Module4 Cultural corner补充阅读材料 练习-高中英语外研版选修七.docx

Armstrong was a foundational influence in jazz, shifting the focus of the music from collective improvisation to solo performance. With his instantly recognizable gravelly voice, Armstrong was also an influential singer, demonstrating great dexterity as an improviser, bending the lyrics and melody of a song for expressive purposes. He was also skilled at scat singing.Renowned for his charismatic stage presence and voice almost as much as for his trumpet-playing, Armstrong's influence extends well beyond jazz music, and by the end of his career in the 1960s, he was widely regarded as a profound influence on popular music in general. Armstrong was one of the first truly popular African-American entertainers to "cross over", whose skin color was secondary to his music in an America that was extremely racially divided. He rarely publicly politicized his race, often to the dismay of fellow African-Americans, but took a well-publicized stand for desegregation in the Little Rock Crisis. His artistry and personality allowed him socially acceptable access to the upper echelons of American society which were highly restricted for black men of his era.Armstrong was posthumously awarded the Grammy Lifetime Achievement Award in 1972 as one of performers who, during their lifetimes, have made creative contributions of outstanding artistic significance to the field of recording. Recordings of Armstrong were inducted into the Grammy Hall of Fame, which is a special Grammy award established in 1973 to honor recordings that are at least 25 years old, and that have "qualitative or historical significance."Foundational 基础的，根本的 Shift 移动，变化，转化collective 集体的 recognizable 可辨识的gravelly 声音沙哑的 dexterity 灵巧，敏捷bend 弯曲，倾向于，专心于expressive 有表达力的 scat singing 拟声唱法Renowned for 因而著名 charismatic 超有魅力的profound 影响深远的 was secondary to 次于；亚于racially divided 种族划分 politicize 参与政治dismay 沮丧 desegregation 废除种族歧视artistry 艺术性 echelon 阶层restrict 限制 era 时代，年代，纪元posthumously 死后出版的Grammy Lifetime Achievement Award 格莱美终身成就奖inducted into 引入 Grammy Hall of Fame 格莱美名人堂Qualitative 质的，性质上的Significance 意义Robert Leroy Johnson (May 8, 1911 August 16, 1938) was an American blues singer-songwriter and musician. His landmark recordings in 1936 and 1937 display a combination of singing, guitar skills, and songwriting talent that has influenced later generations of musicians. Johnson's shadowy 朦胧，暗黑的and poorly documented life and death at age 27 have given rise to much legend, including the Faustian myth（浮士德式的迷：浮士德将灵魂交给魔鬼换取他想要的） that he sold his soul to the devil at a crossroads to achieve success. As an itinerant巡回的 performer who played mostly on street corners, in juke joints廉价酒店, and at Saturday night dances, Johnson had little commercial商业的 success or public recognition认同 in his lifetime.It was only after the reissue再次发行 of his recordings in 1961, on the “LP King of the Delta Blues Singers”, that his work reached a wider audience. Johnson is now recognized as a master of the blues, particularly of the Mississippi Delta blues style. He is credited by many rock musicians as an important influence; Eric Clapton has called Johnson "the most important blues singer that ever lived." in 1986 Johnson was inducted into入选 the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame摇滚名人堂 as an early influence in its first induction ceremony, A memorial纪念碑 to him reads, "Robert Johnson stands at the crossroads of American music, much as a popular folk legend has it he once stood at Mississippi crossroads and sold his soul to the devil in exchange for guitar-playing prowess. （超凡技术） In 1990, his album The Complete Recordings was awarded Best Historical Album in Grammy Awards 格莱美最佳历史专辑In 2010, David Fricke ranked Johnson fifth in Rolling Stone magazine's "100 Greatest Guitarists of All Time".The National Recording Preservation Board美国国家录音保存委员会 added The Complete Recordings to the National Recording Registry 注册of the Library of Congress美国国会图书馆 in 2003. The board annually selects songs that are "culturally, historically, or aesthetically审美学的 significant" for inclusion in the Registry.Woodrow Wilson "Woody" Guthrie (July 14, 1912  October 3, 1967) was an American singer-songwriter and musician whose musical legacy includes hundreds of political, traditional, and children's songs, along with ballads 民谣and improvised works即兴创作. He frequently performed with the slogan This machine kills fascists 法西斯displayed on his guitar. His best-known song is "This Land Is Your Land". Many of his recorded songs are archived in the Library of Congress.美国国家图书馆many songwriters have acknowledged Guthrie as a major influence.Many of his songs are about his experiences in the Dust Bowl era沙尘暴时期 during the Great Depression大萧条时期 when he traveled with displaced 无家可归的farmers from Oklahoma to California and learned their traditional folk and blues songs, earning him the nickname the "Dust Bowl Troubadour"民谣歌手 Throughout his life Guthrie was associated with United States Communist 共产党groups, though he was seemingly not a member of any.Guthrie was married three times and fathered eight children, including American folk musician Arlo Guthrie. Guthrie died from complications并发症 of Huntington's disease.During his later years, in spite of his illness, Guthrie served as a figurehead有名无实的领袖 in the folk movement, 民谣运动providing inspiration to a generation of new folk musicians, including mentor指导 relationships with Ramblin' Jack Elliott and Bob Dylan.Next ,guess who these musicians are? Check your answers with your teacherAThis is an American singer-songwriter. Raised in Pennsylvania, this musician moved to Tennessee at the age of 14 to pursue a career in country music. This musician signed with the independent label Big Machine Records and became the youngest songwriter ever signed by the Sony/ATV Music publishing house. The release of this musician 's eponymous debut album in 2006 marked the start of this musicians career as a country music singer. This musicians third single, "Our Song", made this musician the youngest person to single-handedly write and perform a number-one song on the Hot Country Songs chart.This musician s second album, Fearless, was released in 2008. With the pop crossover success of the singles "Love Story" and "You Belong with Me", Fearless became the best-selling album of 2009 in the United States. The album won four Grammy Awards, with this musician becoming the youngest ever Album of the Year winner. This musician 's third and fourth albums, 2010's Speak Now and 2012's Red, both sold more than one million copies within the first week of their U.S release. Speak Now's "Mean" won two Grammy Awards, while Red's singles "We Are Never Ever Getting Back Together" and "I Knew You Were Trouble" were successful worldwide. this musician 's fifth album, the pop-focused 1989, was released in 2014 and sold more copies in its opening week than any album in the previous 12 years, making this musician the first and only act to have three albums sell more than one million copies in the opening release week. Its singles "Shake It Off", "Blank Space", and "Bad Blood" reached number one on the Billboard Hot 100. The album won three Grammy Awards, with this musician becoming the fifth and only female act to receive the Album of the Year award twice. This musician is known for narrative songs about this musicians personal experiences. As a songwriter, this musician has been honored by the Nashville Songwriters Association and the Songwriters Hall of Fame. this musician 's other achievements include ten Grammy Awards, one Emmy Award, 22 Billboard Music Awards, 11 Country Music Association Awards and eight Academy of Country Music Awards. This musician is one of the best-selling artists of all time, having sold more than 40 million albumsincluding 27.1 million in the U.S.and 130 million single downloads. In 2015, this musician became the youngest woman ever to be included on Forbes' "100 Most Powerful Women" list, ranked at number 64. Of course , this musician is _B This musician, is an American singer and songwriter. After singing in church during this musicianS childhood, this musician pursued a career in gospel music as a teenager. This musician signed with Red Hill Records and released this musicians debut studio album  under this musicians birth name in 2001, which was commercially unsuccessful. this musician moved to Los Angeles the following year to venture into secular music after Red Hill ceased operations and this musician subsequently began working with producers Glen Ballard, Dr. Luke, and Max Martin. After adopting the stage name this musician and being dropped by The Island Def Jam Music Group and Columbia Records, this musician signed a recording contract with Capitol Records in April 2007.this musician rose to fame in 2008 with the release of the singles "I Kissed a Girl" which sparked controversy for its homosexual themes and "Hot n Cold" from this musicians second album, a pop rock record titled One of the Boys. this musicians third album,Teenage Dream (2010), ventured into disco, and contained the U.S. Billboard Hot 100 chart-topping singles "California Gurls", "Teenage Dream", "Firework", "E.T.", and "Last Friday Night (T.G.I.F.)" as well as the number-three single "The One That Got Away". The album became the first by a female artist to produce five number-one songs in the U.S., and the second overall after  this musician Jackson's album Bad. In March 2012, this musician re-issued the album as Teenage Dream: The Complete Confection, which produced the songs "Part of Me" and "Wide Awake". This musicias fourth album, Prism, was released in 2013, and is influenced by pop and dance. This musician became the first artist with multiple videos to reach one billion views on Vevo with the videos for its songs "Roar" and "Dark Horse".This musician has received many awards, including four Guinness World Records, and been included in the Forbes list of "Top-Earning Women In Music" (201115). This musician estimated net worth as of 2016 is $125 million. This musician is one of the best-selling musical artists of all time, having sold 100 million records globally throughout her career. In film, this musician released an autobiographical documentary titled  this musician: Part of Me in 2012, and voiced Smurfette in the 2011 film The Smurfs andits sequel in 2013.Of course , this musician is _Cthis musician is an American rapper, songwriter, record producer, and actor from Detroit, Michigan. In addition to this musicians solo career, this musician is a member of D12, and with Royce da 5'9" is one half of the hip-hop duo Bad Meets Evil. this musician is the best-selling artist of the 2000s in the United States. Rolling Stone ranked this musician 83rd on its list of 100 Greatest Artists of All Time, calling this musician the King of Hip Hop. Including this musician s work with D12 and Bad Meets Evil, this musician has had ten number-one albums on the Billboard 200. this musician has sold more than 172 million albums, making this musician one of the world's best-selling artists. As of June 2014, this musician is the second-bestselling male artist of the Nielsen SoundScan era, the sixth-bestselling artist in the United States and the bestselling hip-hop artist, with sales of 45.1 million albums and 42 million tracks (including 31 million digital single certifications).After his debut album Infinite (1996), this musician achieved mainstream popularity in 1999 with his The Slim Shady LP, which earned him his first Grammy Award for Best Rap Album. His next two releases, 2000's The Marshall Mathers LP and 2002'sThe this musician Show, were worldwide successes, with each being certified diamond in U.S. sales and both winning Best Rap Album Grammy Awards (making this musician the first artist to win the award for three consecutive LPs). They were followed byEncore in 2004, another critical and commercial success. this musician went on hiatus after touring in 2005, releasing Relapsein 2009 and Recovery in 2010. Both won Grammy Awards and Recovery was the best-selling album of 2010 worldwide, the second time he had the international best-selling album of the year (after The this musician Show). this musician's eighth album, 2013's The Marshall Mathers LP 2, won two Grammy Awards, including Best Rap Album; it expanded his record for the most wins in that category and his Grammy total to 15. this musician has developed other ventures, including Shady Records with manager Paul Rosenberg. He has his own channel, Shade 45, on Sirius XM Radio. In November 2002, this musician starred in the hip hop film 8 Mile. He won the Academy Award for Best Original Song for "Lose Yourself", the first rap artist to win the award.3  this musician has made cameo appearances in the films The Wash (2001), Funny People (2009), The Interview (2014) and the television series Entourage (2010).Of course , this musician is _D this musician was an American singer, songwriter, record producer, dancer, and actor. Called the King of Pop, his contributions to music, dance and fashion along with his publicized personal life made him a global figure in popular culture for over four decades.The eighth child of this musician s family, this musician made his professional debut in 1964 with his elder brothers, and began his solo career in 1971. In the early 1980s, this musician became a dominant figure in popular music. His music videos, including those of "Beat It", "Billie Jean", and "Thriller" are credited with breaking racial barriers and transforming the medium into an art form and promotional tool. this musician 's 1987 album Bad became the first album to have five number-one singles on the Billboard Hot 100. Throughout the 1990s, He continued to innovate with videos, and forged a reputation as a touring solo artist. Through stage and video performances, this musician popularized a number of complicated dance techniques, such as the robot and the moonwalk, to which he gave the name. His distinctive sound and style has influenced numerous artists of various music genres. Several albums of this musician rank among the world's best-selling albums, and he is recognized as the Most Successful Entertainer of All Time by Guinness World Records. this musician is one of the few artists to have been inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame twice, and was also inducted into the Songwriters Hall of Fame and the Dance Hall of Fame as the only dancer from pop and rock music. H