2020年高考英语总复习知识点精讲精析与高考试题预测 Unit 20 Archaeology 人教版大纲第二册.doc

第二册 Unit 20ArchaeologyI单元一知识点全览工欲善其事 必先利其器高考须掌握的词汇：1decorate 2tendency 3approyamate 4remotely5Distance高考须掌握的短语：1to 2in 3eyes 4hand 5serve 6up考点过关 过关斩将 一马平川考点详解 精剖细解 入巿三分一、重点词汇1dozen n(一)打，十二个 eg：I want to buy two dozen Socks我想买两打袜子。They have been here for dozens of years他们在这儿住了几十年了。相关链接：score 二十，分数用法拓展：scores of 许多dozens of 许多ascore ofbooks 二十本书 a dozen books 一打书setl by the dozen 论打出售特别提醒：dozen，score 与数词或 many，several 连用时，不用复数形式；后面接名词时，of 可用也可不用，若后面宾语为代词时。of 不能省略。案例剖析 旁征博引 举一反三考题 1(典型例题)Eggs are sold,and we need to buyA.by dozen;three dozenB.by the dozen;three dozenC.by dozen;threedozensD.by the dozen;three dozens考题 1 点拨；答案为 B。sell sthby the dozen 论打出售某物，为固定搭配，故排除 A、c 项；当 dozen 与数字连用时，用单数形式，故排除 D 项。2average adj平均的，普通的，一般的 eg：The average age of the girlsin our class is 17我们班女生的平均年龄为 17 岁。The average temperaturethis winter is 10这个冬天的平均气温为 lO。相关链接：average n平均，平均数用法拓展：above the average 在一般以上belOW the average 在一般以下on an(the)average 按平均数分配an average ofI的平均数average out 扯平，最终得到平衡特别提醒：average 可用作形容词，名词和动词。考题 2(典型例题)What do you thinkof the student?-Oh,he is one ofintelligence.A.usualB.commonC.averageD.ordinary专题 2 点拨：答案为 c此题考查形容词的词义辨析。usual 通常的；common普通的，ordinary 平常的；average 平均的，一般的。句意为：“你觉得那个学生怎么样?噢，他是一个智力一般的学生。”二、重点短语3in terms of 就而言，从角度eg：In terms of money，were quiterich but not in terms of happmess从金钱的角度来说，我们是富有的，但从幸福角度来说我们不富有。用法拓展：in the long term 长远看来 in the short term 在目前keep on good terms with sb同某人保持友好关系on bad terms with sb与某人交情不好come to terms 达成协议，让步，屈服特别提醒：in terms of 为固定搭配，term 用复数形式。考 题 3(典 型 例 题 分)The wealth of a country should bemeasuredthe health and happiness of its people as well as the material goods it canproduce.A.in terms ofB.by meansC.in place ofD.in line with考题 3 点拨：答案为 A。根据题意“一个国家的财富，不仅以它生产的物质产品来衡量，还要从它的人民的健康和幸福的角度来衡量”。in terms of 从角度，就而言”，符合题意。41end a hand 帮助 eg：Could you lend me a hand to move this table?请你帮我把那桌子移动一下好吗?用法拓展：give/lensba hand 帮助某人=give/Iend a hand to sbhave a hand in 参与插手某事 at hand 在手头上，即将，在附近by hand 手工做的hand in hand 手挽手on one hand；on che other hand 一方面，另一方面hand in 上交hand down 把传下去 hand out 分发hand sbsth传给某人某物特别提醒：hand 可用作名词，也可用作动词。考 题 4(典 型 例 题)-He is preparingfor the meeting.Shall wea hand to him?-Had better not.He always lets no one else have ain it.A.put;handB.lend;mindC.give;footD.lend;hand考题 4 点拨：答案为 D。lend/give a hand to sb“给予某人帮助”；have ahand in“插手莱事”。句意为：“他正在准备开会。让我们去帮帮他好吗?最好不要，他一向不让任何人插手他的事。”三、重点交际用语5I wonder if/whether不知道是否eg：I wonder if it will rain tomorrow我不知道明天会不会下雨。用法拓展：1 wonder if I can/could do sth是请求允许的交际用语，表示请求对方允许自己干某事。其中 wonder 是动词，作“想知道”解，后跟 if/whether从句。eg：I wonder ifI could use your phone我能不能用一下你的电话?这个句子直译是：“我想知道我是否可以用你的电话。”用 conld 比用 can在语气上更委婉一些。对于这个请求，如果作肯定回答，则用：SureGo ahea d好的。用吧。YesPlease do好的。请吧。Of course/Sure当然可以。如果作否定回答，则用：Im sorrybut对不起，但Im afrald not恐怕不行吧。Yond better not最好不。一 I wonder if I could turn off the Iight我把灯关掉好吗?一 SureGo ahead好的，关吧。一 I wonder if I could smoke here我在这儿抽烟好吗?Im sorry，but it is not allowed对不起，这儿不让抽烟。特别提醒：1 wonderif I could do，是请求允许的句型，conld 不表示过去时态，而是一种委婉的表达。考题 5(典型例题 1 分)He seems too tired today,and I wonderhegot a good sleep last night.A.whenB.thatC.ifD.where考题 5 点拨：答案为 c。从 He seems to0 tired today可判知“我想知道他昨晚是否睡得好”。if 是否”，故选 c。句意为：“他今天似乎很疲劳，我想知道他昨晚睡得可好。，四、重点句型6It/This is/was+时间名词+wheneg：It was four Oclock when he cameback当他回来时，已经 4 点钟了。It is 2020;2020 when the olympic Games will be held in China 奥运会将于 2020;2020 年在中国举行。用法拓展：(1)It is/was+时间名词+when ，其中 when 引导的为时间状语从句。(2)It is/was+时间副词/介词短语十 that该句型为强调句。强调时间状语。eg：It is tomorrow that he will go to Beijing他明天将去北京。h was at nine oclock yesterday that he went to the park他昨天是九点去的公园。(3)在句型“It+be+一段时间+since从句”中 be的形式为is或was。如果是is 则since 从句用过去时 若为 was，则 since 从句用过去完成时，此句型意为“自从以来有一段时间了。”注意 since 从句的谓语动词常用非延续性动词。eg：It is two years since he joined the army他参军已有两年了。It was five years since his father had died他父亲去世已有五年了。注意：若 since 从句中用延续性动词则表示相反的意义表示该动作或状态的终止。eg：It is three years since he smoked他不吸烟已有三年了。It is three years since Tom was a college student汤姆大学毕业已有三年了。(4)在句型It+be+一段时间+before 从句”中，动词 be 通常为 was 或 will be 形式before 从句中谓语动词的时态一般用现在时态或过去时态，表示将来。此句型意为“很久才”，其否定式意为“没过多久就”。eg：It was long(one year)before he came back过了很久(过了一年)他才回来。It wont be two years before we meet each other again过不了两年我们就会再见面的。考题 6-1(典型例题 分)It wastwelve oclock at midnighttheyarrived at the lonely vil-lage.A.thalB.whenC.ifD.since考题 6-2(典型例题 l 分)It took them three hoursthey couldbring the big fire under control.A.whenB.beforeC.since D.that考题 61 点拨：答案为 B。根据题意“当他们到达那个荒凉的小村子时，已是午夜 12 点钟”。It is/was+时间词+when一 when 引导时间状语从句。故选 B。考题 62 点拨；答案为 B。根据题意“他们花了三个小时，才把大火控制住”。before表示“过多久才”。故选 B。五、词语辨析7as good as，as well as，as well(1)as good as 有两种用法：good 作为形容词进行同级比较，译为“如同一样好”。作为固定词组用表示“实际上，事实上。和几乎一样”。常放在所修饰的动词、形容词之前。eg：The place where we live is as good as theone where you live我们生活的地方和你们的一样好。what he djd has as good as shown his attitude他的行为实际上已表明了他的态度。My bike is as good as new，even though Ive had it for a year我的自行车尽管用了一年，但还和新的一样。(2)as well as 也有两种用法：用于副词同等比较译为“如同一样好”。作为一个复合并列连词，表示“既又，不但而且”连接两主语时，侧重点在第一主语，谓语应与第一个主语在人称上保持一致。翻译时，先译后者，再译前者。eg：You do as well as he does你做得如同他做得一样好。He as well as I is responsible for it不仅是我，他也有责任。We cant expect a woman to do the housework as well as look after the children我们不能指望一个女人既照看孩子，又做家务。(3)as well 只作副词，有两种意义：表示“还是好”，常用于 may 或 might句中。表示“同样也”，相当于 too通常用于句末。eg：You might as well leave at oncefor the headmaster prohibited StUdents fromcoming in你最好还是马上离开。因为校长不许学生进来。We may as well finish the job，noW weve got so far with it这项工作既然我们已做了这么多，还是把它做完为好。Water is necessary for people，it is necessary for animals as welI对人而言，水是必不可少的，对动物来说也是这样。Tom has expressed his support，I as weIl will do whatever l can do fdryou汤姆已表示了他的支持，我也要尽可能为你做一些事情。考题 7-1(典型例题分)As is known to all,she isshe is asinger.A.as good an actor asB.as an actor good asC.as good as an actorD.an actor as good as考题 7-2(典型例题 Ill go on Monday by the slow train.You mightwait till Tuesday and go on the fast one.A.rather thanB.as well asC.as good asD.as well考题 71 点拨 t 答案为 A。as good as 表示“同一样好”，中间插入 anactor，被 good 所修饰。句意为：众所周知。她做演员和当歌手一样出色。考题 72 点拨：答案为 D。此题考查 may/might as well。不妨;还是的好”，为固定搭配。句意为：“我要乘坐周一的慢车走。“你还是等到用二，坐快车走为好。”语法归纳 精通规则 游刃有余It 的用法在第一册讲详细讲过，在此不再赘述。IV专题探究 由点及面由表及里专题探究：专题详解：如何做好阅读理解中的“事实细节型”的题目。一篇文章在确定主题之后，通常要通过大量的事实和细节对主题进行解释和说明。因此有很多的题干是根据短文的细节而设计的。文章的细节题有可能是直接理解题，如事 l 物的起因、过程、结果及发生的时间、地点等。但多数情况下是闻接理解题，要求你在理解的基础上，通过自己的思维将理解的内容系统化、条理化。比如计算、排序、选图等题。选项的表述通常不是用文章的原话而是使用同义的词语来表达。做题时一定要回到短文中找出与答题内容相关的词语和句子，在理解原文的基础上选择答案。找到关键词后最好在下面画线。以便检查。事实细节型的题目常见的提问方式有以下几种：(l)According to the passage,who/what/which/when/where/how/howmany/how much/how long/how soon/howoften.?(2)According to the passage,which of the following is true/NOT true?(3)According to the passage,which of the following is NOT mentioned?(4)All of the following are true EX-CEPT.考题(典型例题分)The film about schoolboy magician Harry Potter basgained cra-zy popularity throughout the world since its on last month.Hopeful children throughout Britain will be delighted when they look undertheir Christmas tree to find Santa has conjured up(用魔术变出)thatlonged-forHarryPottergift.Intoyshops,everythingaboutHarryPotter,from models of Hogwarts Express to toy castles,is sold out.The Harry Potter craze has spread far beyond the young magicians home country.In Austria,Harry Potter has caused a rise of interest in wizardry(巫术).And young Harry Potter fans are following in the footsteps of their idolthere is now a real-lifeschool for wizards and witches.Togain theirsorcerers diplomas(巫师文凭),three classes of students atthe school,in Klagenfurt,southern Austria,take a six-part course.They are taught about astronomy(天文学)and they learn to make medicine andcast spells(念咒).I hope I can learn and use power to communicate betweenthe visible and invisible worlds,satd a student.Having completed a final examination,the student witches and wizards receivecer-tificates(证书)to show their achievements.But even the ancient art ofwizardry has hadto give ground to the computer age:the course can be studiedby distan,ce learning on the Internet.In the US,the film has been laughing all the way on the top of the box officeand has stayed there for the third week in a row.According to the passage,which of the statement is true?A.Many schools have offered selective class on wizardry.B.Harry Potter gifts are sold well throughout the world.C.,People can learn wizardry even on the Internet.D.Wizardry is most popular in the United States考题拨:答案为 c。从文章倒敷第二自然段最后一句话 But even the ancient artof wizardry has had to give ground to the computerage：the course can bestudied by distance learning on thenternet(连古代的巫术也要让位于电脑时代：课程可以通过网络进行远程学习。)可以看出，c 为正确答案。V考题类型一网打尽蓦然回首 灯火阑珊回顾 1 测试考点 6(典型例题 Scientists say it may be five or six yearsit is possible to test this medicine on human patients.A.sinceB.afterC.beforeD.when1 c 点拨：此题考查 lt is+一段时间+before结构，表示“过多长时间才。”句意为：“科学家们说可能要过五六年的时间这种药才能在病人身上做临床检验。”回顾 2 测试考点 6(典型例题 t was some timewe realized thetruth.A.whenB.untilC.sinceD.before2D 点拨：本题考查引导时间状语从句的连词用法。本题句意：过了一段时间我们才意识到真相。句型：lt was some time before意为“过了一段时间之后才”。when 用于句中不合句意，until 常与 not 连用而且常用于否定句中，意为。直到才”，since 常与完成时连用。回顾 3 测试考点 6(典型例题 Did Jack come back earlylast night?-Yes.It was not yet eight oclockhe arrived home.A.before B.when C.thatD.until3B 点拨：此题考查时间状语从句。这里的 when 是引导词，引导时间状语从句，交代了主句发生的时间。VI2020;2020 年高考题预测高瞻远瞩 占尽先机一、考情预测预测 l：“穿衣”的表达形式预测根据：在英语中，表示“穿衣”时有多种表达形式，这是一个常考的问题，对考生来说也是一个难点。表示“穿衣”时，分动作和状态两类：命题角度预测：对“穿衣”这一表达形式的考查，会在高考的单项选择或完形填空部分设置考题，从动词的时态、语态方面，或从动作、状态方面进行考查。考生要熟知这几方面的表达，根据题目所提供的语境进行正确选择。预测 2：intend 的用法与搭配预测根据：intend 表示“打算；意欲；想要”，是考纲要求掌握的一个重点单词，也是高考考查的重要考点之一。尤其是 intend 后接从句，用(should)+动词原形和be intended for“为某人某事而计划或设计”的用法，更是高考考查的重点。命题角度预测：对于 intend 的用法，在单项选择、完形填空或阅读理解部分出现的可能性都较大。考生应特别注意前面提到的两种搭配和用法所表示的意思。预测 3：notuntil 句型预测根据：notuntil 表示“直到才”。这是一个重点句型。也是考生很容易出错的一个句型。在近几年全国高考和各省自主命题的试题中,此句型是一个考查热点。命题角度预测：对 notuntil 的考查，通常会在单项选择中进行，从以下几个方面进行考查：(1)当主句用将来时态或主句是祈使句时，从句用一般现在时，而不用将来时。eg：1 wont believe you until I have seen you in the jar with myown eyes(我亲眼看到你在坛子里才会相信你所说的。)(2)not until 用于强调句型，即 It was not until+时间状语(从句)+that 从句。eg：It was not until shetook off her dark glasses that I realized she was a famous film star(直到她摘下墨镜我才看出她是个著名影星。)(3)not until 放在句首，用于倒装句型。eg：Not until I began to work did I realize how much time J had wasted(直到开始工作我才意识到我浪费了多少时间。)预测 4：“be to do结构预测根据be to do 属于表将来情况的句型之一。在实际运用中，主要有三方面的用法：(1)某事应当/必须如何做。通常用于不定式的被动式。经常出现在通知或说明书中。eg：Thebooks you borrowed are to be returned before May 1 st(你所借的图书应在 5 月 1 日前归还。)(2)表示命令或指示，通常是上级对下级，父母对子女。用于第二人称时，经常含有转达别人指示的意思。eg：Mother says youare 10 walt here till shecomes(妈妈说你在这儿一直等到她回来。)(3)表示按计划或安排要做的事或注定要发生的事。eg：Better days are soo/I tofollow(好日子快要到了。)命题角度预测：“be to do结构的考查在单项选择尤其是完形填空部分设题的可能性非常大。考生应清楚此结构所表示的三种基本情境，熟练运用此句型准确完成题目。预测 5：话题预测本单元的中心话题是“考古学”，内容涉及石器时代、青铜器时代、汉朝、唐朝等古代的饮食起居、文化娱乐、生产工具等并着重介绍了英国的巨石阵和中华文明的起源。高考与本话题有关的部分会在阅读理解部分涉及到。会以记叙文的形式给出有关考古发现的一篇文章，从词义猜测、归纳主题、排列时间顺序等几个方面设题考查考生的阅读能力。因此在备考时考生要结合本单元阅读部分。了解有关考古学的常识，有助于阅读和顺利完成题目。二、考题预测备考 1测试考点 1-How many people,were there?-There wereA.score of them.B.scores of them C.three scores of themD.three score them1B 点拨：scores of“许多；大量”，是固定词组。score 与数词连用时，只能用单数形式。且后面宾语为代词时，of 不能省略。备考 2测试考点 2The company earned a lot of money.As a result,themembers personal income rose by a(an)of 10 percent.A.averageB.ordinaryC.commonD.usual2A点拨：an average of 平均”，为固定词组。句意为：“公司赢利很多，结果。员工个人收入平均增长了 10。”备考 3测试考点 6The car was slow and the road was icy.It was alreadyeveningwe finally got to the village.A.thatB.whenC.untilD.in which3B 点拨：此题考查 lt is+时间名词-when 引导的时间状语从句。句意为：“车慢路滑，当我们到达村子时，已经是晚上了。”备 考 4 测 试 考 点3Therecordhasbeenwellreceived,butactual sales it hasnt been very successful.A.in terms ofB.in place ofC.in a wayD.inline with4A点拨：in terms of 从角度，按照”；in place of代替”；in a way“从某种程度上”；in line with“与一致”。句意为：“这张唱片很受欢迎，但从实际销售的角度看，它的发行不很成功。”备考 5测试考点 7I cant afford the dress,h isthat one.A.twice as expensive asB.as twice expensive as C.as expensive twiceasD.as expensive as twice5A 点拨：asas一中第一个 as 是副词，后接形容词或副词。第二个 as 是连词。有倍数时，先出现倍数，再加比较句式。备考 6测试考点 6Alice broke several cups when cleaning the dishes.It was a long timeher master discovered whathad happened.A.untilB.whenC.sinceD.before6D 点拨：此题考查句型 It is+时间+before表示“过了多久才”。句意为：“艾丽斯在刷盘子时打碎了几个杯子，过了很久主人才发现。”备考 7测试考点 5I wonderthey will arrive on time.A.whatB.whenC.whetherD.that7C点拨：wonder 用于肯定的陈述句中，宾语从句的连词用 whether 或 if或特殊疑问词。后面的宾语从句不缺成分，可排除 A,when 与 on time 冲突；所以 C项正确。备考 8测试考点 4Everyone in our soeiety shoulda hand to thosewho are in troubleAtakeB1endChaveDput8B点拨：give/lend a hand to sb意为：给予某人帮助。备考 9高考新题型：阅读填空题Dear Xiao Ming,You asked me in your letter for advice on which major to choose.When it comesto this,I suggest that you apply for the major of English.To begin with,English is one of the most popular languages in the world,which is widelyused in all fields.Whats more,English majors are more likely to find agood job in the increasingly tight job market.It can provide you with apromising job.In order to study at English Department,you haye to meetthe followingrequirements.First,you have to spend a lot of time on it,just as the oldsaying goes,Practice makes per-fect.Second,the basic skills of reading,writing,listening anti speaking are necessary,because they are thefoundations for you future study.Last but not the least important,you needan interest in learning English since Interest is the best teacher.As far as the preparation work is concerned,you should.first of all,reviewall the required vocabulary.In addition.youd better spend some time onspeaking,reading and writing.Also,you should pay special attention to yourspoken English.Such is my advice.Only through these measures can you hopeto be admitted to English Department.Which(1)tochooseThe reason forthe application(5)youshouldmeetPreparan on workEngIish1Oneof(2)intheworld1 I(6)is thebestteacher1Review aIl the vocabulary2Its ea$ier toget agood jobinthe(3)job iilarket2You have to(7)muehtimetoIearning it2(9)yourspeakingreadingandwriting3.1t can give youa(4)job3The basic skiIlsare the(8)foryourfuturestud y3Pay special attentionto(10)9(1)major(2)the most popular languages(3)increasingly tight(4)promising(5)Basicrequirements(6)Interest(7)devote/spend(8)foundation(9)Improve(10)your spoken English