2021-2022学年山东省济南市第一中学高二上学期期中考试英语试题（解析版）.docx

2021-2022学年山东省济南市第一中学高二上学期期中考试英语试题说明：本试题分为第一卷和第二卷两局部，第一卷为第1页至第io页，共三大题，第二卷为第io页至第U页，共两大题。请将答案按要求填写在 答题纸相应位置，答在其它位置无效，考试结束后将答题卡上交。试题总分值150分，考试时间120分钟。第一卷（共95分）第一局部听力（共两节，总分值30分）第一节（共5小题；每题分，总分值分）听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最正确选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来答复有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。1. What will the man do tomorrow afternoon?A. Meet the woman.B. Attend a meeting.C. Go to the hospital.2. What does the woman need according to the man?A. A challenging job.B. A good rest.C. A new accountant.3. Where is the woman going?A. The post office.B. The cinema.C. Her sister's home.4. What is the man?A. A shop assistant.B. A tailor.C. A doctor.5. Whose birthday is it today probably?A. Sue's.B. Jim's.C. Tracy's.第二节（共15小题;每题分，总分值分）听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题,从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最正确选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题,每题5秒钟;听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。听下面一段对话，答复第6和第7两个小题。6. Why is Lucy still at home today?A. She is taking the day off.B She is waiting for the man.C. She is in no hurry for work.7. How does Lucy find taking the subway?A. Convenient.B. Cheap.C. Crowded.听下面一段对话，答复第8和第9两个小题。 细节理解题。根据第二段中的 Jurassic Park built on the idea of getting DNA from mosquitoes kept in amber. While this might seem possible at first sight, it's highly unlikely that scientists could find usable dinosaur DNA in mosquito fossils. Scientists would need a very specific sample-a female mosquito that had taken lots of dinosaur blood immediately before being trapped in amber.（从保存 在琥珀中的蚊子身上提取恐龙的DNA,电影?侏罗纪公园？是在这样的想法指导下拍摄的。 虽然乍一看这似乎是可能的，但科学家们很难在蚊子化石中找到有用的恐龙DNA。科学家 们需要一个非常特殊的样本：一只被困在琥珀中之前已经吸取大量恐龙血液的雌性蚊子）可 知，克隆恐龙的关键是获取恐龙的DNA。应选B。【14题详解】推理判断题。根据第四段中的 But if researchers did find a perfectly kept mosquito with a body full of dinosaur blood, bringing back its DNA would still be difficult.（但如果研究人员真的发现了 一 只保存完好的蚊子，它的身体充满了恐龙的血液，那么要找回恐龙的DNA仍然很困难）可 知，提取恐龙DNA几乎是不可能的事情，故作者认为克隆恐龙是没有结果的。应选B。【15题详解】主旨大意题。通读全文可知，文章以电影?侏罗纪公园？引出“克隆恐龙的话题，并论述了 克隆恐龙的可能性非常小。故标题Can Scientists Clone Dinosaurs?（科学家能克隆恐龙吗？） 与文章内容吻合。A. Why was Jurassic Park successful?（电影？侏罗纪公园？为何取得成功？） 只是文章提到的一个事实；B. Reasons for dinosaurs9 dying out（恐龙灭绝的原因）在文中没有 被提到；D. Ways of cloning dinosaurs（克隆恐龙的方式）虽在文中有提到，但是文章通过对该 方式的分析是为了得出克隆恐龙的可能性非常小。应选Co第二节（共5小题；每题分，总分值分）.根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最正确选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Be a good touristTourism can be good or bad. Yes, it brings in money for the local economy and creates lots of jobs for locals, but it may also bring some problems.16 Tourists have used paint, rocks or even keys to write on the Luxor Temple inEgypt, the Colosseum in Rome, Stonehenge in the UK, memorial stones at the bottom of Qomolangma, and many, many other places. Thousands of tourist sites are being destroyed by tourists who "love them to death，z .1 7 If you want to leave a mark on the world, do itby changing someone's life with kindness and love. Pass kindness along to future generations, not destruction.Another big problem in some places has been tourists disturbing the local people and life.18 For example, Chang Mai University in Tailand and Yonsei University in SouthKorea have great numbers of tourists visiting their campuses and walking through their libraries and other public areas, taking pictures of students and disturbing their studies. I have three words for tourists like this: please be considerate.19The number of problems from tourists is endless: walking in large groups without considering others who need to walk by, crossing roads without observing local traffic laws, and many more. The only way to solve the issue of the terrible tourist is to make sure that you not the one!20Remember, whenever you step outside your country's borders, you are representing your country to the rest of the world.A. Just think from other aspects.B. When in Rome, do as the Romans do.C. Have fun in a way that does not disturb others.D. Be the best, kindest, most polite tourist possible.E. I have three words for people like this: please stop it.F. One growing problem is tourists who want to prove that they have visited someplace.G. Some tourists wander around and take pictures of local people without asking for their permission.【答案】16 F 17. E 18. G 19.C20. D【解析】【分析】这是一篇议论文。文章指出了游客在景区的一些不文明的行为，并呼吁我们要杜绝 这些行为，尽可能成为最好、最善良、最有礼貌的游客。【16题详解】根据下文 u Tourists have used paint, rocks or even keys to write on the Luxor Temple in Egypt, the Colosseum in Rome, Stonehenge in the UK, memorial stones at the bottom of Qomolangma, and many, many other places/,游客们在埃及卢克索神庙、罗马竞技场、英国巨石阵、珠穆朗 玛峰底部的纪念石以及许多其他地方用颜料、石头甚至钥匙刻字。）可知，这段主要讲的是 游客给景区造成的问题。F 项 One growing problem is tourists who want to prove that they have visited someplace.（一个日益严重的问题是游客们想证明他们去过某个地方。）能够引起下文， 正是因为想证明去过这些地方，才在上面刻字，应选F。【17题详解】根据下文 “If you want to leave a mark on the world, do it by changing someone's life with kindness and love. Pass kindness along to future generations, not destruction.” 如果你想在这个 世界上留下印记，那就用善良和爱去改变别人的生活。把仁慈传给后代，而不是消灭。）可 知，这里作者对游客刻字的行为表示否认，认为应该停止这种行为。E项Ihave three words for people like this: please stop it.我对这样的人想说三个字：请停止。）能够引起下文，表达了 作者对游客在景点刻字的行为的否认态度，应选E。【18题详解】根据下文 “Chang Mai University in Tailand and Yonsei University in South Korea have great numbers of tourists visiting their campuses and walking through their libraries and other public areas, taking pictures of students and disturbing their studies/,泰国清迈大学和韩国延世大学 有大量游客参观他们的校园，穿过他们的图书馆和其他公共区域，给学生拍照，扰乱他们的 学习。可知，这里讲述的是游客带来的另外一个问题，他们打搅了本地人正常的生活。G 项 Some tourists wander around and take pictures of local people without asking for their permission.一些游客四处走动，未经允许就给当地人拍照。）能够引起下文，下文正是对 这种不文明行为的举例，应选G。【19题详解】根据上文可知，本段主要讲的是一些游客四处走动，未经允许就给当地人拍照的行为。根据 空格前句子 "I have three words for tourists like this: please be considerate."（我对这样的游客 想说三个字：请体谅。）可知，作者不希望游客打搅到本地人的正常生活。C项Havefunina way that does not disturb others. 1以不打搅他人的方式享受乐趣。）符合段落主旨及作者的观 点态度，应选C。【20题详解】根据空格前句子 "The only way to solve the issue of the terrible tourist is to make sure that you not the one!,/ 解决可怕的游客问题的唯一方法就是确保你不是其中之一。）可知，接下来 作者应该讲述我们应该成为什么样的游客0D项Be the best, kindest, most polite tourist possible. 尽可能成为最好、最善良、最有礼貌的游客。）能够承接上文，不要做行为可怕的游客，要做善良的、有礼貌的游客，应选D。第三局部完形填空（共15小题，每题1分，总分值15分）阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，然后从各题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中, 选出最正确选项。For a little girl growing up in Colombia, a science career with NASA may seem impossible. Trujillo, however, is an aerospace 21 who leads a team at the NASA laboratory 22 for the robotic arm of the latest Mars rover （火星探测器）.How did Trujillo go from simply dreaming about the universe to 23 exploring it? That's a tale of 24 written in the stars.Born in 1983, even as a young girl Trujillo was 25 of her passion for science. But she doubted how far she'd be able to 26 in a male-dominated field. Then her dad offered to send her to Miami. Only 17 at the time, she 27 the offer.Trujillo took a series of housekeeping 28 to put herself through Miami Dade College.Sometimes she was cleaning bathrooms to help pay her way through her 29. But she didn't30 nI saw everything coming my way as an opportunity.'1Then came another life-changing moment. She became the first Hispanic （西班牙语国家的）woman to be 31 to the NASA Academy. Later, she became an engineer at NASA's Goddard Space Flight Center.This February, when the Perseverance rover 32on the surface of Mars, it was33by commentary （解说）from Trujillo in NASA's first-ever Spanish-language34.Trujillo own story is 35 that just beyond the barrier lies an entire universe ofopportunities waiting for anyone willing to work hard enough to reach for the stars.21. A. astronautA. eager22. A. actually repeatedlyA. innocence sympathy23. A. certainA. respond24. A. made upA. measures25. A. studiesA. skip complain 31. A. applied introduced32. A. originatedA. accompanied33. A. theory performanceA. enterprise 【答案】21.C22. BB.pilotC.engineerD.guideB.responsibleC.concernedD.gratefulB.hardlyC.preciselyD.B.kindnessC.perseveranceD.B.tolerantC.afraidD.fondB.riseC.investD.applyB.turned upC.picked upD.took upB.activitiesC.jobsD.coursesB.purchasesC.recreationsD.tripsB.panicC.reformD.B.admittedC.assignedD.B.sankC.landedD.waitedB.restrictedC.enhancedD.teasedB.broadcastC.criticismD.B.informationC.competenceD.proof23. A 24. C25. A26. B 27. D28. C29. A30. D 31. B32. C 33. A 34. B 35. D【解析】【分析】这是一篇记叙文。主要讲述了 Trujillo作为一位女性，靠着努力和毅力一步步成为了美国宇航局的工程师的故事o21题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：然而，Trujillo是一名航空航天工程师，她领导着美国宇航局实 验室的一个团队，负责最新火星探测器的机械臂。A. astronaut宇航员；B. pilot飞行员； C. engineer 工程师;D. guide 指导；向导。根据下文 “Later, she became an engineer at NASA's Goddard Space Flight Center/Z可知她成为美国宇航局工程师，所以此处 表示她是航天“工 程师，应选C。【22题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：参见上题。A. eager渴望的；B. responsible负责任的；C. concerned担忧的；D. grateful感谢的。此空是前面laboratory的后置定语，根据句意以及选 项意思，可知此处表示的是这个实验室的职责，be responsible for ”负责，应选B。23题详解】考查副词词义辨析。句意：Trujillo是如何从只是梦想着宇宙变成真正的探索宇宙的呢？ A. actually事实上；B. hardly几乎不;C. precisely准确地；D. repeatedly重复地。此空对应了 此句中的“dreaming about，要表示的是“从梦想变成了现实，在现实中真正的探索宇 宙。应选A。【24题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：那是一个写在星空中的有关毅力的故事。A. innocence无辜；无 罪；B. kindness 善良;C. perseverance 毅力；D. sympathy 同情。根据文章开头 uFor a little girl growing up in Colombia, a science career with NASA may seem impossible. 可知对于个 女孩要进入美国宇航局工作是非常难的一件事，而这位女孩做到了，结合选项，所以此处表 达她的整个经历是一个关于毅力和坚持的故事。当然通读文章，下文对于女孩故事的介绍， 也可知道她的成长经历是一个有关毅力的故事，应选C。【25题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：Trujillo出生于1983年，尽管她还是个小女孩，但她肯定自己 对科学的热情。A. certain确信的；B. tolerant容忍的；宽容的；C. afraid害怕的；担忧的； D. fond 喜爱的。根据上文“How did Trujillo go from simply dreaming about the universe to 3 exploring it? 可知她一直梦想着探索宇宙，结合此句中的even,所以此处表达甚至在她还 很小时，就确定了对科学的追求和喜爱，应选A。【26题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：但她不确定自己在一个男性主导的领域地位能提高多少。A.respond回应；B. rise上升；地位提高；C. invest投资；投入；D. apply申请；应用。根据 空后“in a male-dominated fiekT在男性主导的领域，结合句意以及选项，可知此处表达在 这样一个男性主导的领域里，Trujillo不知道的努力和坚持让自己能走多远，地位能提高多 少，应选B。【27题详解】考查动词短语辨析。句意：当时只有17岁，她接受了这个提议。A. made up编造；B. turned up出现；调大；C. picked up捡起；学会；D. took up接受（建议或主意）；占据。上文“Then her dad offered to send her to Miami., 她爸爸提出送她去迈阿密，下文 “Trujillo took a series of housekeeping 8 to put herself through Miami Dade College., 提到她去迈阿密上大学， 所以此处表示，她接受了爸爸让她去迈阿密的提议。应选D。【28题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：Trujillo做了一系列家务活，让自己读完了迈阿密戴德学院。A. measures措施；B. activities活动；C. jobs工作；D. courses课程。根据空前定语 housekeeping,以及此句句意，可知，此处表达她给别人做家务活，也就是通过家务工作， 挣钱让自己完成学业，应选C。【29题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：有时她清扫浴室以帮助她完成学业。A. studies学习；研究；B. purchases购置的东西；C. recreations休闲活动；D. trips旅行。上题分析提到她做家务帮助 她读完大学，结合选项，所以此处表示她清扫浴室帮助她完成学业，应选A。【30题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：但她没有抱怨，她把一切都看成是一个时机。A. skip略过;B. panic 惊慌；C. reform改革；D. complain抱怨。上题分析中提到为了完成学业，她要做家务，清 扫浴室，此句用到转折词“but”,以及空后“I saw everything coming my way as an opportunity她把遇到的一切都当作时机，所以此处表达，尽管学习完成不易，但是她不抱 怨，应选D。31题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：她成为第一个被美国宇航局学院录取的西班牙女性。A. applied申 请；应用；B. admitted成认；准许进入；C. assigned分配；分派；D.introduced介绍。上文“Then came another life-changing moment.,z接着又是一个改变人生的时刻，所以此处表 示她被美国宇航局学院录取，这是它人生的转折点，be admitted to "被 录取，应选B。【32题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：今年2月，当“毅力号火星车在火星外表着陆时，美国宇航局 同时播送了 Trujillo解说，这是首次西班牙语的播报。A. originated起源;B. sank下沉;C. landed降落；着陆；D. waited等待。根据此空的主语，空后地点状语以及选项，可知此 处表示的是“毅力号在火星外表着陆，应选C。【33题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：参见上题。A. accompanied陪伴；伴随；B. restricted限制；C. enhanced增强；D. teased取笑；戏弄。结合上题分析以及句意和选项，可知此处表示的是“毅力号着陆时，同时伴随着播送中Trujillo的西班牙语的解说，应选A。【34题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：参见第12题。A. theory理论；B. broadcast播送节目；C. criticism 批评；D. performance表演；表现。结合上面两题分析以及选项可知，“毅力号”在火星着 陆时，播送播报Trujillo用西班牙语所做的解说，应选B。【35题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：Trujillo自己的故事证明，越过障碍，有一个充满机遇的宇宙在 等待着任何愿意努力工作去接近星星的人。A. enterprise公司；B. information信息；C. competence能力；胜任；D. proof证据；证明。此空后that引导同位语从句，解释说明此 空名词的内容，根据句意和选项，此处表示她的故事是一种证明，说明了越过障碍，有一个 充满机遇的宇宙在等待着任何愿意努力工作去接近宇宙的人，应选Do第二卷(非选择题，共55分)第一节语篇填空(共10小题；每题分，总分值15分)A阅读下面材料，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。Tu Youyou is universally acknowledged as a scientist of great 36 (achieve), In 1967, she was chosen into a research team 37was formed by the government with the aim ofdiscovering a new treatment for malaria. As a 38 (commit) and patient scientist, she never acknowledged defeat whatever difficulty she met. After failing to draw out useful extract by boiling the sweet wormwood, she began even 39 (careful) thinking and research work.【答案】36. achievementthat#which37. committedmore careful【解析】【分析】本文是记叙文。文章简述了屠呦呦的经历与奉献。【36题详解】考查名词。句意：屠呦呦是一位举世公认的有伟大成就的科学家。结合句意和空格前形容词 great可知，应使用提示词achieve的名词形式achievement,意为“成就，构成介词短语 of great achievement,此时的 achievement 为抽象名词，不可数，故填 achievemento【37题详解】考查定语从句。句意：1967年，她被选为政府成立的一个研究小组的成员，该小组的目标 是发现一种治疗疟疾的新方法。分析句子可知，“ was formed by the government with the aim of discovering a new treatment for malaria.是限制性定语从句，修饰先行词 a research team,关系词代替先行词在定语从句中作主语，应使用关系代词that或which引导该定语从 句。故填 that/which。【38题详解】考查形容词。句意：作为一名坚决而有耐心的科学家，她从不成认遇到了任何困难。根据句 意和连词and可知，提示词与形容词patient是并列关系，作定语修饰名词scientist,应用形 容词形式committed,意为“尽心尽力的；坚决的"。故填committed。【39题详解】考查形容词比拟级。句意：煮苦艾没能提取出有用的提取物后，于是她开始了更加仔细的思 考和研究工作。根据句意和even可知，在之前的方法没有奏效之后，屠呦呦会更加仔细地 思考利研究，有比拟级含义，提示词用比拟级形式more careful o故填more carefuloB阅读下面材料，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。After breakfast, I pack my bag and set out again. If today is anything like yesterday, it will be full 40 sweat and hard work41(reach) my destination. However, I can'tcomplain, 42 (be) in such beautiful and wild place makes me feel blessed. What could be better?【答案】40. of41. to reach42. Being【解析】【分析】这是一篇记叙文。讲述了作者的旅行经历。【40题详解】考查介词。句意：如果今天和昨天一样，为了到达我的目的地，我将会充满汗水和努力。(be) full of "充满的是固定短语，符合句意。故填。f。41题详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：如果今天和昨天一样，为了到达我的目的地，我将会充满汗水和努 力。根据句意可知，此处应用动词的不定式作目的状语，表示“为了。故填toreach。【42题详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：在如此美丽和野性的地方让我感到幸福。分析句子可知，此处应用 动名词作主语。句首字母大写，故填Being。C阅读下面材料，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。Just like spoken language, body language 43 （vary） from culture to culture. The gestures we use fbr “yes” and “no” 44 （different） around the world. Some body language has many different uses. Perhaps the best example is smiling. A smile can break 45 barriers. Experts suggest smiling at yourself in the mirror to make yourself feel happier.【答案】43. varies 44. differ 45. down 【解析】【分析】这是一篇说明文。讲述了肢体语言因文化而异，微笑可以打破障碍。43题详解】考查谓语动词。句意：就像口语一样，肢体语言也因文化而异。分析可知，此处应用动词 vary作谓语，根据句意可知，此处描述客观事实，用一般现在时，主语body language为第 三人称单数，主谓一致，故填varies。【44题详解】考查谓语动词。句意：在世界各地，我们表示“是和“不是的手势是不同的。分析可知, 此处应用different的动词形式differ作谓语，根据句意可知，此处描述客观事实，用一般现 在时，主语gestures为复数，故用动词原形。故填differ。45题详解】考查副词、固定短语。句意：微笑可以打破障碍。breakdown “破除（障碍或偏见）是固 定短语，符合句意。故填down。第二节单词拼写（共10小题；每题分，总分值15分）根据汉语或首字母提示，在空白处填写符合句义的单词或所给单词的适当形式 （每空一词）。46. As we all know, solids（固体）turn to 1 at certain temperatures.根据首字母单词拼写）【答案】liquids#iquids【解析】【详解】考查名词。句意：我们都知道，固体在一定温度下会变成液体。结合句意和首字母 提示可知，应使用名词liquid作宾语，表示“液体，根据主语，复数名词“solids（固体） 可知,对应的“液体也应使用复数形式liquids。故填liquids。47. The future home will use i sensors to tell when you leave home each morning, andthen go into an energy-efficient mode all by itself.（根据首字母单词拼写）【答案】integrated#ntegrated【解析】【详解】考查形容词。句意：未来的房子将使用集成传感器来告诉你每天早上什么时候离开 家，然后自动进入节能模式。