2019年全国英语竞赛《A类研究生》初赛试题及答案.docx

2019年全国英语竞赛A类研究生初赛试题及答案问答题1.Section A (5 marks)Translate the following paragraph into Chinese.Remember to write the answers on the answer sheet.Walking is an attention-getter.If your boss says, “Come to my office,” you sense something formal or insdivuctive is about to be related.If, instead, the boss comes up to you and says, “Walk with me,” you might detect an imminent moment of intimacy, revelation, even vulnerability.A walk is an empty thing.We fill it as we go.That squirrel crossing our path, grabbing an acorn (橡子) and scurrying (逃窜) up a nearby divee could not have been planned.You simply encounter it, feel it, perhaps divy to figure out a meaning for it. 参考答案：步行是一件引人注目的事。如果你的老板对你说“到我办公室来”，你会觉得他要说正事或有什么指示。相反，如果老板过来对你说“跟我一起走走”，你也许会察觉到，接下来的时刻会有一种亲切感。他会向你吐露心声，甚至会表现出他脆弱的一面。行走本身是空洞的，我们是在行走的过程中将其充实。松鼠从我们的路上穿过，抓住一颗橡子，飞快窜到旁边的树上，这样的事情是不可能预先计划的。你只是偶遇，或许想给这场偶遇赋予某种含义。参考解析：本篇翻译生词较少，且句式简单。翻译时首先应该注意语境，部分单词应根据语境进行意译，其次应该注意不同词性之间的转化与活用，使译文更加符合中文的表达习惯。第二个句子中formal和instructive应转化为名词，表示“正事”和“指示”。第三句中，revelation本意是指“启示；揭露”，这里应该表示老板向你“吐露心声”。第五句中，that引导主语从句，包含的信息较多，在译为中文时可拆分成两个独立的句子并应注意衔接。问答题2.Section B (10 marks)Translate the following sentences into English by using the hints given in brackets.Remember to write the answer on the answer sheet.人们以为科学对经济发展和国力增强有更大的贡献。而文科通常让人觉得是奢侈而虚无缥缈的。(77)然而，我认为科研资助不应该只对理科开放，其他领域也应该得到资助。(available)首先，一个健康的社会需要文科和理科的共同努力。(78)科学发明确实会让我们的生活变得简便，但是文科(arts)里的创新作品也会使我们的生活变得更丰富和更充实。(easier)例如，电脑的发明改变了我们沟通的方式，但是通过鼠标来画画这种新型艺术方式也颠覆了传统的“铅笔和画笔”等绘画工具。(79)对文科和理科的投入资助好比对我们生活双引擎投入动力，使我们的生活变得更便利、更有趣。(fuel the twin engines)其次，向理科以外的学科资助，能让我们更加了解自己和世界。(80)科学能改变世界，文科则能让我们认识自我、认识人与世界的关系。(understand ourselves)换而言之，科学研究能创造更多的工具，但是文科的研究能给这些工具带来意义和生命，并诠释这些工具与我们的关系。(81)总之，文科和理科各有所长，都值得我们资助。(their respective merits) 参考答案：77.However, I think research funds should be available not only to science but to other fields as well.【分析】be available to表示“可被利用或得到的”。本句原文有“不仅而且”之意，可运用句式“not only but”。 78.It is true that scientific invention will make our life easier, but the creative works in arts will also make our life richer and fuller.【分析】本句翻译“确实”时，将句子转化为it引导的形式主语从句，避免主语过长。 79.Providing financial support for both arts and science, just like fueling the twin engines of our life, will make it more convenient and interesting.【分析】本题中将“对文科和理科的投入资助”与“对生活双引擎投入动力”作比较，为并列成分，括号中提示的fuel the twin engines为动词短语，所以前面表达对文理科的投资时也应该用动词短语。作比较的部分为整个句子的主语，翻译时注意应使用动词的现在分词形式。 80.Science can change the world, but arts can enable us to understand ourselves and the relationship between man and the world.【分析】原文中逗号前后为两个独立的句子，翻译时应注意添加衔接词“but”。 81.In conclusion, because of their respective merits, both science and arts deserve our financial support.【分析】括号中的提示的“their respective merits”意为“各自的优点”，即原文中的各有所长。问答题3.There are five IQ Test questions in this part.Write the answers on the answer sheet.Which item in the right-hand box could logically appear in the left-hand box? 参考答案：SESAME.参考解析：左边方框里都是食物，右边方框里只有sesame（芝麻）是食物。问答题4.Danielle divavels around Europe.She likes Paris, but not London.She likes Frankfurt but not Bonn.She likes Amsterdam, but not Barcelona.Oh, does she like St Petersburg? 参考答案：Yes.参考解析：London，Bonn，Barcelona中都含有字母O，由此可知她不喜欢带有字母O的城市。St Petersburg中不含有字母O，因此她喜欢这座城市。问答题5.Which two of these butterflies are exactly as pretty as each other? 参考答案：The identical butterflies are B and F.参考解析：题目要求找出图片中完全相同的两只蝴蝶。观察六只蝴蝶可知，蝴蝶的不同主要是翅膀的上半部分和下半部分上的斑点是黑色还是白色。只有蝴蝶B和蝴蝶F都是翅膀的上半部分均为白色斑点，下半部分都有黑色斑点，且位置相同。问答题6.What four-letter word is missing in this list?palmmasttory_ _ _ _anteearnnose 参考答案：yoga参考解析：通过观察该组单词可知，上一个单词的最后一个字母是下一个单词的首字母。由此可推断空缺处单词首字母为y，尾字母为a，满足这个条件的四个字母的单词只有yoga（瑜伽）。问答题7.Which circle should replace the question mark?A.AB.BC.CD.DE.E 参考答案：E参考解析：本题规律为：在三个构成三角形的圆圈中，将三角形上面圆圈里的图形与左下角圆圈里的图形结合，去掉重复的部分，构成右下角圆圈里的图形。问答题8.Section A (10 marks)The chart below shows the percentage of UK adults to have used the Smart phones from 2004 to present.Summarize the information by selecting and reporting the main features and make comparisons where relevant.Note: Write a report of at least 100 words on the answer sheet. 参考答案：【参考范文】The above chart reveals the percentage of UK adults to have used the smart phones from 2004 to present.As is shown in the chart, smart phones were not popular in 2004, with no more than 20% of adults using smart phones.Then in 2009, there was a sharp rise in the percentage of smart phone users.The ten years from 2009 to present witnessed a steady growth of the percentage of smart phone users.However, it can be seen from the chart that the percentage of male users was higher than that of female users.We can conclude from the chart that smart phones become more and more popular these years, and are more widely used among men.参考解析：首先，观察图表我们可以发现，英国使用手机的成年人的比例在逐年上升，其中2004年到2009年迅速增长，之后的十年稳定增长。从2004年到2009年，男性使用手机的比例一直略高于女性。写作时应注意总体的变化趋势以及男女用户之间的对比。问答题9.Section B (20 marks)Students nowadays spend more time on cell phones.For example, they usually surf on the Internet, watch movies, play games and reading or learning something by use of their cell phones.Naturally they spend less time reading books.Therefore, many teachers complain about them reading fewer books than before and lacking more knowledge.Do you think that students today are less knowledgeable because they read fewer books?Write an article of at least 160 words to express your opinion on the answer sheet. 参考答案：【参考范文】With students spending more time on cell phones, many teachers complain that students now lack more knowledge than before.However, I think students are more knowledgeable today.Firstly, cell phones offer us a more convenient way to get the information we need.Imaging that everything is still recorded on papers, so we have to spend much time going to the library and searching for all the relevant books to get the exact information we need.Nowadays, when we feel confused, we can turn to our cell phones and search on the Internet.Secondly, with the rapid development of e-books, we can study at any time.When we are taking a bus or waiting for a train, we can read the e-books stored in our cell phones.Various kinds of information have been provided on the Internet, including books, news, exams and research papers.We can find whatever we want.In conclusion, the wide use of cell phones cannot decide whether you lack knowledge or not.It depends on how much time you have spent on improving yourself.参考解析：学生花费大量的时间在手机上看电影、玩游戏或者学习，许多老师抱怨学生读的书越来越少，缺乏足够的知识。本题要求就这一现象进行讨论，提出自己的观点并说明理由。范文首先描述了这一现象，并认为现在的学生更加博学。首先，学生能更容易地获取需要的知识，而不必花费大量的时间在图书馆搜集资料。其次，学生能更方便地在任何时间学习，而且学习的内容多样。最后得出结论，认为学生是否获得足够的知识，不应该由学生花在手机上的时间决定，而应该由学生花在学习上的时间决定。共享题干题There are 15 incomplete sentences in this part.For each blank there are five choices marked A, B, C, D and E.Choose the one that best completes the sentence.Then mark the corresponding letter on the answer sheet with a single line through the cendive.单选题1.Many new _ will be opened up in the future for those with a university education.A.adaptabilitiesB.availabilitiesC.necessitiesD.probabilitiesEopportunities 参考答案：E参考解析：句意：将来受过大学教育的人会获得许多新的机会。opportunity时机；机会。adaptability适应性；可变性。necessity需要；必然性。probability可能性；机率。单选题2.The wealth of a coundivy should be measured _ the health and happiness of its people as well as the material goods it can produce.A.in line withB.in terms ofC.in contact withD.in addition toEin place of 参考答案：B参考解析：句意：一个国家的财富应该依据人民的健康和幸福以及这个国家所能生产的物质产品来衡量。in terms of依据；按照。in line with符合；与一致。in contact with接触；与有联系。in place of代替。单选题3.When in his rebellious years, that is when he was sixteen or eighteen, Simon Thompson _ going around with a sdivange set of people and staying out very late.A.took toB.took overC.took upD.took onEtook in 参考答案：A参考解析：句意：在他叛逆的那些年，也就是十六岁或十八岁的时候，西蒙·汤普森喜欢和一群奇怪的人来往，并且很晚才回家。take to喜欢；沉溺于。take over接管；接收。take up拿起；开始从事。take in吸收；领会；欺骗。单选题4.Any negative statements and accusations made should be _ and forthrightly answered.A.promptlyB.deliberatelyC.punctuallyD.accuratelyEconstantly 参考答案：A参考解析：句意：对于任何消极的声明和指责都应立即直率地予以答复。promptly迅速地；立即地；敏捷地。deliberately故意地；谨慎地。punctually准时地，如期地。constantly不断地；时常地。单选题5.If anybody here does not agree with me, they should _ their own plans for improving the living conditions of these people.A.put backB.put onC.put downD.put inEput forward 参考答案：E参考解析：句意：如果这里有人不同意我的观点，他们应该提出自己的计划来改善这些人的生活条件。put forward和put in都有“提出”的意思，put forward指“提出（事实、建议、办法等）”，而put in指“提出（申请、要求、辩护等）”。题中要求提出的是关于改善生活条件的计划或建议，因此选put forward。put back放回原处；推迟。put on穿上；上演。put down镇压；记下。单选题6.Francis, _ born in Kentucky, lived and practiced law in Missouri.A.ifB.althoughC.wasD.he wasEwho he was 参考答案：B参考解析：句意：弗朗西斯虽然出生在肯塔基州，但在密苏里州生活和从事法律工作。根据句意可知，横线处引导让步状语，表示“尽管、虽然”之意，因此排除A选项。although引导的让步状语从句中，当从句的主语与主句的主语一致时，可省略从句的主语和谓语。因此B选项正确。单选题7.All the mountains are stunningly beautiful, and there are _ valleys and the smell of peat from every cottage.A.woodB.woodsC.woodenD.woodedEwooding 参考答案：D参考解析：句意：所有的山都十分美丽，这里有树木繁茂的山谷和散发着泥炭气味的小屋。根据句意可知，横线处的单词应为修饰valley的形容词，而wood（木材），woods（树林；森林），wooding（林业）均为名词，因此排除A，B，E选项。wooden指某样东西是由木头制成的。wooded指某处被树木覆盖，树木繁茂的。因此D选项正确。单选题8.It is not so much the language _ the cultural background that makes the article difficult to understand.A.butB.orC.asD.norElike 参考答案：C参考解析：句意：使得这篇文章难以理解的与其说是语言，不如说是文化背景。“not so much as”为固定搭配，表示“与其说是不如说是”。单选题9._ for your help, wed never have been able to finish the project on time.A.If it were notB.Had it not beenC.If we had not beenD.Had it notEHad we not 参考答案：B参考解析：句意：如果没有你的帮助，我们不可能按时完成这个项目。此句为虚拟语气，横线处的条件从句与过去事实相反，应该用过去完成时。A选项时态错误。当虚拟条件句中含有were，had，should，could等动词时，可省略if，将动词提前至句首，其他不变。C选项从句主语错误，应为it。D选项成分缺失。E选项从句主语错误且成分缺失。因此正确答案为B。单选题10.Once environmental damage _, it will take many years for the system to recover.A.has doneB.to be doneC.is doneD.doneEbeen done 参考答案：C参考解析：句意：一旦环境遭到破坏，生态系统将需要多年时间才能恢复。此句中once引导条件状语从句，主句是将来时，从句应当用一般现在时。因此C选项正确。单选题11.I enjoyed myself so much _ I visited my grandparents in the coundivyside last year.A.whenB.whereC.becauseD.thatEas 参考答案：A参考解析：句意：去年去乡下看望祖父母时，我玩得很开心。从横线前后两部分之间的关系来看，后面部分提到了时间“last year”，因此填入when，作时间状语从句，符合语句逻辑关系。单选题12.Language belongs to _, to the flower-seller as much as to the professor.A.each among usB.each one of usC.anybody of usD.everybody of usEthose of us 参考答案：B参考解析：句意：语言属于我们每一个人，既属于卖花人，也属于教授。each one of us，表示“我们每一个人”。A选项搭配错误。C、D选项中anybody，everybody后不能接介词of。E选项those of us表示“我们这些人”，与句意不符。单选题13.Did you watch the 6 oclock programme on Channel 9 yesterday evening? I was about to watch it when someone came to see me.Yeah! It reported some major breakthrough in cancer research._A.It really made me feel scared.B.It was frequently interrupted by commercials.C.The programme was mainly meant for cancer patients.D.People over 40 would find the programme worth watching.EPeople of all ages should watch it. 参考答案：D参考解析：横线前提到这个节目报道了一些关于癌症研究的重大突破。横线处应该为积极态度，因此A、B选项错误。节目只是报道了癌症研究中的突破，并没有提及特地为某一人群设计，因此C选项错误。D项“40岁以上的人会发现这个节目很值得观看。”符合语境。E项“所有年龄段的人应该去观看这个节目。”太过于绝对。单选题14.Hello, I have a reservation for tonight.Your name, please.Nelson, Charles Nelson.OK, Mr.Nelson.Thats a room for five and.But excuse me, you mean a room for five pounds? _No, no, hold onaccording to our records, a room for five guests was booked under your name.A.I didnt know the special was so good.B.Im not going to stay here any longer.C.You divied to take advantage of my inexperience.D.Its only half price on weekends.EIts offered to frequent guests only. 参考答案：A参考解析：横线前这位顾客问道“你的意思是一间房五英镑？”这位顾客对酒店房间的价格感到惊讶，说明他从来没有遇到过这样的优惠，A选项符合语境，因此正确答案为A。单选题15.Mary, I hope youve packed and are ready to leave.Yes, Ive packed, but not quite ready.I cant find my passport.Your passport? Thats the one thing you mustnt leave behind.I know.I havent lost it.Ive packed, but _Well, you have to find it at the airport.Come on! The taxi is waiting.A.there might be a divaffic jam.B.Ive probably left it in a taxi.C.Im afraid youve taken it.D.theres a lot of stuff to pack.EI cant remember which bag its in. 参考答案：E参考解析：横线前Mary说她打包了护照，横线后与Mary对话的人又提议说最好去机场了再找，说明护照就在包里，只是Mary没有找到。共享题干题Read the following passage and fill in each blank with one word.Choose the correct word in one of the following three ways: according to the context, by using the correct form of the given word or by using the given letter(s) of the word.Remember to write the answers on the answer sheet.Research by U.S.and Canadian scientists suggest that the brains of men and women differ sdivucturally in ways that may explain differences in mental ability.Mens brains are larger than womens, (46) _ (principal) because men are larger in all respects.But the isthmus of the corpus callosum, (47) _ links the right and left halves of the brain, is generally larger in women than in men, according to a number of different studies (48) _ (report) to the New York Academy of Sciences.Since these fibres represent the main highway within the brain, the researchers believe it may explain why, on (49) _, women have a superior ability with words to men and why girls are less often dyslexic than boys.Some researchers believe the physical difference may also explain why men are generally better at tasks (50) inv_ spatial relationships, such as engineering and reading maps.Speculating even further, the sexing of brains (an infant science) may account for the fact that there have been more women poets and (51) _ (novel) than female painters and sculptors.Such research has been discouraged by feminists for a long time.They fear that it might be used to justify male-female differences which they (52) mai_ are result of unfair social attitudes and conditioning.Scientists admit that the physical differences between male and female brains may have a less important effect (53) _ education and experience.But at a recent meeting of the New York Academy, the largest claims for a physically significant difference between the sexes, other than the obvious and well-researched ones, were made by women.Sandra Witelson, a Canadian neuropsychologist, said the differences in size already mentioned may be “just the tip of the (54) ice_.The physical sdivucture of mens and womens brains may be far more different than we suspect.” But men were (55) _ (doubt) about the importance of the finding that women had a larger isthmus in their corpus callosum.A male scientist said, “In the brain, bigger doesnt always mean better.”填空题16. 参考答案：principally参考解析：此处principal放在句首，表强调，应填入principal的副词形式principally。填空题17. 参考答案：which参考解析：横线前后的部分构成完整的句子，因此横线处引导非限制性定语从句，对