江西省南昌市重点中学2022-2023学年高二上学期9月开学诊断性考试英语试卷（解析版）.docx

南昌市重点中学2022-2023学年高二上学期9月开学诊断性考试英语试卷解析版第一局部听力（略）第二局部阅读理解（共两节，总分值50分）第一节（共15小题;每题2.5分，总分值375分）阅读以下短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、和D四个选项中，选出最正确选项。A2021-2022 Haynes Bridge Middle School Talent ShowImportant Information:Audition试演）will be held on Friday 10/29, Saturday 10/30, Sunday 10/31.Dates for rehearsals 1 排练）and performances:1st Rehearsal Monday, November 15th 4:15-5:45Dress Rehearsal - Wednesday, November 17th 4:15-6:00Talent Show Performance Thursday, November 18th at 6:00-7:30All participants must be available to attend all dates!Rules & Regulations:1. Auditions are open to all HBMS students. Students may enter the talent show as a solo act or a group. （Group can be no more than 6 students.）2. Acts must be no more than 3 minutes in length. An act that runs longer may be selected under the condition that it be cut down to the 3-minute maximum.3. The show will be about 1.5 hours long. There will be about 25 acts selected, possibly a few more if some run under the 3-minute maximum.4. Tryouts 选拔赛）are closed to anyone other than students who are auditioning and the【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要阐述了什么是元宇宙以及元宇宙存在的个人数据平安隐 患。【12题详解】细节理解题。根据第二自然段 uFacebook CEO Mark Zuckerberg9s announcement that he's changing his company's name to Meta Platforms Inc. But Zuckerberg and his team are hardly the only tech visionaries with ideas on how the metaverse, . （Facebook 首席执行官马克扎克伯 格宣布将公司名称改为元平台公司但是扎克伯格和他的团队并不是唯一一个对元宇宙 有想法的技术梦想家）”可知，扎克伯格和他的团队将从事元宇宙技术方面的研究，转 型元宇宙领域。因此将公司改名为元平台公司。因此，扎克伯格要更改公司名称的原因是 他将从事元宇宙研究。应选C项。【13题详解】推理判断题。根据第三自然段 “What is the metaverse? Zuckerberg has described it as a "virtual environment，z you can go inside of instead of just looking at on a screen. Essentially, it's a world of endless, interconnected virtual communities where people can meet, work and play, using virtual reality headsets and glasses, smartphone or other devices.（什么是元宇宙？扎克伯 格称之为“虚拟环境你可以进入而不仅仅是在屏幕上看。本质上，这是一个由无数 相互关联的虚拟社区组成的世界，人们可以使用虚拟现实耳机和眼镜、智能 或其他设备 在这里见面、工作和玩耍）可知，进入元宇宙，人们可以使用虚拟现实耳机和眼镜、智能 或其他设备在这里见面、工作和玩耍，由此推知，B项“Have meetings in the virtual office.（在虚拟办公室开会）也是可以在元宇宙中做的事情，应选B项。【14题详解】推理判断题。根据第四自然段 “They consider the metaverse as online culture's liberation from tech platforms like Facebook that assumed ownership of people's accounts, photos, posts and traded off what they collected from that data.（他们认为，元宇宙是网络文化从 Facebook 等技 术平台上解放出来的产物，这些技术平台拥有人们的账户、照片、帖子，并对他们从这些 数据中收集到的信息进行交易）可知，Facebook等技术平台拥有人们的账户、照片、帖 子等信息，而元宇宙就是要让网络用户从这些平台中解放出来，用户对个人数据负责，由 此推知，A 项 “Users should be responsible for their personal data.（用户应对其个人数据负 责）是元宇宙粉丝的核心信念，应选A项。【15题详解】 推理判断题。根据最后段 “There is a growing concern about Facebook trying to lead the way into a virtual world that could require even more personal data and offer greater potential for abuse and misinformation when it hasn't fixed those problems in its current platforms.（人彳门越来 越担忧，Facebook试图引领人们进入一个可能需要更多个人数据的虚拟世界，并在其当前 平台尚未解决这些问题的情况下，带来更大的滥用和错误信息的可能性）可知，Facebook 现有平台尚未解决个人数据平安方面的问题，扎克伯格进军元宇宙的决定可能会带来更大 的问题，由此推知，C 项 “Facebook may not play a good leading role. （Facebook 可能不会起 到很好的领导作用）是人们的态度，应选C项。第二节（共5小题;每题2.5分，总分值12.5分）根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最正确选项。选项中有 两项为多余选项。Collecting rainwater is important. It can help you save both money and the environment while preventing possible damage. 16 And lots of people have taken action to do it.17 Many people pay monthly for the water from the city water supply. Collecting rainwater can help you save part of that money. Why? You can use the rainwater to water your garden and wash your pets, houses, and cars without ever opening the city water supply.Plants can grow better. It9s a known fact that plants are not huge fans of tap water. Tap water is treated with numerous chemicals unfriendly to plants. But with rainwater, you'll never have to worry about these chemicals. After all, rainwater is a natural source of water. It generally won't harm plants. 18It can protect your property （房产）from rain damage. Too much rain may damage your home. 19 This is especially true if your house doesn't have a water collecting system.The system can help direct rainwater away from your home to where you want to collect it, which also prevents water from flooding in your neighborhood.You'll help clean natural waterways. Rainwater helps the ground stay clean. But when it runs along rooftops, streets, etc., it collects many pollutants. 20 However, by collecting the water, you can prevent a considerable percentage of the pollutants from reaching the natural waterways in your hometown.A It's helpful in reducing your water bills.B Your city offers cheaper drinking water.C. Instead, it can promote certain plants' growth.D It's hard to collect enough water during dry seasons.E. The resulting dirty water flows into the natural waterways.F. Nowadays, many towns encourage people to collect rainwater.G. For example, in rainy seasons, rainstorms may destroy your yard.【答案】16.F17.A18. C 19. G 20. E【解析】【导语】这是一篇说明文。收集雨水很重要。它可以帮助你节省金钱和保护环境，同时防 止可能的破坏。文章主要说明了一些收集雨水的好处。【16题详解】根据上文 uCollecting rainwater is important. It can help you save both money and the environment while preventing possible damage.（收集雨水很重要。它可以帮助你节省金钱和保 护环境，同时防止可能的破坏）以及后文“And lots of people have taken action to d。it .（很 多人已经采取了行动）可知，此处应该是说人们积极参与收集雨水的具体活动，F选项中 collect rainwater对应上文中Collecting rainwater。故F选项“现在，许多城镇鼓励人们收集 雨水符合语境，应选F。【17题详解】根据后文 “Many people pay monthly for the water from the city water supply. Collecting rainwater can help you save part of that money. Why? You can use the rainwater to water your garden and wash your pets, houses, and cars without ever opening the city water supply.（许多人 每月支付城市供水系统的水费。收集雨水可以帮你省下一局部钱。为什么？你可以用雨水 浇灌你的花园，给你的宠物洗澡、清洗房子和汽车，而不用翻开城市供水系统）可知，本 段提到收集雨水可以帮你省下一局部钱，即减少水费，故A选项“这有助于减少你的水 费符合语境，应选A。【18题详解】根据上文 “Plants can grow better. It's a known fact that plants are not huge fans of tap water. Tap water is treated with numerous chemicals unfriendly to plants. But with rainwater, you'll never have to worry about these chemicals. After all, rainwater is a natural source of water. It generally worft harm plants.（植物可以长得更好。众所周知，植物并不怎么喜欢自来水。自来水用许 多对植物不友好的化学物质处理过。但有了雨水，你就再也不用担忧这些化学物质了。毕 竟，雨水是一种天然的水源。它一般不会伤害植物）可知，本句为本段最后一句，上文提 到雨水不会伤害植物，可见对植物有好处，可以促进植物生长。故C选项“相反，它可以 促进某些植物的生长符合语境，应选C。【19题详解】根据上文 “It can protect your property （房产）from rain damage. Too much rain may damage your home.（它可以保护你的财产免受雨水的破坏。过多的雨水可能会破坏你的家）以及后 文 “This is especially true if your house doesn't have a water collecting system.（如果你的房子 没有集水系统，尤其会这样）可知，本句承接上文就雨水破坏房屋或庭院进行举例，故G 选项“例如，在雨季，暴雨可能会摧毁你的院子符合语境，应选G。【20题详解】根据上文 “You'll help clean natural waterways. Rainwater helps the ground stay clean. But when it runs along rooftops, streets, etc., it collects many pollutants.（你将帮助清洁天然水道。雨水有 助于地面保持清洁。但当它沿着屋顶、街道等运行时，它会收集许多污染物）"以及后文“However, by collecting the water, you can prevent a considerable percentage of the pollutants from reaching the natural waterways in your hometown.（然而，通过收集水，你可以阻止相当 比例的污染物到达你家乡的天然水道）可知，本句承接上文说明结果，指出雨水会收集许 多污染物，导致污水流入自然水道，与后文构成转折，故E选项”由此产生的脏水流入自 然水道符合语境，应选E。第三局部语言知识运用（共两节，总分值30分）第一节完形填空（共15小题;每题1分，总分值15分）阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最正确选项。Raynor Winn and her husband Moth became homeless due to their wrong investment. Their savings had been 21 to pay lawyers9 fees. To make matters worse, Moth was diagnosed （诊断）with a serious disease. There was no 22、only pain relief.Failing to find any other way out, they decided to make a 23 journey, as they caught sight of an old hikers' guide.This was a long journey of unaccustomed hardship and 24 recovery. When leaving home, Raynor and Moth had just £ 320 in the bank. They planned to keep the 25 low by living on boiled noodles, with the occasional hamburger shop treat.Wild camping is 26 in England. The Winns had to get their tent up late and packed it away early in the morning to avoid being caught. They soon discovered that daily hiking in their 50s is a lot 27 than they remember it was in their 20s. Raynor felt itchy （痒）all over and28 a bath. Moth, meanwhile, after an initial struggle, found his symptoms （病症）were strangely 29 by their daily tiring journey.30, the couple found that their bodies turned for the better, with re-found strong muscles that they thought had 31 forever. "Our hair was fried and falling out, nailsbroken, clothes 32 to a thread, but we were alive.During the journey, Raynor began a career as a nature writer. She writes, "33 hadtaken every material thing from me and left me torn bare, an empty page at the end of a（n）written book. It had also given me a choice, either to leave that pageor to keep writing the story with hope. I chose hope.”21. A. torn apartB. given awayC. used upD. set asideA. cureB. fortuneC. demandD. promiseA. busB. trainC. walkingD. cyclingA. predictedB. unexpectedC. frighteningD. upsetting22. A. scheduleB. budgetC. routineD. incomeA. illegalB. practicalC. attractiveD. unpopularA. funnierB. easierC. cheaperD. tougherA. arrangedB. forgotC. desiredD. rejected23. A. developedB. relievedC. confirmedD. recognizedA. FinallyB. HopefullyC. CasuallyD. GenerallyA. gainedB. keptC. recoveredD. lostA. sewnB. washedC. ironedD. worn24. A. DoctorsB. WildernessC. HomelessnessD. LawyersA. wellB. neatlyC. partlyD. initiallyA. lostB. blankC. fullD. available【答案】2LC22. A23. C24. B25. B26. A 27. D 28. C 29. BA31. D32. D33. C34. C35. B【解析】【导语】这是一篇记叙文。雷诺温恩和她的丈夫莫丝因为错误的投资而无家可归，丈夫 莫丝患了绝症，夫妇俩决定去徒步旅行，却意外地获得了健康，雷诺也开始了自然作家的 职业生涯。21题详解】考查动词短语辨析。句意:他们的积蓄已经用来支付律师费了。A.tornapart撕碎；B. given away 赠送；C. used up 用光；D. set aside 留出。根据前文 uRaynor Winn and her husband Moth became homeless due to their wrong investment.z，（雷诺温恩和她的丈夫莫丝因 为错误的投资而无家可归。）可知，他们的积蓄都用光了。应选C。【22题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：无法治愈，只能减轻疼痛。A. cure治愈，治疗；B. fortune运 气；C. demand要求；D. promise承诺。根据“only pain relief"可知，此处是指没有治愈方 法。应选A。【23题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：由于找不到其他出路，他们决定徒步旅行，因为他们看到了一 位年老的徒步向导。A. bus公交车；B. train火车；C.walking步行;D. cycling骑自行车。 根据"as they caught sight of an old hikers'guide”可知，此处是指他们决定徒步旅行。应选 Co【24题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这是一段漫长的旅程，经历了不习惯的艰苦和意外的恢复。A. predicted 预计的;B. unexpected 意外的;C. frightening 可怕的;D. upsetting 令人心烦意 乱的。根据前文“There was no cure, only pain relief."可知，此处是指意外的恢复。应选Bo25题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：为了节省开支，他们打算只吃煮面条，偶尔去汉堡店吃一顿。A. schedule 方案（表）,进度表；B. budget 预算；C. routine 常规，惯例；D. income 收入。 根据 uby living on boiled noodles, with the occasional hamburger shop treat,z 可知,此处是指 保持低的预算。应选B。【26题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：野外露营在英国是违法的。A. illegal违法的；B. practical实 际的；Cattractive有吸引力的;D.unpopular不流行的。根据后文“The Winns had to get their tent up late and packed it away early in the morning to avoid being caught."（温恩夫妇不得 不很晚才把帐篷搭好，一大早就把它收拾好，以免被逮住。）可知，野外露营在英国是违法 的。应选A。【27题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：他们很快发现，50多岁的时候每天徒步旅行要比20多岁的 时候艰难得多。A. funnier更有趣的；B. easier更容易的；C.che叩er更廉价的；D. tougher 更艰难的。根据后文“by their daily tiring journey （通过他们每天疲惫的旅程）可知，此处 是指50多岁的时候每天徒步旅行要比20多岁的时候艰难得多。应选Do28题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：雷诺浑身发痒，想洗个澡。A. arranged安排；B. forgot忘记； C. desired 想要；D. rejected 拒绝。根据 u Raynor felt itchy （痒）all over”可知，此处是指想 洗个澡。应选C。【29题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：与此同时，莫丝在最初的挣扎之后，发现自己的病症在每天疲 惫的旅途中奇怪地减轻了。A. developed开展；B.relieved缓解，减轻；C.confirmed证 实，证明；D. recognized 认识，区分出。根据前文 “This was a long journey of unaccustomed hardship and unexpected recovery.可知，此处是指病症在每天疲惫的旅途中奇怪地减轻 T o应选Bo【30题详解】考查副词词义辨析。句意：最后，这对夫妇发现他们的身体开始好转，重新找回了他们认 为永远失去的强壮肌肉。A. Finally最后；B. Hopefully充满希望地；C.Casually随意地； D. Generally 大致上。 根据 “ the couple found that their bodies turned for the better, with refound strong muscles,可知，此处是指最后这对夫妇发现他们的身体开始好转。应选A。【31题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：最后，这对夫妇发现他们的身体开始好转，重新找回了他们认 为永远失去的强壮肌肉。A. gained获得；B.kept保持；C.recovered恢复；D.lost失去。根 据“re-found strong muscles”可知，此处是指原以为永远失去的强壮肌肉。应选D。【32题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：我们的头发烧焦脱落，指甲折断，衣服破得只剩一根线，但我 们还活着。A. sewn缝纫，缝上；B. washed清洗；C.ironed熨，烫；D. worn磨损。根据“to a thread"可知，此处是指衣服破得只剩一根线。应选D。【33题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：无家可归夺走了我的一切物质上的东西，让我变得一无所有， 就像一本半途而废的书末尾的一页空白。A. Doctors医生；B. Wilderness未开发的地区，荒 野；C. Homelessness 无家可归；D. Lawyers 律师。根据后文 had taken every material thing from me and left me tom bare,z 和 “It had also given me a choice（这也给了我一个选择）可 知，此处是指无家可归夺走了一切物质上的东西。应选C。【34题详解】考查副词词义辨析。句意：无家可归夺走了我的一切物质上的东西，让我变得一无所有， 就像一本半途而废的书末尾的一页空白。A. well顺利地；B. neatly整齐地；C. partly局部 地；D. initially开始，最初。根据“an empty page"可知,此处是指一本半途而废的书。应 选C。【35题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这也给了我一个选择，要么让那一页空白，要么带着希望继 续写这个故事。A. lost迷失的;B. blank空白的；C.写H充满的;D.available可获得的。根 据“or to keep writing the story with hope"可知，此处是指要么让那一页空白。应选B。第二节语法填空（共10小题;每题1.5分，总分值15分）语法填空With the recent relaxation in travel restrictions, I found myself 36 （visit） Innsbruck, the capital city of the state of Tyrol in Western Austria.The destination within snow-capped mountains is perfect for a short break. Even the approach 37 Innsbruck Airport by air is a breathtaking sight as the plane 38 (gentle) moves between the mountains on its journey to the runway.The city is like an artistic 39 (compose) of modem architecture and historic buildings serving both as a university town and a tourist center. Weaving my way throughcobbled streets and well-designed buildings, I was impressed by this stunning city 40 was the Imperial capital 500 years ago, when the Holy Roman Emperor Maximilian I lived here, and it still lives up to 41 (it) royal connections today with the unique architecture.I wandered round this small city, 42 (amaze) at the dramatic backdrop of the Nordkette mountain which offers skiing and hiking near the downtown. The Goldenes Dachl,43 significant landmark in Innsbruck with its 2,657 golden copper tiles(瓦片)that shine in the sunlight, took my breath away.Innsbruck 44 (steal) my heart with the stunning architecture, majestic mountains and friendly people on this tour. I couldn't wait to return 45(explore) more of thisdelightful European city.【答案】36. visiting37. to 38. gentlycompositionwhich#that39. its 42. amazed43. a 44. stole45. to explore【解析】【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。主要表达了作者去Innsbruck旅行的所见所闻。【36题详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：随着最近旅行限制 放松，我来到了奥地利西部蒂罗尔州首府因 斯布鲁克。分析句子可知，此处此题主要考查"find 4-宾语+宾语补足语结构。myself 和visit是主动关系，应用现在分词作宾补。故正确答案为visitingo【37题详解】 考查介词。句意：当飞机在通往跑道的旅途中缓慢地在山间移动时，即使是乘坐飞机前往 因斯布鲁克机场也是一道令人叹为观止的风景。the approach to意为"的途径。故 正确答案为tOo【38题详解】考查副词。句意：当飞机在通往跑道的旅途中缓慢地在山间移动时，即使是乘坐飞机前往 因斯布鲁克机场也是一道令人叹为观止的风景。空处修饰动词moves,需用副词形式。故 正确答案为gentlyo【39题详解】考查名词。句意：这座城市是现代建筑和历史建筑的组成，既是大学城又是旅游中心。根 据上文The city is a可知，此处应填单数名词作表语。故正确答案为composition。【40题详解】考查定语从句。句意：在鹅卵石街道和精心设计的建筑中穿行，这座令人惊叹的城市给我 留下了深刻的印象，500年前，神圣罗马帝国皇帝Maximilian 一世住在这里时，这里曾是 帝国的首都。时至今日，这里独特的建筑依然保持着与皇室的联系。空格处为定语从句中 的引导词，在定语从句中作主语代指先行词city,可用that或者whicho故正确答案为 that /which o41题详解】考查形容词性物主代词。句意：在鹅卵石街道和精心设计的建筑中穿行，这这座令人惊叹 的城市给我留下了深刻的印象，500年前，神圣罗马帝国皇帝Maximilian 一世住在这里 时，这里曾是帝国的首都。时至今日，这里独特的建筑依然保持着与皇室的联系。分析句 子可知，空格处应填形容词性物主代词作royal connections的定语。故正确答案为its。【42题详解】考查形容词。句意：我在这座小城漫步，惊讶于诺德科特山引人注目的背景，它在市中心 附近提供滑雪和徒步旅行。分析句子可知，本句为形容词作状语，表示主语I的状态。故 正确答案为amazedo【43题详解】 考查冠词。句意：Goldenes Dachl是因斯布鲁克的一个重要地标，它有2657块金色的铜砖，在阳光下闪闪发光，让我神魂颠倒。landmark为可数名词，此处表示泛指，landmark judges. This includes relatives, friends, and other students.5. Students must be in attendance at school in ord