弗朗西斯--培根英文赏析ppt课件.ppt

火灾袭来时要迅速疏散逃生，不可蜂拥而出或留恋财物，要当机立断，披上浸湿的衣服或裹上湿毛毯、湿被褥勇敢地冲出去Francis Bacon(1561-1626)(弗朗西斯弗朗西斯 培根培根)Birth:January 22,1561(York House,London)Death:April 9,1626(High gate)火灾袭来时要迅速疏散逃生，不可蜂拥而出或留恋财物，要当机立断，披上浸湿的衣服或裹上湿毛毯、湿被褥勇敢地冲出去FrancisBacon火灾袭来时要迅速疏散逃生，不可蜂拥而出或留恋财物，要当机立断，披上浸湿的衣服或裹上湿毛毯、湿被褥勇敢地冲出去1.The wisest,brightest,and meanest of mankind.3.The guiding spirit in Colonization Schemes(开拓殖民地开拓殖民地策划策划)in 1610.2.The most powerful mind of modern times.Compliment火灾袭来时要迅速疏散逃生，不可蜂拥而出或留恋财物，要当机立断，披上浸湿的衣服或裹上湿毛毯、湿被褥勇敢地冲出去Cambridge trinity college(1573)火灾袭来时要迅速疏散逃生，不可蜂拥而出或留恋财物，要当机立断，披上浸湿的衣服或裹上湿毛毯、湿被褥勇敢地冲出去introductionFrancis BaconFrancis Bacon（1561156116261626）was the founder of was the founder of English materialist philosophyEnglish materialist philosophy（唯物主义哲学）。（唯物主义哲学）。He was born into the family of Sir Nicholas BaconHe was born into the family of Sir Nicholas Bacon，keeper of the Privy Seal keeper of the Privy Seal（御玺）（御玺）to Queen to Queen Elizabeth.The boy early won the favor of the Elizabeth.The boy early won the favor of the Queen.He went to Cambridge at twelve and after Queen.He went to Cambridge at twelve and after graduating at sixteengraduating at sixteen，took up law.He soon took up law.He soon became one of the most successful lawyers of the became one of the most successful lawyers of the time.At twenty-three he became a member of the time.At twenty-three he became a member of the House of CommonsHouse of Commons（下议院）（下议院）and his judgment and and his judgment and eloquenceeloquence（口才）（口才）made him famous.When James I made him famous.When James I came to Englandcame to England，Bacon obtained one important Bacon obtained one important office after another until he became lord office after another until he became lord ChancellorChancellor（大法官）（大法官）and was made a peer and was made a peer（noblemannobleman）in 1618.He was an admirable judge in 1618.He was an admirable judge，but in the course of rising he had made enemies but in the course of rising he had made enemies who charged him with bribery who charged him with bribery（受贿）。（受贿）。He was He was convicted convicted（判罪）（判罪）deprived deprived（免去）（免去）of his office of his office，fined and banished fined and banished（流放）（流放）from London in from London in 1621.Five years later1621.Five years later，he died in disgrace he died in disgrace（耻（耻辱）。辱）。火灾袭来时要迅速疏散逃生，不可蜂拥而出或留恋财物，要当机立断，披上浸湿的衣服或裹上湿毛毯、湿被褥勇敢地冲出去Career1587:Be elected to Parliament1618：Became lord High Chancellor1620：Won the titles of Baron Verulam and Viscount St Albans 1621：Be charged with bribery and betrayal(出卖出卖)of justice火灾袭来时要迅速疏散逃生，不可蜂拥而出或留恋财物，要当机立断，披上浸湿的衣服或裹上湿毛毯、湿被褥勇敢地冲出去The list of worksLiterary works:Essays 论说文集论说文集(1597-1625)-Includes Adversity,Anger,Athiesm,Boldness,Cunning,Death,Discourse,Dissimulation and Simulation,Empire,Envy,Goodness,Great Place,Honor and Reputation,Love,Nobility,Revenge,Seeming Wise,Superstition,Truth,Unity in Religion,Vicissitude of Things,and Wisdom for a Mans Self.The philosophical works:Advancement of Learning学术的推进学术的推进(1605)Novum Organum 新工具论新工具论（1620）New Atlantis 新大西岛新大西岛(1624-1626)Maxims of the Law and Reading on the Statute of Uses火灾袭来时要迅速疏散逃生，不可蜂拥而出或留恋财物，要当机立断，披上浸湿的衣服或裹上湿毛毯、湿被褥勇敢地冲出去Major WorksThe History of the Reign of King Henry the Seventh(亨利七世本纪)and The History of the Reign of King Henry the Eighth(亨利八世本纪).De Augmentis Scientiarum（论学术的进展）The New Atlantis（新西特兰提斯岛）The final 1625 edition of his Essayes（论说随笔文集）.火灾袭来时要迅速疏散逃生，不可蜂拥而出或留恋财物，要当机立断，披上浸湿的衣服或裹上湿毛毯、湿被褥勇敢地冲出去Essay:A DefinitionIt is a relatively short literary composition in prose,in which a writer discusses a topic,usually restricted in scope,or tries to persuade the reader to accept a particular point of view.the term essay was first applied to the form in 1580 by Montaigne,one of the greatest essayists of all time,to his pieces on friendship,love,death,and morality.In England the term was inaugurated（开始）in 1597 by Francis Bacon,who wrote shrewd（机灵的）meditations（沉思录）on civil and moral wisdom.火灾袭来时要迅速疏散逃生，不可蜂拥而出或留恋财物，要当机立断，披上浸湿的衣服或裹上湿毛毯、湿被褥勇敢地冲出去Bacons EssaysHisEssaysisthefirstexampleofthatgenreinEnglishliterature,whichhasbeenrecognizedasanimportantlandmarkinthedevelopmentofEnglishprose.Baconsessaysarefamousfortheirbrevity,compactnessandpowerfulness.Andtheneatness,thepreciseness,thegravity,andtheweightinessaretheessentialqualitiesofhiswritings.Balanceandoppositionarethemostcommonstrategiesheusestoachieveboththeappearanceofbalanceandtheconcealment（隐藏）ofhisownopinionsunderthecloak（掩饰）oftheopposingalternatives.火灾袭来时要迅速疏散逃生，不可蜂拥而出或留恋财物，要当机立断，披上浸湿的衣服或裹上湿毛毯、湿被褥勇敢地冲出去Features of Bacons essays1.The language is very neat,pretty and weighty.2.The sentences are very short.Bacon also likes to use more co-ordinate conjunctions than the subordinated ones,such as“as,since,because”.3.Parallelism（并行论）（并行论）,epigrams(警句警句),metaphor（隐喻）（隐喻）and simile4.Bacons essays are famous for their brevity（简洁）（简洁）,compactness（紧密）（紧密）and powerfulness.火灾袭来时要迅速疏散逃生，不可蜂拥而出或留恋财物，要当机立断，披上浸湿的衣服或裹上湿毛毯、湿被褥勇敢地冲出去Mottos by Bacon1.Beautyisassummerfruits,whichareeasytocorrupt,andcannotlast;andforthemostpartitmakesadissoluteyouth,andanagealittleoutofcountenance.美犹如盛夏的水果，是容易腐烂而难保持美犹如盛夏的水果，是容易腐烂而难保持的，世上有许多美人，她们有过放荡的青的，世上有许多美人，她们有过放荡的青春，却迎受着愧悔的晚年。春，却迎受着愧悔的晚年。2.Itisimpossibletoloveandbewise.要恋爱而又要理智是不可能的。要恋爱而又要理智是不可能的。火灾袭来时要迅速疏散逃生，不可蜂拥而出或留恋财物，要当机立断，披上浸湿的衣服或裹上湿毛毯、湿被褥勇敢地冲出去Mottos by Bacon3.Thereisnomanthatimparthisjoystohisfriends,butthathejoysthemore;andnomanthatimparthisgriefstohisfriends,buthegriefstheless.与友分享欢乐者与友分享欢乐者,无不欢乐倍增无不欢乐倍增;与友分担哀伤者与友分担哀伤者,无不哀伤减半无不哀伤减半4.Historiesmakemenwise;poetswitty;themathematicssubtitle;naturalphilosophydeep;moralgrave;logicandrhetoricabletocontend.读史使人明智，读诗使人灵秀，数学使人周密，读史使人明智，读诗使人灵秀，数学使人周密，科学使人深刻，伦理学使人庄重，逻辑修科学使人深刻，伦理学使人庄重，逻辑修辞之学使人善辩：凡有所学，皆成性格辞之学使人善辩：凡有所学，皆成性格火灾袭来时要迅速疏散逃生，不可蜂拥而出或留恋财物，要当机立断，披上浸湿的衣服或裹上湿毛毯、湿被褥勇敢地冲出去Mottos by Bacon5.Wives are young mens mistresses,companions for middle age,and old mens nurses.妻子是年轻时的情人，中年时的伴侣，老妻子是年轻时的情人，中年时的伴侣，老年时的陪护。年时的陪护。6.Live to learn,not learn to live.活着就要学习，学习不是为了活着。火灾袭来时要迅速疏散逃生，不可蜂拥而出或留恋财物，要当机立断，披上浸湿的衣服或裹上湿毛毯、湿被褥勇敢地冲出去3.Always writing down the simply 3.Always writing down the simply thing that interested himself.thing that interested himself.Style of writing:1.Mainly preaching1.Mainly preaching（告诫）（告诫）a a reorientationreorientation（重定方向）（重定方向）to learning,to learning,providing a new direction,providing a new direction,organization and method for the organization and method for the business of acquiring knowledge business of acquiring knowledge about the world.about the world.2.Tending to express an abstract 2.Tending to express an abstract idea in the commonest,objects of idea in the commonest,objects of the sight and experience.the sight and experience.火灾袭来时要迅速疏散逃生，不可蜂拥而出或留恋财物，要当机立断，披上浸湿的衣服或裹上湿毛毯、湿被褥勇敢地冲出去1.Francis Bacon was an English philosopher,scientist,statesman,lawyer,jurist and author.2.Through his works,he had great effects in politics,especially in the field of philosophy and scientific revolution.3.Also having effects on a variety of religious and spiritual authors.Influence:Influence:火灾袭来时要迅速疏散逃生，不可蜂拥而出或留恋财物，要当机立断，披上浸湿的衣服或裹上湿毛毯、湿被褥勇敢地冲出去Bacons Importance to Literature1st,hewasthefirstEnglishwritertopayattentiontotheaudiencetowhomhewaswriting.2nd,hewrotethegreatesttractsoneducationintheEnglishlanguage,Advancement of Learning.3rd,heandNewtonrepresenttheadvancementofscienceduringthe17thcentury.Infact,Bacondevisedtheinductivemethodofdoingresearch.4th,heintroducedtheessayasaliteraryintotheEnglishlanguage.火灾袭来时要迅速疏散逃生，不可蜂拥而出或留恋财物，要当机立断，披上浸湿的衣服或裹上湿毛毯、湿被褥勇敢地冲出去