2021年高考英语真题和模拟题分类汇编专题17阅读理解七选五【含答案】.docx

专题17阅读理解说明类 七选五I、2021年高考真题试卷(全国甲卷阅读理解七选五)Swap, Don' t shop!You keep hearing about recycling, right? But it doesn't end with bottles, cans, and paper. Clothing takes a huge amount of natural resources (资源)to make, and buying loads of new clothing (or throwing out old clothing) is not healthy for the environment. So what to do wi th al 1 those perfect!y-good-but-you, re-maybe-a-1i ttle-sick-of-them clothes pi led on your bedroom floor? 16. It's the best way to get rid of yourused clothes, score clothes from your friends, and have a party all at the same time.A successful s on the selection of clothes, the organization of the event, and, obviously, how much fun is had. It, s really easy to do! Here are a few pointers.Invite 5-10 people so you have a nice selection. 17, and there maynot be enough things to choose from; more than that, and it becomes uncontrollable. 18. They should also prepare plenty of reusable bags to carry their"new" clothes home.room.erent types of clothing on different surfaces in the room. 19Place a few mirrors around your room so people can see how things look when they try them on. One of the ground rules of the s be that everyone must try on the clothes before they take them-things always look different when you put them on. Set a starting time. Maybe you say “go, " or turn on a certain song, or whatever.2(). And don't forget to put out some cookies and fruits. Remember, it's aparty!A Less people than thatHold a clothing swapB. If two people are competingJust keep music playing throughoutC. Donate whatever clothes are left overHave everyone put their clothes in the right spots 果你不理解它，这个概念就行不通）”是举例说明他国人收到中文明信片时的问题。选项F “Similarly, if you speak only Chinese, receiving a card written in Swedish takes part of the fun away.（同样地，如果你只会说中文，收到瑞典语的卡片也会夺走一部分乐 趣）”是举例说明中国人收到他国语言明信片时也会遇到相同的问题。两句相结合，符合结论 句的语义要求，故选F项。.上文“Many people in China have limited exposure to English.（许多中国人很少能 接触到英语）”说明对某些人来说学习英语的门槛较高。结合下文”. who actually improved their English skills through their use of postcrossing.（他们实际上通过使 用明信片来提高他们的英语技能）”可知,写明信片成为一种练习英语的渠道。因此选项B “这 使得学习和练习它变得格外困难”符合语境要求，说明对一些人来说学习和练习英语的难度 较高，因为渠道较少。故选B项。II、2021年高考模拟试题（诸暨市5月模拟七选五）An American study of 10, 000 students found that if you make more friends than the average person at school, you' 11 receive a higher salary in later life. People need good social skills at work to work in a team successfully. 11On average, teenagers aged between 15 and 17 have 500 "friends“ on their favori te social networking sites. Adults have 130. So if you believe this research, you might be very rich.12 Dunbar, a professor from the University of Oxford, studied the number of messages between users of a popular social networking website, each of whom had between 200 and 2, 000_fricnds. He found that they always communicate with a maximum of 150 people.Among these 150, around 5 people are close friends. 13 They are probably old friends and you share all your good and bad experiences with them. Then there are 10 more friends. Although they* re close to you, you may not keep in touch with them every week. Next there are 35 people who you might spend time with because of a shared interest. 14 You see or speak to these people at least once a year, but you don' t know them well. Beyond this number, Dunbar says, it' s impossible to make any relationship meaningful.If you have a lot of online “friends" ， try this experiment: First take away anyone you haven, t been in touch with for a year. Then remove those you cannot remember and, finally, take away friends who you wou1dn* t mind losing touch vi th. How many have you left? How many of these people are actueilly good friends? 15 A. You are not close to them.B. And finally, thereJ s a large group of 100.C. You* ve most likely known them for long.D. However, it probably won' t make any difference.E. These are the same ski Ils we use to make friends at school.F. They' ve found that having good friends can help you 1ive longer.G. According to the research, these are the only people that really matter.11. E 12. D 13. C 14. B 15. G这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲了美国一项针对1万名学生的研究发现，如果你在学校里交的 朋友比一般人多，你以后的收入就会更高。然而，牛津大学的教授Dunbar研究发现朋友的 多少可能不会造成什么不同。11 .根据上文"An American study of 10, ()00 students found that i f you make more friends than the average person at school, you' 11 receive a higher salary in later life. People need good social skills at work to work in a team successfully. w (美国一 项针对1万名学生的研究发现，如果你在学校里交的朋友比一般人多，你以后的收入就会更 高。人们在工作中需要良好的社交技巧才能在团队中成功工作)可知美国一项研究表明在学 校里交朋友的数量与今后的收入有关，工作中也需要良好的社交技巧。该空承接上文，指出 其中的原因,E选项“这些都是我们在学校里用来交朋友的技能”切题，其中，选项中的skills 对应上文中的skills,故选E。12 .根据下文 uDunbar, a professor from the University of Oxford, studied the number of messages between users of a popular social networking website, each of whom had between 200 and 2, 000_friends. He found that they always communicate with a maximum of 150 people."（Dunbar是牛津大学的教授，他研究了一个流行社交网站用户之间的信息 数量，这些用户每个人都有200到2000个朋友。他发现他们最多只能和150人交流）可知 一项研究表明社交网站用户的朋友的数量似乎没有什么实质性的影响。该空引出下文，D选项“然而，这可能不会有什么不同”切题，故选D。13 .根据上文“Among these 150, around 5 people are close friends. w （在这 150 人中， 大约有5人是亲密的朋友）可知这里引出了亲密朋友这个话题。根据下文“They are probably old friends and you share all your good and bad experiences with them." （他们可 能是老朋友，你和他们分享你所有的好和坏的经历）可知这里具体说明了什么样的人称得上 是亲密朋友。该空承上启下，也在说明什么样的人称得上是亲密朋友，C选项“你很可能已经 认识他们很久了”切题，其中,选项中的“them”指代上文中的close friends,故选他.根据上文 “Then there are 10 more friends. Although they' re close to you, you may not keep in touch with them every week. Next there are 35 people who you might spend time with because of a shared interest. M （然后还有10个朋友。虽然他们和你很亲近, 但你可能不会每周都和他们保持联系。接下来是35个你可能会因为共同的兴趣而与之共度 时光的人）可知这里依次列举了不同亲密程度的朋友。该空承接上文，列出其中的一类朋友， B选项“最后，还有一个100人的大团体”切题，其中，选项中的“finally”与上文中的“Then”和“Next”相呼应,故选B。14 .根据上文“If you have a lot of online "friends”，try this experiment: First take away anyone you haven * t been in touch with for a year. Then remove those you cannot remember and, finally, take away friends who you vouldn, t mind losing touch with. How many have you left? How many of these people are actually good friends?" （如 果你在网上有很多“朋友”，那就试着做这样一个实验:首先带走那些一年没联系的朋友。然 后删除那些你不记得的，最后，带走那些你不介意失去联系的朋友。你还剩多少？这些人中 有多少是真正的好朋友？）可知这里具体介绍了这个实验的过程，该空承接上文，说明这个 试验的结果，G选项“根据研究，这些人才是真正重要的人”切题，其中，选项中的“these” 指代上文中“经过层层筛选，剩下的朋友”，故选（；。（成都三诊-七选五）It can be very easy to stick with what you know, instead of trying to meet people who are different from you. 16 Here's what you can do:Become self-aware. 17 This includes biases（偏见）about your own cultural background. It can be confronting, but by doing this you'11 be able to think about how these traits might impact on your approach to and understanding of differences. You could try: Think about what assumptions you make about your friends, peers, and people you work with.Talk to someone from a di Tferent cul tural background. Try and get to know someone from a different cultural background better. 18 You'11 automatically find out more about their life and experiences. Just being curious and open-minded can be helpful.Be more accepting. Sometimes, for one reason or another, it's not all that easy to understand some cultural differences. 19 In other words, you don t have to understand, or even agree with, someone in order to accept them.2（） One of the biggest difficulties to overcome in understanding cultural differences is making judgments based on one opinion. You should do some research to actually learn about people, instead of making broad-brush assessments. Stereotyping（模式化）people from different cultural backgrounds can impact their quality of life and opportunities.A. Do your own research.B. Think beyond stereotypes.C. Practice being sympathetic towards people.D. Work out your own beliefs, values and personal biases.E. Instead of asking them questions directly, treat them as friends.F. And the best approach is to acknowledge people are different and to accept that's okay.G. However, trying to understand people from other countries can help you experience more.16. G 17. I） 18. E 19. E 20. B这是一篇说明文。试着去理解来自其他国家的人可以帮助你体验更多，文章对如何理解和接 受不同文化背景的人提出了建议。16 .前文“It can be very easy to stick with what you know, instead of trying to meet people who are different from you.（坚持你所知道的，而不是去结识与你不同的人， 这很容易。）和选项 G 中的 “trying to understand people from other countries can help you experience more"（试着去了解来自其他国家的人可以帮助你体验更多）构成转折关系， 对应选项G中的however,所以选项G （然而，试着去理解来自其他国家的人可以帮助你体验 更多。）切合文意。故选G。17 .根据后文“This includes biases（偏见）about your own cultural background. n （这 包括对自己文化背景的偏见。）和前文“Become self-aware."（有自我认知）可知，此处是 指对自己的文化背景、偏见等有清醒的认知，并解决它们，所以选项D （解决自己的信念、价 值观和个人偏见。）切合文意。故选D。18 .根据前文“Talk to someone from a different cultural background. n （和来自不同 文化背景的人交谈。）可知，此处是讲和来自不同文化背景的人交谈，所以选项E （不要直接 问他们问题，把他们当成朋友。）切合文意。故选E。19 .根据前文“Be more accepting. "（更加有包容性）可知，此处是讲对于不同要有包容性， 所以选项F （最好的方法是承认人们是不同的，并接受这一点。）切合文意。故选F。20 .根据后文“Stereotyping（模式化）people from different cultural backgrounds can impact their quality of life and opportunities. M （对来自不同文化背景的人形成成见 会影响他们的生活质量和机会。）可知，此处是指要跳出模式化来思考，所以选项B （超越刻 板印象。）切合文意。故选B。（台州市4月调考七选五）What are the things that scare you: snakes, spiders or fierce tigers? Or maybe you have a fear of heights or visiting the dentist. Although some of us just get scared or a bit nervous about these things, for others it can cause an unreasonable reaction that can, t be controlIcd-somcthing wc call a phobia （恐惧症）.11Sometimes it, s good to be aware of the possible dangers from things. Our brain warns us of the risks that might lie ahead, but then we often get prepared and overcome them. Clinical psychologist Warren Mansell told the BBC, “Our fears are rooted in our brains-we don' t need to learn to be afraid of animals like snakes or spiders. v 12 With a phobia, your breathing gets quicker, your pulse speeds up, you sweat and your brain is unable to control these reactions.13 Speaking to the BBC, Lauren Rosenberg, a fear and phobia expert, says, uPhobias usually are a copy behaviour from a higher authority, like a parent or teacher, or a kind of mental suffering from a past event that comes back to trouble you continuously. ndoctors.different complex phobias some people suffer from, such as agoraphobia-caused by being away from home, and iatrophobia-fear of doctors.M worse.理治疗）is one choice, where you gradually getused to whatever it is you fear. Lauren Rosenburg says she likes to work with people to clear their bad memory and help them breathe. But if you do have a phobia, continually trying to avoid what you, re afraid of by yourself is likely to make the situation worse. 15A. Then how can they be overcome?B. But where does a phobia come from?C. But phobias are stronger than just fears.D. The right thing to do is to find help to overcome it.E. Overcoming a phobia can take patience devotion and courage.F. Are there any phobias that tend to be more common than others?G. It occurs when someone develops an unrealistic sense of danger about a situation or object.11 . G 12. C 13. B 14. A 15. D这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了恐惧症的定义、来源和克服的方法。1L 根据后文 uSometimes it's good to be aware of the possible dangers from things. Our brain warns us of the risks that might lie ahead, but then we often get prepared and overcome them. "（有时候意识到事物的潜在危险是件好事。我们的大脑会警告我们前 方可能存在的风险，但我们通常会有所准备并克服它们。）可知，此处是指对潜在危险产生意 识，而此时危险尚未发生，所以选项G （当某人对某种情况或物体产生一种不现实的危险感时， 就会出现这种情况。）切合文意。故选G。12 .前文 MOur fears are rooted in our brains-we don't need to learn to be afraid ofanimals like snakes or spiders. "（我们的恐惧根植于我们的大脑我们不需要学会害怕像蛇或蜘蛛这样的动物。）中提到fears,后文“With a phobia, your breathing gets quicker, your pulse speeds up, you sweat and your brain is unable to control these reactions. w （患有恐惧症，你的呼吸会变快，脉搏加快，出汗，你的大脑无法控制这些反 应。）中提到phobia,所以选项C （但是恐惧症比恐惧更强烈。）比较这二者，所以切合文意。 故选C.根据后文 “Phobias usual ly are a copy behaviour from a higher authority, 1 ike a parent or teacher, or a kind of mental suffering from a past event that comes back to trouble you continuously.（恐惧症通常是一种来自上级（如父母或老师）的复制行为，或者是一种过去事件的精神折磨，它会不断回来困扰你。）可知，此处是讲恐惧症的来源，所 以选项B （但是恐惧症是从哪里来的呢？）切合文意。故选B。13 .根据后文“Therapy （心理治疗）is one choice, where you gradually get used to whatever it is you fear."（心理治疗是一种选择，你可以逐渐习惯你所恐惧的东西。）可 知，此处是指如何克服恐惧症。所以选项A （那么怎样才能克服它们呢？）切合文意。故选A。14 .根据前文 “But if you do have a phobici, continually trying to avoid what you* re afraid of by yourself is likely to make the situation worse"（但如果你确实有恐惧 症，不断地试图避开你自己害怕的东西只会让情况变得更糟）可知，此处是讲不断地试图避 开你自己害怕的东西是错的，选项D （正确的做法是寻求帮助来克服它。）又讲出正确的做法, 所以切合文意。故选D。（北京市3月综合能力测试-七选五）The Flynn Effect1950s. effect, first described in the 1980sby researcher James Flynn, refers to the finding that scores on IQ tests have increased in the past century. One research paper, published by psychologist Lisa Trahan and her colleagues, combined the results of other published studies and found that IQ scores have indeed increased since the 1950s.35 Trahan and her col leagues observed, “The existence of the Flynn effectis rarely disputed.36 One explanation has to do with improvements in health and nutrition.For example, the past century has seen a decrease in smoking and alcohol use in pregnancy, improvements in the prevention and treatment of infectious diseases, and improvements in nutrition. As Scott Barry Kaufman writes for Psychology Today, “The Flynn effect serves as a reminder that when wc give people more opportunities to prosper, more people do prosper. w37 In a TED talk, Flynn explains that the world today is “a world where we've had to develop new mental habits, new habits of mind. " Flynn has found that IQ scores have increased the most rapidly on questions that ask us to find similarities between different things, and more abstract types of problem sol ving, both of which are things that we need to do more of in the modem wor1d.something.have boon brought up to explain why modern society might lead to higher scores on IQ tests. For example, today, many more of us have demanding, intellectually rigorous jobs. Schools have also changed： whereas a test at school in the early 1900s might have been more focused on memorization, a recent test might be more likely to focus on explaining the reasons for something. 38 Family sizes tend to be smaller, and it has been suggested that this may allow children to pick up on new vocabulary words while interacting with their parents. I's even been suggested that the entertainment we consume is more complex today. 39Therefore, both the education we receive and the society we live in shape our IQ in a way that we cannot imagine.A. In other words, there is a lot about IQ that we may not know yet.B. Another explanation for the Flynn effect has to do with societal changes C. Researchers have put forward several theories to explain the Flynn effect. I). Trying to understand and anticipate plot points may actual 1 y be making us smarter. E. Although there have been exceptions, IQ scores have generally increased over time. F. Additionally, more people today are likely to finish high school and go o