future for all genes.21. A. shareB. studyC. targetD. inactivate22. A. presentB. shareC. receiveD. produce23. A. individuallyB. inactivelyC. officiallyD. willingly24. A. createB. targetC. developD. research25. A. independentlyB. willinglyC. secretlyD. officially26. A. resolutionB. developmentC. treatmentD. solution27. A. displayB. expressedC. expandedD. produced28. A. exposedB. ledC. appliedD. owed29. A. effortsB. changesC. cellsD. treatments20. A. availableB. individualC .activeD. independent4Alfred Nobel became a millionaire and changed the ways of mining，construction，and 学科网 warfare as the inventor of dynamite(炸药)On April 12，1888，Alfred's brother Ludwig died of heart attackA major French newspaper _21_ his brother for him and carried an article _22_ the death of Alfred Nobel“The merchant of death is deadthe article read“DrAlfred 学科网 Nobel，who became _23_ by finding ways to kill more people faster than ever before，died 学科网 yesterdayNobel was _24_ to find out not that he had died，but that，when his time was up， he would be thought of only as one who profited from _25_ and destruction 学科网To make sure that he was _26_ with love and respectNobel arranged in his _27_ to 学科网give the largest part of his money to _28_ the Nobel prizes，which would be awarded to people who made great _29_ to the causes of peace，literature，and the sciencesSo _30_ ，Nobel 学科网had to die before he realized what his life was really about 学科网21Afound Bmisunderstood Cmistook Djudged22Aintroducing Bannouncing Cimplying Dadvertising23Afamous Bsick Crich Dpopular24Aupset Banxious Cexcited Dpleased25Adeath Bdisease Ctrouble Dattack26Arepaid Bdescribed Csupported Dremembered27Abook Barticle Cwill Dcontract28Aestablish Bform Cdevelop Dpromote29Aadditions Bsacrifices Cchanges Dcontributions30Agenerally Bbasically Cusually Dcertainly第一节 完形填空 (共10小题；每题2分，总分值20分)阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，然后从2130各题所给的A、B、C和D项中，选出最正确选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。5Tales of the supernatural are common in all parts of Britain. In particular, there was (and perhaps still is) a belief in fairies(仙女). Not all of these   21   are the friendly, people-loving characters that appear in Disney films, and in some folktales they are   22   and cause much human suffering. This is true in the tales about the Changeling. These tell the story of a mother whose baby grows   23   and pale and has changed so much that it is almost   24   to the parents. It was then   25   that the fairies had come and stolen the baby away and   26   the human baby with a fairy Changeling. There were many ways to prevent this from happening: hanging a knife over the babys head while he slept or covering him with some of his fathers clothes were just two of the recommended   27  . However, hope was not lost even if the baby had been   28  . In those cases there was often a way to get the   29   baby back. You could   _30_the Changeling on the fire-then it would rise up the chimney, and you would hear the sound of fairies laughter and soon after you would find your own child safe and sound nearby.21. A. babies       B. believers     C. fairies         D. supermen22. A. powerful    B. cruel          C. frightened     D. extraordinary23. A. sick       B. slim          C. short          D. small24. A. uncomfortable  B. unbelievable   C. unacceptable D. unrecognizable25. A. feared      B. predicted      C. heard          D. reported26. A. covered    B. changed       C. replaced       D. terrified27. A. cases       B. tools         C. steps           D. methods28. A. missed      B. stolen        C. found          D. lost       B. pale          C. sad           D. real30. A. seize      B. burn          C. place         D. hold答案与解析：一日本的科学研究人员研制出一种能品酒并鉴别和说出多种葡萄酒名的机器人，非常人性化。它还能说出哪种食品与那种葡萄酒相配味更美。21. B。由上文的identify(识别，鉴别)可知，此处是指区分酒的优劣的能力；表示“鉴别，区别是tell.from。22. C。由下句In Japan, robots are doing it可推知，此题是指人类(human)独有的技巧。23. A。每样食物都有其“独特的，独一无二的(unique)指纹编码。24. C。由第二段name the specific brand可知。25. D。句意是指何种葡萄酒和何种食品相配就非常对味，指两种食品配在一起对味或好吃，用go well (with)。而match往往指两件东西搭配起来相不相称(此时也可用go with)，如领带和西装相称与否；mix只是将两种或两种以上的东西混在一起。26. A。由表示进一步解释的or可知，既然“机器人能够个性化，也就是说，“可以根据主人的口味来设定程序(programmed)，以便为主人推荐适合主人口味(taste)的品牌。 27. B。指给主人介绍适主人口味合的新的酒类。28. C。指机器人能够温和地向主人发出警示(warning)不要吃肥腻或多盐的东西。29. B。由后一句Buying one of these would cost about as much as a new car可知。30. D。由上文的buying和后局部的available等可知，现在还没有打算将这种机器人投放到市场。此处market是及物动词，意为“将投放市场销售(offer for sail)。答案与解析(二)神七平安着陆后，科学家在紧锣密鼓地进行着一系列的研究工作，对润滑剂的研究就是其中之一。科学家试图发现物质暴露于外太空之后变化会是什么样的。21. B。指“太空飞行任务(the flight into space)，是The mission。22. D。翻开(unseal)润滑剂才能研究它。23. A。只有aboard才表示“在(飞船/飞机/火车)上。24. C。指装载(loaded)在飞船外面的固态润滑剂样品。25. B。因outer space在下文中有。26. D。上文提到润滑剂装载于飞船的外面。27. C。从后一句The appearance of the two types of samples has either turned dark or become rougher可以推断出是明显的变化(obvious changes)。28. A。润滑剂用于减少摩擦是常识，不能去掉摩擦(remove friction)。29. B。科学家通过比拟曾暴露于外太空的润滑剂和一般的样品润滑剂来得出试验结论。30. C。此处tell表示“断定之意。(三)今年诺贝尔医药方面得奖者由三名科学家获得，他们研究单个基因的职责，发现如何在实验室动物的身上阻止基因活动的方法。21. D。由下文knock out可知，inactivate的意思是make inactive(阻止活动)。22. B。由常识可知，诺贝尔奖每年颁奖一次，有奖金颁发，有时由两个人或以上共享(share)奖金。23. C。诺贝尔奖是正式的官方称谓。24. B。由下文gene targeting可知，此处target的意思是choose someone or something as your target or goal(把选为目标)。25. A。由上下文可知，他们各自(independently)研究的那些细胞。26. D。由后文He developed embryonic stem cells that could produce mice that carried new genetic material可推断出该句的意思是Martin Evans有了解决方法。27. C。由上文可推断出他们的这一科学成果扩大了人们的知识领域。28. B。由上文可推断出这个研究产生了一项新技术，即gene targeting。29. D。上文曾提到这三位科学家取得诺贝尔医学奖，自然是为研发新药或疗法the development of new treatments。30. A。由available的词义“(of things) that you can get, buy or find可知，从市场上可买到这些药。421. C。因mistake A for B (将A误以为B)是固定搭配。22. B。由常识可知，报社应是“发布消息，故用announce (give information about)。23. C。由首句became a millionaire可知。24. A。根据常识，看到自己本来死却报道死了这样的消息，特别是说自己通过kill more people faster来发财的评论，应当是“不快乐，苦恼(unhappy or annoyed)，不可能是“兴奋的(excited)“快乐的(pleased)“渴望的(anxious)。25. A。与destruction(消灭)并列的应是attack(攻击)，上文的warfare (战争), kill more people也都说明要选D。再说，根据有关dynamite (炸药)的特点与运用的常识也可选出正确答案。26. D。由后文设立奖金可知，是为了改变自我形象，要设法“被别人充满爱与尊敬地铭记(be remember with love and respect)。27. C。由最后一句Nobel Ks5uhad to die before he realized可知，是在“遗嘱(will)中作的安排。28. A。根据与名词the Nobel prizes的搭配，又结合常识，应当是“设立诺贝尔奖金。29. D。奖金应当是将给那些为世界和平、文学和科学等领域作出过巨大奉献的人。make contributions to(对作出奉献)是固定搭配。30. A。遗嘱中安排设立奖金，因此，“普遍(by or to most people, widely)认为，他到死时才意识到他的人生的真正意义。 本大题中由理解空格所在句本身即可选出答案的有21(固定搭配)题，22题(常识)，24题(常识)，26题(固定搭配与常识)，28题(动宾搭配与常识)，29题(固定搭配)等6道题，占总数的60%。由上文信息和常识即可选出正确答案的有23题、25题(并列关系也很重要)、30题(so暗示了上下文的因果关系，还涉及到词语辨析)，共3个小题；由下文信息可选出正确答案的有27题。本大题固定搭配和常识题较多，应当属中等偏易；其中最难的可能是第30题。5本文主要是说英国的神话故事中非所有仙女都是善良的，有的很残酷，常给人们带来痛苦。21. C 结合前句可知，本句意为“并不是所有的仙女(fairies)都像迪斯尼电影中出现的人物那样友善、讨人喜爱。22. B 与前面的friendly相对，后面的and cause much human suffering也说明了这一点。23. A 由与之并列的pale (苍白)可知，是有病的婴儿。24. D 因为“变化如此之大，所以父母也“无法识别，辨不出来。25. A 孩子变得识别不出来了，这时“人们担忧(it is feared that)被仙女来换了一个孩子了。26. C 由前文stolen the baby away可知，是用a fairy Changeling来取代了the human baby；表示“取代用replace = take the place of。27. D 由前文的many ways可知，与ways同义的是methods。28. B 由前文stolen the baby away可知。29. D 与用来取代的假的相对，应当为“真的。30. C 把the Changeling“放到火上面。