高中英语非谓语动词的三种形式及基本用法课件ppt.ppt

非谓语动词非谓语动词的概述的概述 时态时态Step3Step3：不定式的用法不定式的用法小结小结练习巩固练习巩固Step Step 2 2 不定式的不定式的时态和语态时态和语态非谓语动词（非限定动词）非谓语动词（非限定动词）二二.非限定动词具有动词的特征非限定动词具有动词的特征.可以有自可以有自己的宾语、状语。有语态和时态的变化。己的宾语、状语。有语态和时态的变化。另外还有一些非动词的特征，相当于名词、另外还有一些非动词的特征，相当于名词、形容词等，在句子里可以作这些词类所能用形容词等，在句子里可以作这些词类所能用作的句子成分作的句子成分。一一.非限定动词在句中不能单独作谓非限定动词在句中不能单独作谓语动词。不受主语的人称和数的限制语动词。不受主语的人称和数的限制。非谓语动词分词分词不定式不定式-ing形式形式分词分现在分词和过去分分词分现在分词和过去分词两类，具有形容词和副词两类，具有形容词和副词的语法功能，在句子中词的语法功能，在句子中可以充当表语、定语、状可以充当表语、定语、状语和宾语补足语语和宾语补足语动名词动名词.动名词在书写形式上同现在分词相同，但语法概念动名词在书写形式上同现在分词相同，但语法概念和语法功能各异。动名词具有名词的语法作用，在句子中和语法功能各异。动名词具有名词的语法作用，在句子中主要充当主语和宾语。主要充当主语和宾语。todo（基本形）（基本形）nottodotobedonetobedoingtohavedonetohavebeendoneStep 1Step 1 不定式的形式不定式的形式Step 2Step 2(1)(1)不定式的一般形式所表示的动作，通常与谓语的不定式的一般形式所表示的动作，通常与谓语的动作（状态）动作（状态）同时发生同时发生.Eg.They invited us to go there this summer.(2)(2)如果谓语表示的动作（情况）发生时，不定式表示如果谓语表示的动作（情况）发生时，不定式表示的动作的动作正在进行正在进行，这时不定式就要用，这时不定式就要用进行式。进行式。Eg.They seemed to be talking about something secret.(3)(3)如果不定式的动作发生在谓语动词如果不定式的动作发生在谓语动词之前之前，就要用，就要用完完成式。成式。Eg.Im sorry to have done that.不定式的时态和语态不定式的时态和语态Im very delighted to be invited to Marys birthday party.Im pleased to have been given this chance.如果不定式的逻辑主语是如果不定式的逻辑主语是不定式所表示的动作的承不定式所表示的动作的承受者，不定式要用受者，不定式要用被动形被动形式式.Step 3 Step 3 不定式的用法不定式的用法(1)作主语eg.1)Itisrighttogiveupsmoking.2)Ithinkitwouldbeagoodideatohavecommentsfromsecretariesandtypistswhoarealreadyusingit.不定式短语作主语时，用不定式短语作主语时，用it 作形式主语作形式主语，真正的主语后置。，真正的主语后置。(2)作宾语 不定式短语可以作宾语不定式短语可以作宾语，以以上上动词后，跟不定式作宾语动词后，跟不定式作宾语eg.Wehavedecidedtogivethemahand.agree,decide,expect,fail,help,hope,manage,offer,plan,prepare,pretend,promise,refuse,wish(构成构成V.+to doV.+to do的形式的形式)I find it interesting to work with him.如果还带有宾语补足语，往往把不定式宾语放在宾语补如果还带有宾语补足语，往往把不定式宾语放在宾语补足语之后，而用足语之后，而用it 作形式宾语。类似的动词还有作形式宾语。类似的动词还有()等等(构成构成主语主语+V.+it+宾补宾补+todosth.的形式的形式)feel,think,consider,make,believe动名词动名词作宾语时作宾语时,在意义上比较在意义上比较一般和抽象一般和抽象,时时间观念不强间观念不强,不指某一次动作。动词不定式作不指某一次动作。动词不定式作宾语常表示宾语常表示某个具体动作。某个具体动作。Helikesswimming,buthedoesntliketoswimtoday.只能跟只能跟todo的动词的动词want、wish、hope、expect、decide、agree、manage、promise、pretend与动名词做宾语比较与动名词做宾语比较只能跟动名词的动词只能跟动名词的动词enjoy、finish、mind、miss、avoid、risk、suggest、escape、practise、insiston、giveup二者皆可无区别二者皆可无区别begin、start、like、hate、prefer、continue、intend二者皆可但有区别二者皆可但有区别stop、remember、forget、try、regret、meaneg.1Letshaveabreak.Notnow.Idontwanttostop_yet.A.studyB.tostudyC.forstudyingD.studying2.Thelittletimewehavetogetherwetry_wisely.A.spendingitB.tospenditC.tospendD.spendingthat3.LittleTomshouldlove_tothetheatrethisevening.A.tobetakenB.totakeC.beingtakenD.taken(3)(3)作宾语补足语作宾语补足语eg.Whattheteachersaidencouragedustotryourbestatourwork.在在feel,hear,listen to,look at,notice,observe,see,watch,have,let,make 等词后的补足语中，不定式不带等词后的补足语中，不定式不带to。但。但 是这些句子如果变成被动结构时，就必须带是这些句子如果变成被动结构时，就必须带to。Eg.Ioftenhearhimsingthesong.Heisoftenheardtosingthesong.注意 allow,ask,advise,encourage,expect,forbid,force,get,wouldlike,order,permit,persuade,teach,tell,want,warn,wish(构成构成“V.+Sb.+to do”“V.+Sb.+to do”的形式的形式)不定式动词在介词不定式动词在介词but,except,besides 后面时，如果这些介后面时，如果这些介词之前有行为动词词之前有行为动词do 的各种形式，那么，这些介词后的不定的各种形式，那么，这些介词后的不定式不带式不带to,否则要带否则要带to。Eg.1)Shecoulddonothingbutcry.2)Ihavenochoicebuttogo.注意(4)作表语 Eg.Ithasbeenprovedthatthewaytoproducethemostfoodistoletfarmersgrowcropseithertofeedtheirfamilyortosell.(5)作定语 Eg.IwasthefirstwomantotravelaloneattheNorthpole.作定语的不定式如果是作定语的不定式如果是不及物动词不及物动词，不定式后面须有相，不定式后面须有相应的应的介词介词。Eg.Heislookingforaroomtolivein.Thereisnothingtoworryabout.Pleasegivemeaknifetocutwith.注意（6）作状语作状语Hespokeloudly(soas/inorder)tobeheard.Theyjumpedwithjoytohearthenews.Imtootiredtowalkanyfurthertonight.目的状语目的状语.原因状语原因状语.结果状语结果状语动词不定式省略动词不定式省略to 的情况归纳的情况归纳*1 当动词不定式作宾语补足语时，如动词是当动词不定式作宾语补足语时，如动词是 make,let,have 或或 look at,see,watch,observe,hear,listen to,feel、等，不定式不带、等，不定式不带to.*2.在下列结构后在下列结构后 had better,would rather,would ratherthan,cannot but（不得不（不得不，必然，不能不），必然，不能不）,cant help but 等等*3.why not 表建议表建议*4.在介词在介词 but,except 之后，如果其前有实义动词之后，如果其前有实义动词do 的某种形式，不定式不带的某种形式，不定式不带to,反之须带反之须带to.1.Therearefivepairs_,butImatalosswhichtobuy.A.tobechosenB.tochoosefromC.tochooseD.forchoosing巩固练习巩固练习2.CharlesBabbageisgenerallyconsidered_thefirstcomputer.A.toinventB.inventingC.tohaveinventedD.havinginvented 4.Thedirectorhadherassistant_somehotdogsforthemeeting.A.pickedupB.picksupC.pickupD.pickingup5.Ilikegettingupveryearlyinsummer.Themorningairissogood_.A.tobebreathedB.tobreatheC.breathingD.beingbreathed 6.-Didthebookgivetheinformationyouneeded?-Yes.But_it,Ihadtoreadtheentirebook.A.tofindB.findC.tofindingD.finding 7.Ifeelgreatlyhonored_intotheirsociety.A.towelcomeB.welcomingC.tobewelcomedD.welcomed8.Ifthereisalotofwork_,Iamhappytojusttokeeponuntilitisfinished.A.todoB.tobedoingC.doneD.doing语态时态主动语态被动语态一般时to do to be done进行时to be doing无完成时 to have done to have been done 小小 结结1.The light in the office is still on.-Oh,I forgot .A.turning it off B.turn it off C.having turned it off D.to turn it off2.She cant help _ the house because shes busy making a cake.A.to clean B.cleaning C.Cleaned D.being c leaned3.Not everybody has the ability in public.A.of speak B.speaking C.spoken D.to speak练习练习4.Mary is always the first student4.Mary is always the first student to answer the to answer the teachers questions in class.teachers questions in class.A.rising B.to rise A.rising B.to rise C.rose D.risenC.rose D.risen5.Mum,why do you always ask me to eat an egg 5.Mum,why do you always ask me to eat an egg every day?every day?-_ _enough protein and nutrition as you are enough protein and nutrition as you are growing up.growing up.A.Get B.Getting C.To get D.To be A.Get B.Getting C.To get D.To be gettinggetting6.Would you be so kind6.Would you be so kind us out?-With us out?-With pleasure.pleasure.A.helping B.in helping C.help D.as to helpA.helping B.in helping C.help D.as to help7.Wet umbrellas are not allowedWet umbrellas are not allowed into this hotel into this hotel according to the rule.according to the rule.A.to be taken B.to take C.taken D.taking A.to be taken B.to take C.taken D.taking 8.Robert is said _ abroad,but I didnt know what country he studied in.8.Robert is said _ abroad,but I didnt know what country he studied in.A to have studied B to study A to have studied B to study C to be studying D to have been studying C to be studying D to have been studying9.In Australia he made a lot of friends9.In Australia he made a lot of friends _ _a very a very practical knowledge of English.practical knowledge of English.A.A.get B.getting C.to get D.got get B.getting C.to get D.got10.The patient was warmed _ oily food after 10.The patient was warmed _ oily food after the operation.the operation.A.to eat not B.eating not A.to eat not B.eating not C.not to eat D.not eatingC.not to eat D.not eating11.We agreed _ here,but so far she hasnt turned 11.We agreed _ here,but so far she hasnt turned out yet.out yet.A.having met B.meeting A.having met B.meeting C.to meet D.to have met C.to meet D.to have met12.Paul doesnt have to be made _.He 12.Paul doesnt have to be made _.He always works hard.always works hard.A.learn B.to learn A.learn B.to learn C.learned D.learningC.learned D.learning