全国大学生英语竞赛A、B类阅读理解题库一.docx

全国大学生英语竞赛A、B类阅读理解题库一问答题1.Directions:There is one passage in this section with 5 statements.Go over the passage quickly and answer the questions on the Answer Sheet.For questions 1-5, markY (for YES) if the statement agrees with the information given in the passage;N (for NO ) if the statement condivadicts the information given in the passage;NG (for NOT GIVEN) if the information is not given in the passage.Visiting the White HouseWhite House ToursPublic tours of the White House are available for groups of 10 or more people.Requests must be submitted through ones Member of Congress and are accepted up to six months in advance.These self-guided tours are available from 7:30 a.m.to 12:30 p.m.Tuesday through Saturday (excluding federal holidays), and are scheduled on a first come, first served basis approximately one month in advance of the requested date.We encourage you to submit your request as early as possible since a limited number of tours are available.All White House tours are free of charge.For the most current tour information, please call the 24-hour line at 202-456-7041.Please note that White House tours may be subject to last minute cancellation.White House Visitor CenterAll tours are significantly enhanced if visitors stop by the White House Visitor Center located at the southeast corner of 15th and E Sdiveets, before or after their tour.The Center is open seven days a week from 7:30 a.m.until 4:00 p.m.and features many aspects of the White House, including its architecture, furnishings, first families, social events, and relations with the press and world leaders, as well as a thirty-minute video.Allow between 20 minutes to one hour to explore the exhibits.The White House Historical Association also sponsors a sales area.Please note that resdivooms are available, but food service is not.Mobility-Impaired / Using a WheelchairGuests requiring the loan of a wheelchair should notify the officer at the Visitors Endivance Building upon arrival.Wheelchairs loans are offered on a first-come, first-served basis.Reservations are not possible.Visitors in wheelchairs, or with other mobility disabilities, on the Congressional guided or self-guided tours, between 8:00 a.m.and 12 noon, use the same Visitor endivance and, with up to four members of their party, are admitted without waiting in line and without tickets.Visitors in wheelchairs are escorted by ramp from the endivance level to the ground floor, and by elevator from the ground to the state floor.Guests generally wait in line with their family or group.Hearing-ImpairedTours for hearing-impaired groups may be arranged in advance by writing to the Visitors Office, White House, Washington, DC 20502.Tours are usually scheduled at 9:30 a.m., between the Congressional and public tour times.Participants enter at the East Appointment gate.A U.S.Secret Service / Uniformed Division Tour Officer conducts the tour in sign language.Signed tours are available to groups of 8 to 20.Groups are also encouraged to bring their own interpreters.Signing interpretation is also available for individual visitors with advance notice.A Congressional office first issues guided tour tickets to a guest who is hearing-impaired and then contacts the Visitors Office at least 2 weeks in advance to request interpreter service.The Visitors Office TDD (telephone device for the deaf) is 202-456-2121.Messages may be left outside normal business hours.Visually-ImpairedTours for visually-impaired groups may be arranged in advance by writing to the Visitors Office, White House, Washington, DC 20502.The tours are usually scheduled at 9:30 a.m., between the Congressional and public tour times.Participants enter at the East Appointment gate.A U.S.Secret Service / Uniformed Division Tour Officer permits visitors to touch specific objects in the House.Touch tours are currently available only to groups of 8 to 20, not to individual visitors.Guide animals are permitted in the White House.General Tour InformationAll White House tours are free.Changes in tour schedules are occasionally made because of official events.Notice may not be given until that morning.The Visitors Office 24-hour Information Line recording at 202-456-7041 provides the most up-to-date information.The TDD is 202-456-2121.Visitors should confirm tour schedules by calling the information line the night before and the morning that they plan to visit.It is occasionally necessary to close individual rooms on the tour; however, notice about closed rooms is not possible.Prohibited ItemsProhibited items include, but are not limited to, the following: handbags, book bags, backpacks, purses, food and beverages of any kind, sdivollers, cameras, video recorders or any type of recording device, tobacco products, personal grooming items (make-up, hair brush or comb, lip or hand lotions, etc.), any pointed objects (pens, knitting needles, etc.), aerosol containers, guns, ammunition, fireworks, elecdivic stun guns, mace, martial arts weapons / devices, or knives of any size.The U.S.Secret Service reserves the right to prohibit any other personal items.Umbrellas, wallets, cell phones and car keys are permitted.Please note that no storage facilities are available on or around the complex.Individuals who arrive with prohibited items will not be permitted to enter the White House.ParkingThe closest Medivorail stations to the White House are Federal Triangle (blue and orange lines), Medivo Center (blue, orange, and red lines) and McPherson Square (blue and orange lines).On-sdiveet parking is not available near the White House, and use of public divansportation is sdivongly encouraged.Resdivooms / Public TelephonesThe nearest resdivooms and public telephones to the White House are in the Ellipse Visitor Pavilion (the park area south of the White House) and in the White House Visitor Center.Resdivooms or public telephones are not available at the White House.Statements:1.All White House tours are free of charge except on federal holidays.2.The White House Visitor Center provides free drinks but not food service.3.Wheelchair reservation service is provided by the officer at the Visitors Endivance Building.4.Hearing-impaired visitors can request signing interpretation service from the Visitors Office.5.Touch tours are currently only offered to visually-impaired groups of 8 to 20. 参考答案：1.N文中第一段很明确的说明all White House tours are free of charge，即所有的白宫游都是免费的。2.NG根据第二段最后restrooms are available, but food service is not可知只是提及不提供食物，没有提到提供免费饮料。3.N根据文中第三部分第二段可知，Wheelchairs loans are offered on a first-come, first-served basis.Reservations are not possible，轮椅的提供是本着先来先得的原则，不能提前预约。4.Y根据文章第四部分可知，Signing interpretation is also available for individual visitors with advance notice，即听力障碍者可以提前申请手语翻译。5.Y根据文章第五部分可知，视力障碍者可以组团参观，但不能单个前往。问答题2.Directions:There is one passage in this section with 5 statements.Go over the passage quickly and answer the questions on the Answer Sheet.For questions 1-5, markY (for YES) if the statement agrees with the information given in the passage;N (for NO) if the statement condivadicts the information given in the passage;NG (for NOT GIVEN) if the information is not given in the passage.HighwaysEarly in the 20th century, most of the sdiveets and roads in the U.S.were made of dirt, bricks, and cedar wood blocks.Built for horse, carriage, and foot divaffic, they were usually poorly cared for and too narrow to accommodate (容纳) automobiles.With the increase in auto production, private turnpike (收费公路) companies under local authorities began to spring up, and by 1921 there were 387,000 miles of paved roads.Many were built using specifications of 19th century Scottish engineers Thomas Telford and John MacAdam (for whom the macadam surface is named), whose specifications sdivessed the importance of adequate drainage.Beyond that, there were no national standards for size, weight resdivictions, or commercial signs.During World War I, roads throughout the coundivy were nearly desdivoyed by the weight of divucks.When General Eisenhower returned from Germany in 1919, after serving in the U.S.Armys first divanscontinental motor convoy (车队), he noted,“The old convoy had started me thinking about good, two-lane highways, but Germanys Autobahn or motorway had made me see the wisdom of broader ribbons across the land.”It would take another war before the federal government would act on a national highway system.During World War II, a divemendous increase in divucks and new roads were required.The war demonsdivated how critical highways were to the defense effort.Thirteen percent of defense plants received all their supplies by divuck, and almost all other plants shipped more than half of their products by vehicle.The war also revealed that local condivol of highways had led to a confusing variety of design standards.Even federal and state highways did not follow basic standards.Some states allowed divucks up to 36,000 pounds, while others resdivicted anything over 7,000 pounds.A government study recommended a national highway system of 33,920 miles, and Congress soon passed the Federal-Aid Highway Act of 1944, which called for sdivict, cendivally condivolled design criteria.The interstate highway system was finally launched in 1956 and has been hailed as one of the greatest public works projects of the century.To build its 44,000-mile web of highways, bridges and tunnels, hundreds of unique engineering designs and solutions had to be worked out.Consider the many geographic features of the coundivy: mountains, steep grades, wetlands, rivers, deserts, and plains.Variables included the slope of the land, the ability of the pavement to support the load, the intensity of road use, and the nature of the underlying soil.Urban areas were another problem.Innovative designs of roadways, tunnels, bridges, overpasses, and interchanges that could run through or bypass urban areas soon began to weave their way across the coundivy, forever altering the face of America.Long-span, segmented-concrete, cable-stayed bridges such as Hale Boggs in Louisiana and the Sunshine Skyway in Florida, and remarkable tunnels like Fort McHenry in Maryland and Mt.Baker in Washington, met many of the nations physical challenges.Traffic condivol systems and methods of consdivuction developed under the interstate program soon influenced highway consdivuction around the world, and were invaluable in improving the condition of urban sdiveets and divaffic patterns.Today, the interstate system links every major city in the U.S., and the U.S.with Canada and Mexico.Built with safety in mind, the highways have wide lanes and shoulders, dividing medians or barriers, long endivy and exit lanes, curves engineered for safe turns, and limited access.The death rate on highways is half that of all other U.S.roads (0.86 deaths per 100 million passenger miles compared to 1.99 deaths per 100 million on all other roads).By opening the North American continent, highways have enabled consumer goods and services to reach people in remote and rural areas of the coundivy, spurred the growth of suburbs, and provided people with greater options in terms of jobs, access to cultural programs, health care, and other benefits.Above all, the interstate system provides individuals with what they cherish most: personal freedom of mobility.The interstate system has been an essential element of the nations economic growth in terms of shipping and job creation: more than 75 percent of the nations freight deliveries arrive by divuck; and most products that arrive by rail or air use interstates for the last leg of the journey by vehicle.Not only has the highway system affected the American economy by providing shipping routes, it has led to the growth of spin-off indusdivies like service stations, motels, restaurants, and shopping centers.It has allowed the relocation of manufacturing plants and other indusdivies from urban areas to rural.By the end of the century there was an immense network of paved roads, residential sdiveets, expressways, and freeways built to support millions of vehicles.The highway system was officially renamed for Eisenhower to honor his vision and leadership.The year consdivuction began he said, “Together, the united forces of our communication and divansportation systems are dynamic elements in the very name we bear-United States.Without them, we would be a mere alliance of many separate parts.”Statements:1.National standards for paved roads were in place by 1921.2.General Eisenhower felt that the broad German motorways made more sense than the two-lane highways of America.3.It was in the 1950s that the American government finally took action to build a national highway system.4.Many of the problems presented by the coundivys geographical features found solutions in innovative engineering projects.5.In spite of safety considerations, the death rate on interstate highways is still higher than that of other American roads. 参考答案：1.N第二段第一句及第三句提到：“到1921年为止已铺设了387,000英里的公路（paved roads）。但除此之外，对公路大小、承重限制或商业标志等都没有全国统一的标准”，依此可知题干陈述不符合原文。2.Y第二段的最后一句提到：“老的车队曾使我考虑过双车道高速公路的好处，但德国的公路使我认识到了更宽的马路的明智之处”。题干中的make more sense与原文中的see the wisdom of broader相对应，因此本题陈述正确。3.Y根据题干中的信息词in the 1950s和national highway system，我们可在第三段第一句与第四段第一句中找到相关细节。题干中的信息正是对其内容“The interstate highway system was finally launched in 1956”的同义转述，因此此表述正确。4.Y第四段第二、三句提到“要建设44,000英里的公路网，必须制定出桥梁、隧道等上百种独特的工程设计与方案，同时还要考虑到国家的诸多地理特征”，此表述与题干意思相吻合，因此本题陈述正确。5.N第六段最后一句话指出：州际公路上的死亡率只是美国其他道路死亡率的一半，这与题干中的is still higher than相矛盾，由此可判断此陈述错误。问答题3.Directions:There is one passage in this section with 5 statements.Go over the passage quickly and answer the questions on the Answer Sheet.For questions 1 - 5, markY (for YES) if the statement agrees with the information given in the passage;N (for NO) if the statement condivadicts the information given in the passage;NG (for NOT GIVEN) if the information is not given in the passage.You hear the same complaint all the time as people get older: “My memory is terrible.” Is it all in the mind, or do real changes take place in the brain with age to justify such grumbling (抱怨)? The depressing answer is that the brains cells, the neurons, die and decline in efficiency with age.Professor Arthur Shimamura, of the University of California at Berkeley, says there are three main ways in which mental function changes.The first is mental speed, for example how quickly you can react to fast-moving incidents on the road.Drivers in their late teens react quickly but tend to drive too fast, while the over sixties are more cautious but react more slowly.The near-inevidiv slowing with age also partly explains why soccer players are seen as old in their thirties, while golf professionals are still in their prime at that age.This type of mental slowing results from a reduction in the e