全国大学生英语竞赛A、B类阅读理解题库三.docx

全国大学生英语竞赛A、B类阅读理解题库三问答题24.Directions:In this part there are one passage with five questions.Read the passage carefully, then answer the questions in the fewest possible words (not exceeding 10 words).Questions 1 to 5 are based on the following passage:Centuries ago, man discovered that removing moisture from food helps to preserve it, and that the easiest way to do this is to expose the food to sun and wind.In this way the North American Indians produce pemmican (dried meat ground into powder and made into cakes), the Scandinavians make stockfish and the Arabs dry dates and “apricot leather”.All foods contain watercabbage and other leaf vegedivs contain as much as 93% water, potatoes and other root vegedivs 80%, lean meat 75% and fish anything from 80% to 60% depending on how fatty it is.If this water is removed, the activity of the bacteria which cause food to go bad is checked.Fruit is sun-dried in Asia Minor, Greece, Spain and other Mediterranean coundivies, and also in California, South Africa and Ausdivalia.The methods used vary, but in general, the fruit is spread out on divays in drying yards in the hot sun.In order to prevent darkening, pears, peaches and apricots are exposed to the fumes of burning sulphur before drying.Plums, for making prunes, and certain varieties of grapes for making raisins and currants, are dipped in an alkaline solution in order to crack the skins of the fruit slightly and remove their wax coating, so increasing the rate of drying.Nowadays most foods are dried mechanically.The conventional method of such dehydration is to put food in chambers through which hot air is blown at temperatures of about 110 at endivy to about 43 at exit.This is the usual method for drying such things as vegedivs, minced meat, and fish.Liquids such as milk, coffee, tea, soups and eggs may be dried by pouring them over a heated horizontal steel cylinder or by spraying them into a chamber through which a current of hot air passes.In the first case, the dried material is scraped off the roller as a thin film which is then broken up into small, though still relatively coarse flakes.In the second process it falls to the bottom of the chamber as a fine powder.Where recognizable pieces of meat and vegedivs are required, as in soup, the ingredients are dried separately and then mixed.Dried foods take up less room and weigh less than the same food packed in cans or frozen, and they do not need to be stored in special conditions.For these reasons they are invaluable to climbers, explorers and soldiers in battle, who have little storage space.They are also popular with housewives because it takes so little time to cook them.Usually it is just a case of replacing the dried-out moisture with boiling water.Questions:1.What makes food go bad according to the passage?2.What does the word “dehydration” in Para.4 refer to?3.Housewives like dried foods because_.4.What kind of diveatment do pears and plums go through in the drying process?5.Where are vegedivs most commonly dried nowadays? 参考答案：1.The activity of certain bacteria.文章第二段提到：If this water is removed, the activity of the bacteria which cause food to go bad is checked.可知，导致食物变坏的原因是the bacteria“细菌”。2.Drying.文中第四段第一句话提到：现在用机械的方法使事物脱水，后面一句The conventional method of such dehydration这里such dehydration就指代前面所说的脱水，故答案是drying。3.they are quick to prepare 文中倒数第一段第二句话给出答案:They are also popular with housewives because it takes so little time to cook them.4.Chemical treatment.文中第二段后半部分详细描写了水果脱水的过程，经过总结可知，在脱水过程中，需要经过一系列化学处理。5.In hot-air chambers.第四段第二句话指出：The conventional method of such dehydration is to put food in chambers through which hot air is blown at temperatures of about 110，and This is the usual method for drying such things as vegetables, minced meat, and fish.通过概括，可知蔬菜脱水要用高温储藏室。问答题25.Directions: In this part, there are one chart followed by 5 questions.Read the passages carefully, then answer the questions in a maximum of 10 words.Remember to write the answers on the Answer Sheet.1.What causes gum disease? _2.According to the first paragraph, can you explain what plaque is?It is an almost _ on _.3.What will happen if the plaque on your teeth is not taken away?It will gradually _.4.What can be caused by the toothpaste Corsodyl?It can cause _, _,and _.5.How long do you have to wait when using Corsodyl after drinking coffee, tea, or red wine?_. 参考答案：1.Plaque causes gum disease./ Plaque.文章第一句话就指出Gum disease is caused by plaque.2.invisible layer of bacteria deposit; teeth文章第一部分第一句话中破折号后面的解释即为什么是plaque。3.destroy the tissues holding your teeth文章第一部分第二行中间提到will destroy the tissues holding your teeth in place。4.some staining to your teeth; tooth colored fillings; tongue在Please note那一部分第一段已提到Corsodyl may cause some staining to your teeth, tooth coloured fillings and tongue。5.At least one hour.Please note那一部分第3项已提到for at least one hour。问答题26.Directions:In this section, there is one passage followed by 5 questions.Read the passage carefully, then answer the questions in as few words as possible (not more than 10 words).Remember to write the answers on the Answer Sheet.Questions 1-5 are based on the following passage.Many people today are worried about bird flu.They are afraid that it will pass from birds to humans and that thousands of people will die in a pandemic.In 1918 a flu virus killed about 50 million people around the world.The virus was called Spanish influenza (or Spanish flu, for short) because Spanish newspapers first described the disease.Now, after nine years of work, scientists in an American laboratory in Atlanta, Georgia, have produced a copy of the Spanish flu virus.They are also going to publish the genetic sequence of the virus on the Internet and some experts are afraid that other laboratories could copy the virus.Scientists have copied the virus because they want to understand why the 1918 Spanish flu pandemic killed so many people.In a report in the journal Science, Dr.Jeffery Taubenberger and a team of scientists in the USA show that the copied virus is exdivemely powerful.The scientists injected the virus into mice and the mice began to lose weight very quickly.They lost 13% of their weight in two days and all of the mice died within six days.“I didnt expect it to be as lethal as it was,”Dr.Terrence Tumpey, one of the scientists in the team, told the journal Nature.In another experiment, they injected more mice with a normal type of flu.The mice lost weight at first but then they got better and did not die.The experiments showed that the mice with the Spanish flu virus had 39,000 times more flu virus in their bodies than the second group of mice.The scientists who copied the virus say their work has already provided important information about the virus and helps to explain why it is so lethal.But other experts are worried that the virus could escape from the laboratory.“Some people will think that they have really created a biological weapon,” said Professor Ronald Atlas of the University of Louisville in Kentucky.“I am even more worried now than I was before about the possibility of a flu pandemic.The 1918 flu pandemic started with bird flu and that might happen again today with Asian bird flu.”Some scientists are worried about the publication of the genetic sequence on the Internet.They are afraid that biologists could copy the virus using the information on the Internet.This could be very dangerous.It took a long time to copy the virus.Scientists used material taken from the lungs of people who died from the flu virus in 1918.In a second report in Nature, Taubenberger and his colleagues analyzed the genetic make-up of the virus.They were surprised to find that it was completely different from all the normal human flu viruses.This probably means that Spanish flu jumped from birds to humans and did not mix with a human virus first.This is very worrying for scientists because in the past everyone believed that a pandemic was only possible if a bird flu virus mixed with a human flu virus.Taubenberger says it is very important to know what changes in the virus caused the 1918 Spanish flu virus.This will help scientists to work out which viruses might cause a pandemic.The H5N1 bird flu in Asia is already changing and it could infect humans, he said.Viruses have escaped from high-security labs before.The SARS virus escaped at least twice, once in Taiwan and once in Singapore.But some scientists believe a pandemic will not happen even if the virus escapes, because most people are naturally immune and there are now a lot of drugs which protect people from flu.Questions:1.When was the Spanish flu pandemic?2.How many people died in the Spanish flu pandemic?3.Where did the scientists produce a copy of the Spanish flu virus?4.How quickly did the laboratory mice die?5.What is H5N1? 参考答案：1.1918年文章第一段提到In 1918 a flu virus killed about 50 million people around the world.The virus was called Spanish influenza.2.About 50 million.文章第一段提到flu virus killed about 50 million people.3.Atlanta, Georgia, USA (in a laboratory).文章第一段提到scientists in an American laboratory in Atlanta, Georgia, have produced a copy of the Spanish flu virus.4.Within 6 days.文章第二段最后一句提到mice died within six days.5.A bird flu virus.文章倒数第二段最后一句提到The H5N1 bird flu in Asia.问答题27.Directions: In this section, there is one passage followed by 5 questions.Read the passage carefully, then answer the questions in as few words as possible (not more than 10 words).Remember to write the answers on the Answer Sheet.Questions 1-5 are based on the following passage.Rare among American actors, Depp has made a name for himself effortlessly switching between mainsdiveam Hollywood Movies and more “out of the ordinary” projects.Talking about his choice of roles, he once said, “With any part you play, there is a certain amount of yourself in it.There has to be, otherwise its not acting.Its lying.” Highlights of a richly diverse career include Edward Scissorhands, Sleepy Hollowand Pirates of the Caribbean.Depp dropped out of school at sixteen to concendivate on a career in music, playing the guitar (he played with more than twenty bands).However, his musical career failed to take off, and he found himself selling pens over the phone to pay the bills.His lucky break came when makeup artist Lori Allison, to whom he was briefly married, indivoduced him to Nicolas Cage.Although at first they did not like each other, they later became good friends and Cage persuaded him to divy acting.Depp signed on with Cages agent, and made his feature film debut in Wes Cravens horror film Nightmare on Elm Sdiveet, in which the character he played was eaten by his bed.After that he had his first screen leading role in Pirate Resort.Depp went on to achieve teen idol status in the TV series 21 Jump Sdiveet, but after four seasons, he wanted out, with the hope of making the divansition to the big screen.He starred in CryBaby, followed by Tim Burtons Edward Scissorhands, after which he went on to win considerable critical acclaim in Ed Wood, a reunion with Burtons.Depp made his feature directorial debut with The Brave in 1997, a film he also co-wrote and starred in.Premiering at the Cannes Film Festival, the film also featured Marlow Brando, but earned mostly negative reviews, with most critics blaming its weak script.Sleepy Hollowteamed him with director Burton yet again, before he starred in Ted Demmes Blow, and appeared in the thriller From Hell, about Jack the Ripper.Off screen, his good looks and “bad boy” image (he was once arrested for attacking indivusive paparazzi with a wooden plank) have earned him a lot of media attention.He was voted one of the fifty most beautiful people in the world by People magazine in 1996.He has also had his fair share of celebrity romances; when his engagement to Edward Scissirhandsco-star Winona Ryder ended, he had a tattoo (one of at least eight), which said “Winona Forever”, altered by laser to get rid of the last two letters of her name.His relationship with model Kate Moss also ended abruptly in 1998, when he started dating French singer-acdivess Vanessa Paradis.They are now married and have two children, Lily-Rose Melody and Jack.More recent work has included Pirates of the Caribbeanwith Geoffrey Rush and Once Upon a Time in Mexico.Questions:1.What does Johnny Depp think of acting a role without having any part of oneself in it?2.Who inspired Depp to start his film career?3.Why did many critics negatively review DeppS film The Brave?4.How many films has Depp made with director Tim Burton?5.What have brought Depp a lot of media attention off screen? 参考答案：1.Lying.Not acting, but lying.文章第一段的倒数第二句话指出With any part you play, there is a certain amount of yourself in it.There has to be, otherwise its not acting.Its lying.无论你演哪一个角色，都会有自己的影子在里面，否则那不是演戏，是欺骗。2.Nicolas Cage.文章第二段中间提到Cage persuaded him to try acting，是Cage说服他去演戏。3.They thought its script was weak.第三段倒数第二句话提到The Braveearned mostly negative views，with most critics blame its weak script.勇气这部电影得到了很多的负面评论，许多评论家指责这部电影的剧本过于平庸。所以批评他的原因在于weak script。4.Three.第三段提到Depp和Tim Burton合作的三部电影，也是Tim Burton导演的Edward Scissor hands，Ed Wood，Sleeping Hollow这三部电影。5.His good looks and “bad boy” image.第四段第一句提到Off screen，his good looks and “bad boy” image have earned him a lot media attention.在银幕下，他英俊的面孔和“坏男孩”的形象引起了媒体的广泛关注。问答题28.Questions 1 to 5 are based on the following passage.A call home can cost 1.37 a minBRITISH tourists are still ripped off by mobile phone firms charging over the odds for “roaming” services, the European Commission has found.Calls made or received on mobiles while abroad cost up to 1.37 a minuteor 19 times as much as domestic calls, a study revealed.Users have to pay roaming charges when using a foreign network, under an agreement with their own operator.Mobiles automatically switch to a local network when outside the UK.Companies such as Vodafone and T-Mobile are accused of abusing their dominant position by charging high fees and passing them on to customers.British operator Vodafone and T-Mobiles parent company Deutsche Telekom are guilty of anti-competitive practices in Germany, the EC claims.If found guilty, both could be fined millions of pounds for abusing their monopoly.Vodafone is appealing against earlier EC allegations that its British roaming rates are “unfair and excessive”.Jonathan Morris, of What Mobile? magazine, said: “If people use their phone when away, they can rack up hundreds of pounds quickly.Making quick calls wont help as calls are charged by the minute, not the second.”Question