2022年高三上学期期中模拟预测卷（北京卷）02-英语（解析版）.docx

2022年高三上学期期中模拟预测卷02【北京卷】英语（考试时间：90分钟 试卷满分：100分）注意事项：1、本试卷共11页，共100分。考试时长90分钟。2、考生务必在答题卡指定区域作答，在试卷上作答无效。3、考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。第一部分知识运用（共两节，30分）第一节（共10小题；每小题1.5分,共15分）阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项, 并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。Earth Day BirthdayApriFs parents are environmentalists. And because April happened to be born on Earth Day, all her birthday 1 had an Earth Day theme.On her eighth birthday, there was a “Throw-Out Blowout11. She and her friends had a garage sale and 2 the money to charity. When she turned nine, it was a “Tree Spree”they planted trees.“This year I want a 3 birthday party/* April told her friend Bailey as they walked home from school. Then after dinner, April told her parents she would like to 4 her own party this year. They suggested a “Print SprintH and collecting newspapers to recycle. But April insisted on going to Maze Craze （疯狂迷宫）instead. Her parents agreed finally.April couldn't 5 for her birthday! She and her friends would have great fun. No shovels（铁 锹）.No collecting recyclables. They wouldn*t have to think one bit about the 6On that day, April and her friends gathered in the parking lot outside Maze Craze.They 7 plastic bottles, snack boxes and waste paper everywhere on the ground. "Even though I want a non-Earth Day birthday, I couldn't have 8 knowing this mess out here." April frowned （皱眉）.For all that, the march of the robots will bring big changes to workplaces, too. One supposed example of “bad automation is self-service checkouts in supermarkets, because they displace human workers. But robots could perform unpleasant work. Checkout staff who retrain to help customers pick items from aisles （传送带）may find that dealing with people in need is more rewarding than spending all day swiping barcodes in front of lasers. In addition, as jobs change, workers should be helped to acquire new skills, including how to work with and manage the robots that will increasingly be their colleagues.The potential gains from the robot revolution are huge. In Capek's play, the robots revolt（反 抗）against their human masters and cause mass unemployment and worse. However, the beginnings of the world's real robots have not matched Capek's assumption. So there is no need to concern about their future.24 . The author mentions the two researches in paragraph 4 toB , introduce an approachD. highlight an experimentB , introduce an approachD. highlight an experimentA. prove an argumentC. present an assumption25 . What can we infer from the passage?A. New skills will be acquired by workers with the help of robots.B The more robots are used, the greater employment it can bring.C. Robots will betray their human masters and cause worse problems.D. Checkout staff in supermarkets may be happier to do with people in need.26. Towards wide spread of robots, the author is.A. approvedB. neutral27. What's the best title of the passage?A. Future Risk: Jobs Being AutomatedC Workplace Automation: Rise of Robots【答案】24. A 25. D 26. A 27. CC. opposedD. doubtfulB Robot Revolution: Causes of ChangesD. Robotization: Solution to Unemployment【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章讲述了机器人进入日常生活后给人们带来的便利以及由此人们 出现的担忧。24 .推理判断题。根据第四段“Infact, concerns about mass unemployment are overblown. The evidence suggests robots will be ultimately beneficial for labor markets. Japan and South Korea have the highest robot usage rate but very strong workforces.（事实上，对大规模失业的担忧被夸大了。有 证据表明，机器人最终将有利于劳动力市场。日本和韩国的机器人使用率最高，但劳动力非常强 大。）”可知，作者在第四段段首首先提出自己的观点，然后紧接着用耶鲁大学和韩国银行研究 人员提供的数据支持了这一观点。故选A。25 .推理判断题。根据倒数第二段"One supposed example of "bad automation55 is self-service checkouts in supermarkets, because they displace human workers. But robots could perform unpleasant work. Checkout staff who retrain to help customers pick items from aisles（传送带）may find that dealing with people in need is more rewarding than spending all day swiping barcodes in front of lasers.（超市 的自助结账是一个糟糕的自动化的例子，因为它们取代了人力。但是机器人可能会做出做令人不 快的表现。收银员人员经过再培训，帮助客户从传送带拿取商品，他们发现帮助需要帮助的人比 只是单纯的在扫描仪扫码结账更能感觉到自己的努力有所回报）''可知，收银人员更愿意与人打 交道，更愿意帮助人。故选D。26 .推理判断题。根据第二段第一句"They could not be coming at a better time.（他们来得正是时 候。）”,fact, concerns about mass unemployment are overblown.（事实上，对大规模失业的担忧被夸大了。）”以及最后一段“The potential gains from the robot revolution are huge.（机器 人革命带来的潜在收益是巨大的。）”可知，机器人进入生活以来，对于失业率的影响被夸大了， 实际上给人类带来的收益的是巨大的，所以作者对机器人的大规模使用是认可的。故选A。27 .主旨大意题。根据第一段中“however. Robots are leaving carefully managed industrial settings for everyday life and, in the coming years, will increasingly work in supermarkets, clinics, social care and much more.（然而机器人正在离开精心管理的工业环境，进入日常生活。在未来几年，机器人将 越来越多地在超市、诊所、社会护理等领域工作。）”和最后一段“The potential gains from the robot revolution are huge. In Capek's play, the robots revolt（反抗）against their human masters and cause mass unemployment and worse. However, the beginnings of the world's real robots have not matched Capek's assumption. So there is no need to concern about their future.（机器人革命带来的潜在收益是 巨大的。恰佩克的假设中，机器人对抗人类并导致大规模失业。然而，世界上真正的机器人的诞生并不符合恰佩克的假设。所以没有必要担心他们的未来）''可知，本文主要讲述机器人在日常 生活中的使用变多。故选C。CIn June 2014, Huffington Post and Mail Online reported that three-year-old Victoria Wilcher, who had suffered facial scarring, had been kicked out of a KFC because she was frightening customers. Later, KFC announced that no evidence had been found to support the story. This phenomenon is largely a product of the increasing pressure in newsrooms that care more about traffic figures.Brooke Binkowski, an editor, says that, during her career, she has seen a shift towards less editorial oversight in newsrooms. "Clickbait is king, so newsrooms will uncritically print something unreal. Not all newsrooms are like this, but a lot of them are.”Asked what the driving factor was, a journalist said, “You've an editor breathing down your neck and you have to meet your targets. And there are some young journalists on the market who are inexperienced and who will not do those checks. So much news that is reported online happens online. There is no need to get out and knock on someone9s door. You just sit at your desk and do it.”Another journalist says, “There is definitely pressure to churn out （粗制滥造）stories in order to get clicks, because they equal money. At my former employer in particular, the pressure was on due to the limited resources. That made the environment quite horrible to work in.”In a February 2015 report for Digital Journalism, Craig Silverman wrote, "Today the bar fbr what is worth giving attention to seems to be much lower. Within minutes or hours, a badly sourced report can be changed into a story that is repeated by dozens of news websites, resulting in tens of thousands of shares. Once a certain critical mass is reached, repetition has a powerful effect on belief. Ths nimor（传 I闻）becomes true for readeis simply by virtue of its ubiquity.”And, despite the direction that some newsrooms seem to be heading in, a critical eye is becoming more, not less important, according to the New York Times' public editor, Margaret Sullivan. "Reporters and editors have to be more careful than ever before. Ifs extremely important to question and to use every verification（验证）method available before publication. Yet those working in newsrooms talk of doubtful stories being tolerated because, in the words of some senior editors, "a click is a click,regardless of the advantage of a story”. And, “if the story does turn out to be false, it's simply a chance fbr another bite at the cherry.99Verification and fact-checking are regularly falling victim to the pressure to bring in the numbers, and if the only result of being caught out is another chance to bring in the clicks, that looks unlikely to change.28 . According to Brooke Binkowski, newsrooms produce false news because.A. resources are limitedB clicks matter a lotC. budgets are inadequateD. journalists lack experience. Whafs Margaret Sullivan's attitude towards folse news online?A. Supportive. B. Negative.30. What is the passage mainly about?A. Consequences of false stories.C. Incompetence of journalists.【答案】28. B 29. B 30. DC. Sceptical.D. Neutral.B A craze to get clicks.D. Causes of online false news.【分析】这是一篇议论文。文章主要讨论了网络虚假新闻存在的主要原因。28 .推理判断题。根据文章第二段“Brooke Binkowski, an editor, says that, during her career, she has seen a shift towards less editorial oversight in newsrooms. "Clickbait is king, so newsrooms will uncritically print something unreal.(编辑布鲁克宾考斯基(Brooke Binkowski)说，在她的职业生涯 中，她看到编辑部的编辑监督越来越少。点击诱饵'是王者，所以新闻编辑室会不加批判地刊登 一些不真实的东西)”可知，根据布鲁克宾考斯基的说法，新闻编辑室之所以制造假新闻，是因 为点击量非常重要。故选B。29 .推理判断题。根据文章倒数第二段“according to the New York Times' public editor, Margaret Sullivan. "Reporters and editors have to be more careful than ever before. It's extremely important to question and to use every verification(iE) method available before publication.(纽约时报 公共 编辑玛格丽特沙利文表示，记者和编辑必须比以往任何时候都更加小心。在出版前质疑并使用所 有可用的验证方法是极其重要的)”可知，Margaret Sullivan认为记者和编辑应该严谨，在出版前 要认真核实确保其真实性。由此可知，Margaret Sullivan对虚假新闻是反对的。故选B。30 .主旨大意题。根据文章第一段“In June 2014, Huffington Post and Mail Online reported that three-year-old Victoria Wilcher, who had suffered facial scarring, had been kicked out of a KFC because she was frightening customers. Later, KFC announced that no evidence had been found to support the story. This phenomenon is largely a product of the increasing pressure in newsrooms that care more about traffic figures. （2014年6月，赫芬顿邮报和邮报在线报道称，三岁的维多利亚威 尔彻面部有疤痕，被一家肯德基赶了出来，因为她恐吓顾客。之后，肯德基宣布没有发现支持这 一说法的证据。这种现象很大程度上是新闻编辑部压力增大的产物，他们更关心流量数据）”可 知，文章开头通过一个例子说明了网络虚假新闻的存在，然后通过多人观点说明其出现的原因。 故选DoDThe US scientists who created the first living robots say the life forms, known as xenobots, can now reproduce一and in a way not seen in plants and animals. Xenobots are formed from the stem cells of the African clawed frog （Xenopus laevis）, from which it takes its name.“Frogs have a way of reproducing that they normally use, but when you liberate the stem cells from the embryo（胚月台）and you give them a chance to figure out how to be in a new environment, not only do they figure out a new way to move, but they also figure out apparently a new way to reproduce,” said Michael Levin, a professor of biology at Tufts University, who was co-lead author of the new research.Stem cells are unspecialized cells that have the ability to develop into different cell types. To make the xenobots, the researchers removed living stem cells from frog embryos and left them to develop.“Most people think of robots as being made of metal, but it's not so much what a robot is made from but what it does, which is act on its own on behalf of people J said Josh Bongard, a computer science professor and robotics expert at the University of Vermont and lead author of the study. "In that way, it's a robot, but it's also clearly an organism made from frog cells.”The researchers found that the xenobots could replicate（自我复制）.But it happened rarely and only in specific circumstances. The xenobots used “kinetic replication一a process that is known to occur at the molecular（分子）level.With the help of artificial intelligence, the researchers then tested billions of body shapes to make the xenobots more effective at this type of replication. The supercomputer came up with a C-shape that looked like Pac-Man, the 1980s video game. They found it was able to find tiny stem cells, gather hundreds of them inside its mouth, and a few days later the pack of cells became new xenobots.“The AI didn't program these machines in the way we usually think about writing code. It shaped and sculpted and came up with this Pac-Man shape J Bongard said. “The shape is, in essence, the program. The shape influences how the xenobots behave to speed up this incredibly surprising process.”The xenobots are very early technology think of a 1940s computer-and don't yet have any practical applications. However, this combination of molecular biology and artificial intelligence could potentially be used in many tasks in the body and the environment. This may include things like collecting microplastics in the oceans, inspecting root systems and regenerative medicine. "There are many things that are possible if we take advantage of this kind of plasticity and ability of cells to solve problems J Bongard said.31 . According to Josh Bongard, a robot should be defined in terms of.A. its function B. its reliability C. its appearance D. its material 32. What can we learn about xenobots from the passage?A. Xenobots have copied stem cells using computer programs.B Specialized cells play a key role in the replication of xenobots.C. AI makes it possible for xenobots to replicate more effectively.D. The shape of xenobots was inspired from a video game in the 1980s.33. What is the author's attitude towards future applications of xenobots?A. Disapproving. B. Optimistic. C. Unconcerned. D. Objective.34. Which of the following would be the best title for the passage?A. Where does the unnatural replication process lead?B Arc xenobots the future of artificial intelligence?C. The uncertain role of robot reproductionFact or fantasy? Robots can reproduce【答案】31. A 32. C 33. B 34. D【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了科学家们创造出一批可以复制的“异种机器人”，并 阐述了研究过程和发展前景。31 .细节理解题。根据第四段"Most people think of robots as being made of metal, but it's not so much what a robot is made from but what it does, which is act on its own on behalf of people,（大多数人认为 机器人是由金属制成的，但问题不在于机器人是由什么制成的，而在于它能做什么，也就是代表 人类独立行动。）”可知，根据JoshBongard的说法，机器人应该根据它的功能来定义。故选A。32 .细节理解题。根据第六段“With the help of artificial intelligence, the researchers then tested billions of body shapes to make the xenobots more effective at this type of replication.（在人工智能的帮助下, 研究人员测试了数十亿个体型，以使异种机器人在这种类型的复制上更有效。）”可知，人工智能 使异种机器人更有效地复制成为可能。故选C。33 .推理判断题。根据最后一段“There are many things that are possible if we take advantage of this kind of plasticity and ability of cells to soh 1 problems（如果我们利用细胞的这种可塑性和能力来解 决问题，就有可能实现很多事情。）”可推断，作者对异种机器人的未来应用持乐观态度。故选B。34 .主旨大意题。根据第一段“The US scientists who created the first living robots say the life forms, known as xenobots, can now reproduceand in a way not seen in plants and animals.（仓ll造出第社匕活 体机器人的美国科学家表示，这种被称为“异种机器人”的生命形式现在可以繁殖了，而且是以一 种在动植物中未见过的方式。）”及全文可知，文章主要介绍了科学家们创造出一批可以复制的“异 种机器人”，并阐述了研究过程和发展前景。所以“Fact or fantasy? Robots can reproduce（事实还是 幻想?机器人可以复制）''作为文章标题最为合适。故选D。第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，共10分）根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项 涂黑。选项中有两项为多余选项。Everyone thinks they're great listeners. But the truth is that hearing isn't necessarily listening, nor is it necessarily listening well. Listening is an art as well as a basic life skill that we are encouraged to practise and master. 35Don't interrupt36 To master the art of listening, you need to stop any good thoughts that come to mind and let the person say everything they need to say. Often times people simply need someone to talk to, not someone who will cut in and give their own thoughts and opinions.Practice active listenin