高考英语一轮复习宾语从句详解讲义.docx

高考英语精讲：宾语从句详解一、宾语从句基本概念在主句中充当宾语成分，即跟在及物动词后面、不及物动词加介词后面，或介词后面的从句叫做宾语从句，宾语从句可以由从属连词that，whether，if，连接代词what，which，who以及连接副词how，when，where，why等引导。其中宾语表示动作的对象或承受者，常位于及物动词或介词后面。宾语从句的用法需要注意以下几个问题：1、宾语从句中要用陈述语序Im wondering if you could help me with my homework.我在想你是否可以帮忙我的作业但是不能这样：Im wondering if could you help me with my homework.2、宾语从句时态选择的问题1、当主句的谓语动词为一般现在时时，宾语从句的时态应根据实际情况使用可以是任何时态She says that she likes bananas very much.她说她特别喜欢香蕉（一般现在时）She says that she will send me an email this afternoon.她说她今天下午会给我发邮件（一般将来时）2、当主句谓语动词是一般过去时时，从句时态一般用适当的过去时态He said to his mon that there were no classes yesterday.他对他妈妈说昨天没有课（一般过去时）He said that he was watching a TV series at that time.他说他当时正在看一部电视连续剧3、当宾语从句描述的是客观事实、真理、自然规律等时，不管主句的时态是哪种，宾语从句的时态都用一般现在时The teacher told us that light travels faster than sound.老师告诉我们光比声音传播得快My father used to tell us that nothing is difficult if we put heart into it.父亲过去常告诉我们只要用心，没有什么事可以难倒我们4、宾语从句的否定前移当主句主语是第一人称且时态为一般现在时时，以及主句的谓语动词是believe，consider，expect，fancy，guess，imagine，suppose，think等时，从句的否定要转移到主句上，但这种转移只是形式上的，意义上不变。如果整个句子后面跟有反义疑问句，反义疑问句的谓语动词要与宾语从句保持一致I don't think he will stick out to the last moment.我认为他不会坚持到最后一刻I don't suppose that is their fault，it it？我认为那不是他的错，是不是？宾语从句三类的用法详解二、宾语从句可以分为三类1、动词的宾语从句1.1 大多数位于动词后面I hope you can join us in the game.1.2 有些是“动词+副词”后Find out / point out / figure out / turn out/ figure out Can you figure out what the poet really means in this poem?1.3 有些动词短语后面Make sure / make up ones mind / keep in mind we should keep in mind that sports can be a great boost to our health.2、it 作形式宾语代替宾语从句第一类动词; find/ feel/ think/ consider/ make / believe/ guess/ suppose /assume等后面有宾语不足语时，需要用it 作形式宾语而将that引导的真正的宾语从句后置。 I think it necessary that we do some sporting.第二类动词 带宾语从句时需要在从句前面加it。这类词：hate / like/ dislike/ appreciate/ depend on/ see to / I hate it when they talk without considering others feeling.但是如果宾语从句是WH-类引导的，其后面有to be 短语作宾语补足语，不可以用it 代替。We all consider what you said to be unbelievable. (right)We all consider it to be unbelievable what you said .(wrong)3、 形容词后的宾语从句Adj: sure / certain/ glad/ pleased/ happy / afraid / sorry 等等。I am not sure whether you will come or not.三、宾语从句的语序宾语从句尾名词性从句，不管用什么样的引导词引导，宾语从句的语序总是用陈述语序。如She asked when she could leave. 她问她何时可以离开。Please tell me what you need. 请告诉我你需要什么。四、宾语从句的引导词1、用that引导。that只起引导词作用，不充当句子成分，也没有词义，且通常可以省略。如:We think (that) he will help us. 我们认为他会帮助我们。He said (that) he was good at English.他说他擅长英语。I know (that) he is very busy. 我知道他很忙。2、用 if或 whether 引导。if和 whether 引导宾语从句，不充当句子成分，但有词义，表示“是否”。如:I don't know if whetherl he willcome. 我不知道他是否会来。She asked if whether that was enough. 她问那是否够了。I wonder whether if it is true. 我不知道是不是真的。3、用连接代词引导。常见的引导宾语从句的连接代词有what.who.whom.which,whose等。此时要特别注意宾语从句用陈述句词序，而不用疑问句词序。如:She asked who would like to go. 她问谁愿意去。Tell me whose wallet this is. 告诉我这是谁的钱包what引导宾语从句时，有时表示“什么”，有时表示".所.的”。比较:I asked what he needed. 我问他需要什么。I gave him what he needed. 我给了他所需要的东西。4、用连接副词引导。常见的引导宾语从句的连接副词有when.how.where.whv等。此时要特别注意宾语从句用陈述句词序，而不用疑问句词序。如:He knows where they live.他知道他们住哪里。Tell us how you are getting on now. 告诉我们你现在过得怎样?I can't tell you why she is crying. 我不能告诉你她为什么哭。He didn't say when he would return. 他没有说什么时候回来。五、宾语从句与形式宾语 it当宾语从句后跟有宾语补足语时，通常在宾语从句处使用形式宾语it，而将真正的宾语从句移至句末。如:I think it best that you should stay here. 我认为你最好住这儿。He hasn't made it known when he is going to get married.他还没宣布他何时结婚。学科网（北京）股份有限公司