现代大学英语-基础写作下ppt课件.ppt

篮球比赛是根据运动队在规定的比赛时间里得分多少来决定胜负的，因此，篮球比赛的计时计分系统是一种得分类型的系统 Contemporary College English 现代大学英语现代大学英语 基础写作（下）基础写作（下）篮球比赛是根据运动队在规定的比赛时间里得分多少来决定胜负的，因此，篮球比赛的计时计分系统是一种得分类型的系统ContentSummaryManuscriptform/Diction/Sentences/Paragraphs/TypesofWritingNarration(Units1357)Description(Units246)lLetters(Unit8)篮球比赛是根据运动队在规定的比赛时间里得分多少来决定胜负的，因此，篮球比赛的计时计分系统是一种得分类型的系统Summary Writing1.What a short piece of writing-the main facts or ideas of a story or article 2.Features:objective,complete,balanced 3.Goal to give readers an objective,complete,accurate and balancedunderstandingoftheoriginalpaper.4.Where:examination questions newspaper or TV reports employees reports5.Tips read&master the main ideas figure out important details not adding extra things limit the number of words preserve the mood and the tone篮球比赛是根据运动队在规定的比赛时间里得分多少来决定胜负的，因此，篮球比赛的计时计分系统是一种得分类型的系统Gathering essential facts summarize the main idea1.essential facts and main actions2.necessary background 3.leave out unimportant things4.indirect speech and straightforward language5.in chronological(time)order篮球比赛是根据运动队在规定的比赛时间里得分多少来决定胜负的，因此，篮球比赛的计时计分系统是一种得分类型的系统Differences between summarizingothersstoryThe main ideasThe main actionIn logical order(逻辑顺序)In chronological order(事情发展顺序)篮球比赛是根据运动队在规定的比赛时间里得分多少来决定胜负的，因此，篮球比赛的计时计分系统是一种得分类型的系统Diction-figureofspeechSentences-sentencetypes:simple,compound,complexandcompound-complex;loose,periodic,balancedandparallel.Paragraphs-coherence-order:time,space,logical(least-most;most-least;obvious-subtle)TypesofWriting:narrative;exposition;description;argumentation篮球比赛是根据运动队在规定的比赛时间里得分多少来决定胜负的，因此，篮球比赛的计时计分系统是一种得分类型的系统There are many different forms of writing for different purposesPersuasiveExplanationInstructions and proceduresFactual AccountReportPoetryDescriptiveLetterNarrativeWriting篮球比赛是根据运动队在规定的比赛时间里得分多少来决定胜负的，因此，篮球比赛的计时计分系统是一种得分类型的系统Warm UpIs there a significant memory in your life?What is it?Try to share it with us.-writing style篮球比赛是根据运动队在规定的比赛时间里得分多少来决定胜负的，因此，篮球比赛的计时计分系统是一种得分类型的系统Narration1.Whatthe type of writing which tells a story:personal experience,imaginative fiction,historical narrative2.Essential elements:events arranged in a chosen order told by a narrator purpose:to illustrate a point to support an idea to explain a procedure(程序,步骤)to entertain the reader/audience篮球比赛是根据运动队在规定的比赛时间里得分多少来决定胜负的，因此，篮球比赛的计时计分系统是一种得分类型的系统Narration3.How to write construct a topic sentence use the first person point of view present your personal experience in chronological order select details that serve your purpose connect the details by transitions p.s.ordinary experiences are the beat sources for personal narratives篮球比赛是根据运动队在规定的比赛时间里得分多少来决定胜负的，因此，篮球比赛的计时计分系统是一种得分类型的系统Even within each genre of writing there are different kinds of writingNarrativeAnecdoteBiographyStories with a plotNarrative PoemAutobiographyFables and Legends篮球比赛是根据运动队在规定的比赛时间里得分多少来决定胜负的，因此，篮球比赛的计时计分系统是一种得分类型的系统NarrativeAnarrativeisastorydevelopedfromaneventoraseriesofeventsCharacter,settingandthemoodareusuallyestablishedatthebeginningofthestoryThemiddledescribeseventsinwhichacharacterdealswithsomekindofconflictTheendofthestoryorclimax,tellshowtheconflictisresolved篮球比赛是根据运动队在规定的比赛时间里得分多少来决定胜负的，因此，篮球比赛的计时计分系统是一种得分类型的系统 CharacteristicsNarrativeHasaplot-beginningincludinganinterestingsetting(place,time)&charactersmiddleend(climax)篮球比赛是根据运动队在规定的比赛时间里得分多少来决定胜负的，因此，篮球比赛的计时计分系统是一种得分类型的系统Activity 1 Checkthesentencesthatyouthinkwouldmakeinterestingtopicsentencesforpersonalexperiencenarrative.Andexplainit.(p.2)篮球比赛是根据运动队在规定的比赛时间里得分多少来决定胜负的，因此，篮球比赛的计时计分系统是一种得分类型的系统How to write a personal experience narrativeConstructatopicsentenceUsethefirstpersonpointofviewPresentitinchronologicalorderSelectonlythedetailsConnectthedetailsbyusingtransitions篮球比赛是根据运动队在规定的比赛时间里得分多少来决定胜负的，因此，篮球比赛的计时计分系统是一种得分类型的系统Personal experience narrativeNarrator:firstpersonStructure:1.beginning:topicsentence(who,when,where,what,why,how.),describingthewholeevent2.body:presenttheexperienceinchronologicalorder(usingsometransitions:afterward,later,when,soon,while,before,then.)3.end:summarizethewholetextandshowthetheme(p.3exercises+reading)篮球比赛是根据运动队在规定的比赛时间里得分多少来决定胜负的，因此，篮球比赛的计时计分系统是一种得分类型的系统Activity:Comparetwopassagesbyyourpeers(p.8,p.9)“Reunion with my best friend”“what a change”Whichoneisbetter?(Title,topic,structure,content,writingskill,language)篮球比赛是根据运动队在规定的比赛时间里得分多少来决定胜负的，因此，篮球比赛的计时计分系统是一种得分类型的系统WritingListalltheideasofreunionyouhaveexperienced.MakeaplanDiscusswithyourclassmateswriteaccordingtoyourplanimprovedEditing篮球比赛是根据运动队在规定的比赛时间里得分多少来决定胜负的，因此，篮球比赛的计时计分系统是一种得分类型的系统Narration-Effective Effective sentencessentences -action and active verbsTIPS replace the verbs be with an action verbs dont overuse the patternthere+be use the active voice(P141)篮球比赛是根据运动队在规定的比赛时间里得分多少来决定胜负的，因此，篮球比赛的计时计分系统是一种得分类型的系统Effective sentencesCoordinationSubordination篮球比赛是根据运动队在规定的比赛时间里得分多少来决定胜负的，因此，篮球比赛的计时计分系统是一种得分类型的系统coordinationItiscombiningtwoormoreideasinonesentencetocreateequal emphasis.Youcancoordinatewords,phrasesandclauses.Coordination of sentences is a grammatical strategy to communicate thattheideasintwoormoreINDEPENDENTCLAUSESareequivalentorbalanced.Coordinationcanproduceharmonybybringingrelatedelementstogether.Wheneveryouusethetechniqueofcoordinationofsentences,makesurethatitworkswellwiththemeaningyouwanttocommunicate.篮球比赛是根据运动队在规定的比赛时间里得分多少来决定胜负的，因此，篮球比赛的计时计分系统是一种得分类型的系统SubordinationItiscombiningtwoormoreideasinonesentencetocreateunequal emphasis.Togiveunequalemphasistotwoormoreideas,youexpressthemajorideainanindependentclauseandexpressminorideasinsubordinateclauses,phrasesorsinglewords.篮球比赛是根据运动队在规定的比赛时间里得分多少来决定胜负的，因此，篮球比赛的计时计分系统是一种得分类型的系统Effective sentences1.coordination(并列)Coordinating conjunctionsbut,or,nor,for,so,yetCorrelative conjunctionsboth.and,either.or,nether.nor,notonly.but also,whether.orConjunctive adverbsHowever,moreover,furthermore,thereforeTransitional phrasesAs a matter of fact,for example,in other words篮球比赛是根据运动队在规定的比赛时间里得分多少来决定胜负的，因此，篮球比赛的计时计分系统是一种得分类型的系统2.subordination(从属)Subordinating conjunctionsAfter,although,as,because,before,if,since,though,unless,until,when,where,whileRelative pronounsThat,which,who,whom,whose篮球比赛是根据运动队在规定的比赛时间里得分多少来决定胜负的，因此，篮球比赛的计时计分系统是一种得分类型的系统Coordinating conjunctions:for(reason),and(addition),nor(negativechoice),but(contrast),or(choice),yet(contrast),so(resultoreffect)Conjunctive adverbs:Addition:also,furthermore,moreover,besides,finallyContrast:however,still,nevertheless,nonetheless,conversely,nonetheless,instead,otherwise,stillComparison:similarly,likewiseResultorsummary:therefore,thus,consequently,accordingly,hence,thenTime:next,then,meanwhile,finally,subsequentlyEmphasis:indeed,certainly,specificallyTransitional Phrases:Addition:inaddition,equallyimportantContrast:ontheotherhand,incontrast,atthesametime,onthecontrary,evensoComparison:inthesamewayConcession:ofcourse,tobesure,certainly,granted,admittedlyExample:forexample,forinstance,asanillustration,namely,specifically,infactSummary/Result:inshort,inbrief,insummary,inconclusion,asaresult,accordinglyTime/Ranking:first,second,third(),next,finally,afterwards,meanwhile,subsequently,eventually,inthefirstplace,atthesametime,篮球比赛是根据运动队在规定的比赛时间里得分多少来决定胜负的，因此，篮球比赛的计时计分系统是一种得分类型的系统SubordinatingconjunctionsandtheirmeaningsTimeafter,before,once,since,until,when,whenever,whileAfter you have handed in your report,you cannot revise it.Reason or Causeas,because,sinceBecause you have handed in your report,you cannot revise it.Purpose or Resultin order that,so that,thatIwanttoreadyourreportso that I can evaluate it.Conditionif even,if,provided that,unlessUnless you have handed in your report,you can revise it.Contrastalthough,even though,though,whereas,whileAlthough you have handed in your report,you can ask to revise it.Choicethan,whetherYoutookmoretimetorevisethan I did before the lab report deadline.Place or Locationwhere,whereverWherever you say,Ill come to hand in my report.篮球比赛是根据运动队在规定的比赛时间里得分多少来决定胜负的，因此，篮球比赛的计时计分系统是一种得分类型的系统常见连接词常见连接词Coordinators and SubordinatorsCoordinators and SubordinatorsTo add ideas togetherAnd,also,besides,furthermore,in addition,moreover,too,first,second,finallyTO show emphasis and clarityAbove all,after all,in fact,particularly,that is篮球比赛是根据运动队在规定的比赛时间里得分多少来决定胜负的，因此，篮球比赛的计时计分系统是一种得分类型的系统常见连接词常见连接词Coordinators and SubordinatorsCoordinators and SubordinatorsTo show similarityLike,likewise,in the same manner,in the same way,similarlyTo show contrastAlthough,but,however,in comparison,in contrast,in spite of,on the contrary,on the other hand,unlike,whereas,while,yet篮球比赛是根据运动队在规定的比赛时间里得分多少来决定胜负的，因此，篮球比赛的计时计分系统是一种得分类型的系统常见连接词常见连接词Coordinators and SubordinatorsCoordinators and SubordinatorsTo express cause and effect relationshipAs,because,due to,for,for this reason,now that,since,owing t,as a result(consequence),accordingly,consequently,therefore,thusTo point out examplesFor example,for instance,to illustrate篮球比赛是根据运动队在规定的比赛时间里得分多少来决定胜负的，因此，篮球比赛的计时计分系统是一种得分类型的系统常见连接词常见连接词Coordinators and SubordinatorsCoordinators and SubordinatorsTo draw a conclusion,an inference,or a summaryIn a word,in conclusion,in brief,in short,in summary,to conclude,to summarize,to sum up,thereforeTo indicate timeAt times,after,afterward,from then on,immediately,later,meanwhile,next,now,then,until,while.篮球比赛是根据运动队在规定的比赛时间里得分多少来决定胜负的，因此，篮球比赛的计时计分系统是一种得分类型的系统Activity 1P140exercises.Correctfaultycoordinationorsubordinationinthefollowingsentences.P.13篮球比赛是根据运动队在规定的比赛时间里得分多少来决定胜负的，因此，篮球比赛的计时计分系统是一种得分类型的系统Read and Compare thetworeadingsfromyourpeers(p18-19)myfirstexperiencewithdeath,myfirstparttimejob.findoutthephrasesorwordsofcoordinationandsubordinationasmuchaspossible.Analyzing“experience”intermsofwhoexperience,Whatistheexperience,whatisthelessonoftheexperience.篮球比赛是根据运动队在规定的比赛时间里得分多少来决定胜负的，因此，篮球比赛的计时计分系统是一种得分类型的系统Narration-to describe a person1.focus on the main character2.briefly describe the main character3.describe an incident to display the character and personality4.conclude with a remark about the implies篮球比赛是根据运动队在规定的比赛时间里得分多少来决定胜负的，因此，篮球比赛的计时计分系统是一种得分类型的系统DiscussionDiscussinyourgroupaboutthefollowingtopic:MyfirstAccordingtowhatyoudiscussed,writeacomposition.Assignment:P14课外阅读 P16背诵篮球比赛是根据运动队在规定的比赛时间里得分多少来决定胜负的，因此，篮球比赛的计时计分系统是一种得分类型的系统Narration-Major types of point of view The first person point of viewI Observer or participantsubjectiveThe third person point of viewHe,she,theyObserverobjective Point of view-the perspective(观点)篮球比赛是根据运动队在规定的比赛时间里得分多少来决定胜负的，因此，篮球比赛的计时计分系统是一种得分类型的系统NarrationThe third person point of viewthe objective/dramatic 只叙述故事,不描写心理the limited omniscient(=all knowing)/limited 仅描写其中一个角色心理the omniscient 所有篮球比赛是根据运动队在规定的比赛时间里得分多少来决定胜负的，因此，篮球比赛的计时计分系统是一种得分类型的系统showing&tellingshowingtellingWays of telling a storyDramatize a scene (片面,突出想强 调的)Create a dialogue (为中心服务)Summarize what happenedMore vividReaderexperience the scene directlyInclude many events and detailsShort narrative =showingLonger narrative=showing+telling篮球比赛是根据运动队在规定的比赛时间里得分多少来决定胜负的，因此，篮球比赛的计时计分系统是一种得分类型的系统Short historical narratives 1.be brief account of a persons life the history of a family the establishment&development of an organization篮球比赛是根据运动队在规定的比赛时间里得分多少来决定胜负的，因此，篮球比赛的计时计分系统是一种得分类型的系统Short historical narratives2.basic structure Conclude withOpen withprovide a brief introduction(name,date of birth,birth place)a brief account of major phrases(turning point,achievement)a remark or two篮球比赛是根据运动队在规定的比赛时间里得分多少来决定胜负的，因此，篮球比赛的计时计分系统是一种得分类型的系统Short historical narratives3.summaryparagraphsA typical paragraphTopic sentence&Supporting sentencesExplanations or proofThe summary paragraphSimple facts&conclusions篮球比赛是根据运动队在规定的比赛时间里得分多少来决定胜负的，因此，篮球比赛的计时计分系统是一种得分类型的系统Paragraph Writing1.What a number of sentences-develop an idea2.Structure topic sentence&supporting details a single point a discussible point dont be too narrow(狭窄)or too broad(宽泛)篮球比赛是根据运动队在规定的比赛时间里得分多少来决定胜负的，因此，篮球比赛的计时计分系统是一种得分类型的系统Paragraph unity(一致性)1.What sentences that explain or support the general statement2.How begin with a discussable point and express it in a topic sentence stick and prove this single point,not only repeat it link words篮球比赛是根据运动队在规定的比赛时间里得分多少来决定胜负的，因此，篮球比赛的计时计分系统是一种得分类型的系统Paragraph coherence(连贯性)1.What every sentences after the first is connect to the one before it,to topic sentence,or to both2.How clear order (顺序)correct pronouns link words and expressions篮球比赛是根据运动队在规定的比赛时间里得分多少来决定胜负的，因此，篮球比赛的计时计分系统是一种得分类型的系统Interesting paragraphInteresting paragraphInteresting topic sentenceEnough detailsSurroundingsappearancesactionsAnd so on.SurroundingsappearancesactionsSurroundingsappearancesAnd so on.actionsSurroundingsappearancesSurroundingsappearancesactionsSurroundingsappearancesAnd so on.actionsSurroundingsappearances篮球比赛是根据运动队在规定的比赛时间里得分多少来决定胜负的，因此，篮球比赛的计时计分系统是一种得分类型的系统3.parallelism(平行结构,排比)grammaticalequalparallelismcoordination所有平行结构都是并列结构所有平行结构都是并列结构 words phrases clauses篮球比赛是根据运动队在规定的比赛时间里得分多少来决定胜负的，因此，篮球比赛的计时计分系统是一种得分类型的系统4.variety HowHow vary sentence opening use a variety of sentence structure invert sentences occasionally Tips Tips put an verb before the subject put the verb or direct object before the subject begin the sentence with a prepositional or an infinitive phrase begin the sentence with a subordinate clause篮球比赛是根据运动队在规定的比赛时间里得分多少来决定胜负的，因此，篮球比赛的计时计分系统是一种得分类型的系统5.conciseness -be brief unnecessary words 1)cut out unnecessary repetition empty phrase 2)use appropriate(合适的)language篮球比赛是根据运动队在规定的比赛时间里得分多少来决定胜负的，因此，篮球比赛的计时计分系统是一种得分类型的系统6.emphasis -emphasize your point coordination 并列结构 subordination 从属结构 sentence ending 强调末尾 parallelism 平行结构 active verb choosing the right subject篮球比赛是根据运动队在规定的比赛时间里得分多少来决定胜负的，因此，篮球比赛的计时计分系统是一种得分类型的系统Basic Writing(2)Essay Writing篮球比赛是根据运动队在规定的比赛时间里得分多少来决定胜负的，因此，篮球比赛的计时计分系统是一种得分类型的系统Contents1.What is descriptive writing?2.Why do we use descriptive writing?3.How to write description4.Assignment篮球比赛是根据运动队在规定的比赛时间里得分多少来决定胜负的，因此，篮球比赛的计时计分系统是一种得分类型的系统DeliciousTastyYummyGoodFinger-licking good篮球比赛是根据运动队在规定的比赛时间里得分多少来决定胜负的，因此，篮球比赛的计时计分系统是一种得分类型的系统What is descriptive writing?Asentencedefinitionofdescription:Descriptionistopaintinthemindofthereaderanimageoraseriesofimagesbymeansoflanguage.篮球比赛是根据运动队在规定的比赛时间里得分多少来决定胜负的，因此，篮球比赛的计时计分系统是一种得分类型的系统Why do we use descriptive writing?Thepurposeofapurelydescriptiveessayisto1.involvethereaderenoughsoheorshecanactuallyvisualizethethingsbeingdescribed.2.makenarrationorexpositionmorelively,colorfulandexcitingwhencombinedwiththem.篮球比赛是根据运动队在规定的比赛时间里得分多少来决定胜负的，因此，篮球比赛的计时计分系统是一种得分类型的系统How to develop an essay of description effectively?1.A descriptive essay is generally developed through sensory details.Theimpressionsofonessensessight,hearing,taste,smell,andtouch.篮球比赛是根据运动队在规定的比赛时间里得分多少来决定胜负的，因此，篮球比赛的计时计分系统是一种得分类型的系统What makes good descriptive writing?Sensory Details(Asking questions):SightSightSoundSoundSmellSmell Colors?Colors?Loud/Soft?Loud/Soft?Sweet/Sour?Sweet/Sour?Shapes?Shapes?Piercing/soothing?Piercing/soothing?Sharp/mild?Sharp/mild?Sizes?Sizes?Continuous/on and off?Continuous/on and off?Good?(Like what?)Good?(Like w