英语基础知识大全第二部分词汇基础知识-短语辨析(7).docx

第二部分 词汇基础知识常用短语及相关辨析短语at table 在餐桌边;在进餐wait at/on table 侍候进餐sit at the table 坐在桌子旁短语take it easy 不紧张take.apart拆开take.for认为,以为,误以为take off脱(衣、帽等);去掉;起飞take out 拿出,取出;带······出去take over 接管,接替take place发生,产生;举行take back 收回(所说的话),拿回,带回take in接受,接待,接纳;收容,吸收;欺骗take away拿走,夺去,使离开take to sb./sth.喜欢,亲近某人;养成······的习惯;开始从事某事take up+n./pron./doing着手处理,开始从事;继续;占据(时间,空间)take on呈现(面貌),具有(特征);雇用;承担(责任)take down拆卸,拆毁(大型机器、房屋等);记下;录下;拿下,取下;咽下短语talk on/over the telephone 电话交谈talk behind sb.'s back 背后议论某人talk of谈到······,说到······talk of/about谈论······,议论······talk to与······谈话,责备某人talk with 与······谈话,与······讨论短语listen to the tape 听录音tape recorder 磁带录音机短语to(one's)taste 对(某人的)口味,合(某人的)口味短语make tea 沏茶strong/weak tea浓淡茶短语on/over the telephone(=by telephone) 用电话,打电话be wanted on the telephone 有······的电话telephone number 电话号码make telephone calls 打电话短语tell sb.to do sth.告诉某人做某事tell sb.about sth.告诉某人关于某事tell a story 讲故事tell a lie 说谎话tell the truth 说实话tell.from.把······同······区别开短语have/run a temperature发烧take one's temperature 量体温a sudden fall/rise in temperature 温度急降骤升短语give a test 举行测验have/take a test 参加测验短语less than 少于;不足more than 多于no more than仅仅,只是短语thank.for.为······而感谢thanks to多亏,由于短语not that 并不是说now(that)既然,由于That'll do,够了.that is(to say)那就是,即短语the day after tomorrow 后天the day before yesterday 前天短语till then到那时为止(every)now and then有时,时常,不时by then 到那时from then on从那时起since then自从那时起短语there and then/then and there 当场here and there 到处from there从那里over there 在那边短语think well/ill of 认为······好不好think highly/lightly of 看重轻;对······评价高轻视think about 考虑;回想,想起;认为,以为think aloud 自言自语think over 仔细考虑think up想出,设计出,发明think of 考虑,关心;想起,记得;想一想,想象;对·····有某种看法短语be thirsty for渴望······短语as though(=as if)好像even though(=even if)即使辨析though 与 although:两者都不能与but连用,但可以与still连用;都可以放在句首,也可以置于主句之后.但though有一些特殊用法:引导让步状语从句,表语提至句首倒装,若单数可数名词作表语置于句首,不能用冠词;放在句末,用逗号与前面的部分隔开.短语thousands upon thousands 成千上万thousands of 几千,成千上万a thousand and one一千零一;许许多多短语be wet through 浑身湿透all through一直,从来就work through the night 通宵工作get through the exam 考试及格be through(with)完成,做好a through ticket 通票a through train 直达列车短语throw off匆匆扔掉,摆脱掉throw oneself into投身于,积极从事于throw about到处扔,挥舞throw away扔掉,扔在一边throw up 呕吐短语book a ticket 订票a single/one way ticket 单程票a return/round-trip ticket往返票短语tie to绑在······上;依赖,依靠tie up 束紧,缚牢短语by the time 到······的时候by this time 到此刻,到现在all the time一直,始终at any time随时every time每次,总是for a time一度,一时as time goes(on)随着时间的推移at all time 无论何时,一直at a time一次,每次at one time 曾经,一度for the first/second.time 第一二······次have a good time 过得快乐愉快have a rough time 吃苦,受难at the time of.在······的时候at times 不时in no time 立刻,马上from time to time 偶尔once upon a time从前take one's time 从容进行,不慌不忙in time及时on time按时,准时time and time again反复,不断地make time腾出时间up to time准时短语be tired of(doing)sth.对(做)某事感到厌烦feel tired 感到累的look tired 看起来累的be tired from.因······而疲倦短语get together 聚集,收集go together 相配go together with 和(······一起);加之,连同(······一起) together with 连同eall together 召集put together 把······放在一起短语only too真是太······too.to太······而不能短语from top to toe从头到脚at the top of 在······的顶部,在······的顶点on top在上面;成功come to the top出名,成功短语tour(all over) the world 周游(全)世界make a tour round the world 环球旅行辨析toward(s)与to:两者都有“朝,向”的意思.toward(s)指向(某个目标),目的地不明确:go to-wards the hoispital 朝医院走去;to侧重于到达(目的地):go to the hospital 去医院.短语miss/catch a train错过赶上火车train sb. in medicine 培养某人学医train for.为······而锻炼by train 乘火车get on/off a train 上(下)火车on a train 乘火车短语translate.into 把······译成;把······变成短语close translation 忠实的翻译a free translation 意译短语transport sth.by air空运某物短语play a trick on/upon sb.捉弄某人短语have a good trip一路顺风make/take a trip to到······去旅行take a business trip 出差短语get into trouble 招致不幸,陷入困境in trouble处于苦恼困境中make trouble 闹事,捣乱get sb. into/out of trouble 使某人陷入摆脱困境have trouble with 有麻烦困难;与·····闹纠纷;有···病痛have trouble(in)doing sth.做某事有困难短语be true of 符合······,对······适合come true(希望、理想等)实现,达到短语to tell(you)the truth 老实说speak/tell the truth 说真话,说实话短语try for谋求,争取try on 试穿have a try 试一试try out 试验try/do one's best 尽最大的努力辨析try to do,try doing 与 manage to do:try to do试图,企图去做某事,结果不详,即便有效果,往往是不好的;try doing试着做某事,并不是很努力地去做,只是随意试试;manage to do 设法做了某事,指经过一定的努力和艰辛,成功地做成了某事.短语in turn依次,轮流turn on开,旋开(水、电、煤气等);攻击对······发怒;把·····对准turn against 背离;对······不利turn off 关turn away走开,转过脸去turn away from厌恶in one's turn 轮到某人turn back 折,翻回到(to)turn into 使成为;把······变成;翻成······turn down翻下;调低;拒绝take turns 依次,轮流turn up 找到,发现;出现;调高(灯、火、煤气、音量等)turn over(使)打翻,(使)倾倒;反复考虑;翻身;仔细翻查turn to转向;向······求助;致力于;着手(做······)短语in the twenties 在二十年代in one's twenties 二十几岁短语think twice 重新考虑;三思once or twice一两次in twice分两次(做某事)短语under construction 在建设中under discussion 在讨论中under control 受制,被控制under the name of 假托······之名under treatment 治疗中under the leadership of 在······领导下短语make oneself understood 表达自己的意思,使旁人理解自己的意思辨析until与 not.until:until用于肯定句,多与表示延续状态的词连用.如:I am walking along the street until five.我一直沿着街散步到5点.not.until“直到······才”,与暂时性动词连用,表示动作由 until所表示的时间开始.如:I didn't go to bed until10:00.我十点才上床睡觉.短语up and down上上下下;前后,到处bring up a child 把孩子抚养大burn up 烧光up to一直到;从事,忙于;胜任;······的责任短语a room upstairs 楼上的房间短语have no use for不需要;不喜欢use.to do sth.用······去做某事use sth.up用光make good/full/little use of 好好充分不充分利用······be of no use 没用,不起作用be of use 有用的put.to use使用,利用in use 在使用中come into use 在使用中短语make oneself useful使自身有用be useful to/for 对······有用be useful in/for doing 有助于······短语as usual照例,像往常一样短语on a visit to到······参观,访问,逗留pay.a visit(=pay a visit to.)到某处参观,拜访某人come to visit 来参观短语in a loud/soft voice 大声轻声地in a high/low voice 高声低声地短语wait for等待,等候wait at/on the table伺候进餐wait and see等着瞧短语wake up 唤醒,弄醒;(自己)醒来;激励短语five minutes' walk 步行五分钟的路程walk out走出;把(某人)带出;罢工,退席have/take a walk 去散步短语the Great Wall of China 万里长城短语want sth,想要某物want doing 需要被·····want to do sth.想要做某事want sb.(not)to do sth.想要希望某人(不)做某事短语be at war(with)和······处于交战状态,与······不和declare war on/upon 向···宣战;对······表示反对go to the wars 出征,打仗a civil war 内战短语warn sb.of/against danger 警告某人有危险warn sb.of sth.警告通知某人有某事warn sb.(not)to do sth.警告告诫某人不要做某事“warn+that从句”警告告诫“warn sb.+that从句”警告告诫某人短语wash one's hands洗手;解手wash.off(.)把······(从······)洗掉wash away冲走,冲掉have a wash 洗一洗wash up洗餐具;洗脸,洗手短语watch.done注视着······被·····watch sb.do sth.注视某人做了某事watch sb.doing sth.注视着某人在做某事watch how to do sth.注意如何做······keep(a)watch值班,放哨,守望keep close watch over 密切注意be on the watch(for)看守着,提防着,留神着on/off watch在不在值班watch out(for)注意,提防短语be under water 淹在水中throw/pour cold water on对······泼冷水fresh/sweet water淡水running water 自来水短语all the way一路上,从远道;自始至终by the way 顺便说一下by way of 通过······方法;经由;为了;作为,当作on the/one's way to 在去······的路上in this/that way用这种那种方法in the way 妨碍;挡道的,使人不便的out of the way不碍人,不挡道the right way 正路,正道under way 在进行中,前进着短语as weak as water 身体虚弱;意志薄弱a weak character意志薄弱的人be weak in 在······方面差短语wear off消逝,渐弱wear a happy smile 带着幸福的微笑wear out 消瘦;穿破,用坏;(使)疲乏,(使)耗尽be worn out穿坏短语weigh out称出,量出weigh up 称,估量短语put on weight体重增加,变胖lose weight减肥under weight 重量不足短语receive a cool welcome 受到冷冰冰的接待a welcome guest 受欢迎的人welcome a suggestion 欢迎提建议give sb. a warm welcome给某人以热烈欢迎You're welcome.不客气.(对于他人道谢的回答)短语be well above高出······很多be well worth 非常值得Well begun is half done.好的开始是成功的一半.Well done!干得好！well off 富裕think wel1 of 赞扬,认为好be well with 与······相交得好短语be wet through(=be wet to the skin)浑身湿透a wet season 雨季短语what is more而且What can I do for you?(服务员售货员的用语)你需要什么?what is worse 更糟糕的是What about.(=How about.)怎么样?短语be about to do.when 刚要······就在那时hardly.when/before.一···就辨析when与 what time:when的范围比 what time广,回答时可用具体的时间,也可以用笼统的时间;what time问的是明确、具体的时间.短语whether.or not无论如何,不管怎样辨析whether与if:whether与if都可引导名词性从句,表示“是否”.whether有“不管,无论”之意,用于句中有or not时或引导主语从句、表语从句、同位语从句时;也可作介词宾语,与不定式连用和引导让步状语从句(上述情况只能用 whether 不能用if);if还有“假如,如果”的意思,引导条件状语从句,可置于句首,也可以置于主句之后.短语once in a while 偶尔,间或辨析while 与 when:while侧重主、从句的动作同时发生.从句中的动词必须是能够表示延续状态的词或短语,不能用暂时性动词.when侧重表达主句的动作;从句中的动词可以是延续性的,也可以是暂时性的.短语go/turn white 变苍白white coffee加牛奶的咖啡in white穿着白衣服a white lie 无恶意的谎言the White House 自宫短语a whole year 整整一年as a whole 总体上;就其总体来说on/upon the whole 大体上,基本上;总的看来短语Why don't you.为什么不······Why not.为什么不······短语open one's eyes wide 睁大眼睛辨析wide 与 widely:wide兼有形容词和副词两种词性;wide作副词,指具体概念;widely只有副词词性,指抽象概念.短语against one's will 违心地,违背意愿地at will随意地,任意地a strong will 坚强的意志短语win sth.for sb.为某人赢得某物win sb.sth.为某人赢得某物短语a free wind 顺风against the wind逆风,顶风短语wish sth.to sb.向某人祝愿······wish to do sth.希望做某事with best wishes 祝好wish sb.to do希望某人做某事短语be angry with 对······发怒with one's help 在某人的帮助下with one's own eyes 亲眼所见with great effort 费劲地短语within one's reach 在手边;在够得着的地方within one's knowledge 就某人所知within an hour一小时之内in an hour一小时后短语No/Little/Small wonder that.·.不足为奇难怪······in wonder 惊奇地a look of wonder 惊异的神情the wonders of nature 自然奇观短语in the world天下,在世界上;究竟all over the world 全世界短语worry about 担心Don't worry!别担心！短语write down写下,记下write out 写出;全部写出write in pencil 用铅笔写write with a pencil 用铅笔写短语be wrong for sb. to do sth.某人做某事是不对的do wrong作错,作恶,犯罪do sb.wrong(=do wrong to sb.)冤枉某人,委屈某人,对某人不公平学科网（北京）股份有限公司