七年级英语语法之句子成分.docx

英语句子成分句子成分包括主要成分和次要成分。主要成分是主语和谓语，次要成分有:宾语、补语、定语、状语、同位语和独立成分。1.主语（Subject）主语是谓语叙述的对象，主要由名词（短语）或起名词作用的词、短语或从 句来充当，其中包括：代词、名词化的形容词、不定式（短语）、动名（短语）和 名词性从句。主语大多位于句首。A.名词作主语Watermelon is usually round and sweet.西瓜通常是原型、味甜的。Little streams feed big rivers.涓涓细流汇成江河。B.代词作主语You're not far wrong.你差不多对 了。He told a joke but it fell flat. 他说了一个笑话，但没有引人发笑。C.数词作主语Three is enough. 3 个就足够 了。Two-thirds of the workers are women.三分之二的工人是女工。D.动名词作主语Living in that island country for half a year was an unforgettable experience for me.在那个岛国住了半年对我是一段难忘的经历。Watching a film is a pleasure, making one is hard work.看电影是乐事，制作影片是苦差事。E.不定式作主语To translate this ideal into reality needs hard work.理想境界的实现还要靠我们的辛勤劳动。For their country to be neutral in this conflict was out of question.他们的国家要在这场冲突中保持中立是不可能的。F.从句作主语What I told him was important.我告诉他的事情很重要。Whether weUl go depends on the weather. 我们是否去要看天气。G.以it作主语的句子A.代替刚提到过的一件事物：What is this? It is a harvester.B.起指示代词的作用，指一个人或事物：Who is knocking at the door?It's me.C.表示时间、天气、距离等：It's rather cold today.D.改变一个句子结构，强调这个句子中的某一成分：It's man that counts.起作用的是人。E代替一个由不定式、动名词短语或从句表示的主语，使原来的这些主语可以 放在句子的后部，以免句子显得头重脚轻：It's very kind of you to be with me at the critical moment.2 .谓语(Predicate)谓语说明主语的动作、状态或性质。在现代语法中，谓语不仅包括限定动词，而且包括限定动词所可能带有的宾语、补语和状语。谓语可以分为简单谓语(SimplePredicate )和复合谓语(Compound Predicate 1谓语多位于主语之后，句子中间。What happened?出了什么事？Don't stand so nervously.不要这么拘谨啊。I may be wrong.我可能是错的。I am reading a historical book. 我在读一本历史书。For many years he remained single. 许多年他一直单身。His face turned red with anger.他的脸都气红了。3 .表语表语的功能是表述主语的特征、状态、身份等，位于连系动此之后，构成系表结构。可 以用作表语的有名词、代词.数词、形容词、副词,不定式、动名词,分词、介词短语,从句等。A.名词做表语He still remained a hero in people's minds.在人们心中他仍然是一位英雄。B.代词做表语Thafs something we have always to keep in mind.这是我们应当经常牢记的。C.数词做表语We are seven.我们一共 7 人。D.形容词做表语Please feel free to say what you really think.请随便谈谈你的真实想法吧。E.副词做表语We must be off now.我们得走 了。F.不定式做表语A thin person always seems to be taller than he really is.瘦子似乎总比他的实际高度要高些。G.动名词做表语Complimenting is lying. 恭维即是说谎。H.分词做表语Time is short. 时间紧迫。I'm very pleased with what he has done.我对他所干的活很满意。I.介词短语做表语She felt at ease and confident in the future.她感到很安心，对未来充满信心。J.从句做表语That is what she really needs. 这就是她的意思。4 .宾语(Object)宾语表示动作所涉及的对象，是动作的承受者。动词宾语主要分直接宾语(DirectObject）和间接宾语（Indirect Object）两类。宾语多位于谓语之后。做宾语的多为名 词、代词、从句等。I hate the man standing in front of my father.我讨厌站在我父亲前边的那人。I could not understand his words.我不知道他说的啥。He forgot what I told him.他把我告诉他的事情忘了。They gave me some book /some books to me. 他们给了我几本书。I saw him coming into the house.我看见他走进这所房子。They are talking about what was the best method.他们就最好的方法是什么进行过辩论。5 .定语（Attribute ）定语是用来描述名词或代词的修饰语，常和名词一起构成名词短语。定语有前置定语 和后置定语之分，前置定语多以单词担任，后置定语多以短语或从句担任。定语通常由形容 词、动名词、分词、名词、从句等担任。The old tall man in blue is our headmaster.那位个子高高的老人是我们校长。He gives a vivid description of the battle.他生动地描述了 那一场战斗。（形容词）These difficulties can never stop our advance.这些困难不能阻止我们前进。（代词） His words moved everyone present.他的话感动了在场的每个人。（形容词） Do you know the number of the foreign guests coming to the party?你知不知道来参加晚会的外宾人数？（分词短语）This is the only reference book there is on the subject.这是关于这一问题的唯一参考书。（从句）.状语（Adverbial）状语是指修饰动词、形容词、副词、介词短语或整个句子的成分，说明动作或状态 的特征，或对某一特征做补充说明。可以作状语的有副词（短语1介词短语、名词短语.不定式（短语，分词（短语，形容词（短语）和从句等。They treat him kindly.他们待他很好。（副词）Youe quite mistaken.你完全错了。（副词）I will meet him in the park this evening. 今晚我将在公园与他见面。（介词短语及名词 短语）Led by the Party, we're getting richer and richer.在党的领导下，我们越来越富裕了。（分词短语）At the end of the film, we were all moved to tears.看到影片的末尾时，我们都感动地流 了眼泪。（介词短语）When I was ill, she nursed me day and night. 我生病时，她日夜照顾我。（名词词组）