广东省广州市20202021学年高一英语下学期期末联考试题【含答案】.docx

广东省广州市2020-2021学年高一英语下学期期末联题I卷（不含听力，共80分）二、单项选择（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）too quickly into sharp turns can cause accidents known as "understeers”.A. To doB. Having goneC. GoingD. GoneC【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：过快的急转弯会导致被称为“转向不足”的事故。动名词 作主语时，表示普通的、一般的行为；不定式作主语，则表示一次具体的行为；根据句意及 所给句子可知，此处是普通行为，应用动名词短语作主语。故选C。1. So far, every possible means to save the miners in the mine.A. were tried; stickingB. has been tried; stuckC. had been tried; stickingD. have been tried; stuckB【详解】考查时态及非谓语动词。句意：到目前为止，人们已经尝试了一切可能的方法来拯 救困在矿井里的矿工。根据时间状语So far可知，应用现在完成时（has/have done）,主 语every possible means是单数概念，谓语动词使用第三人称单数形式；动词stick与逻 辑主语the miners是逻辑动宾关系，应用过去分词，作名词the miners的后置定语，表被 动。故选B。2. With Father，s Day around the comer Jim has taken some money out of the bank presents for his dad.A. buyB. to buyC. buyingD. to haveboughtB与引发了一系列消费安全和环境问题。因此，市场监管部门需要制定合理发展的规则，引导 其有效可持续发展。【19题详解】推理判断题。根据文章首段中"The industry considers 2014 as the start year for China，s sharing economy.（业界认为2014年是中国共享经济的开局之年）”可知，中国的 共享经济从2014年开始兴起发展。故选A项。【20题详解】段落大意题。根据第二段中“It is against this background that the top market regulator met the brand operators in the hope of promoting healthy and sustainable development of this industry.（就是在这种背景下，市场监管总局的管理人员与品牌运 营商会面，希望促进这个行业的健康可持续发展）”可知，第二段主要阐明了此次会议的背 后原因和召开背景。故选A项。【21题详解】细节理解题。根据最后一段中 “The essence of the sharing economy is to reduce costs and bring about consumer welfare through the efficient use of resources.（共享经 济的本质是通过资源的有效利用来降低成本和带给消费者福利）”可知，共享经济发展的核 心就是要最大限度满足顾客的消费需求，给消费者带来福利。故选B项。22题详解】推理判断题。根据首段中“While it has made life convenient for many, it has also created municipal management, environmental protection and consumption safety problems.（在给很多人带来生活便利的同时，也带来了市政管理、环境保护和消费安全等 问题）”可知，作者认为共享经济有利有弊，需要市场监管部门引导其有序发展，故作者是 客观看待共享经济的。故选B项。CIt was a pleasant surprise to learn this week that three large poultry （家禽） companies had greatly reduced their use of antibiotics in healthy chickens, a move that could help slow the appearance of antibiotic resistance in bacteria that cause diseases in humans. Other companies ought to follow the lead of these pioneers, andCongress ought to ban the use of medically important antibiotics in animal husbandry （畜牧业）except to cure sick animals.Strong action is needed because many germs that infect humans are growing resistant to treatment with antibiotics. Such resistance occurs unavoidably over time as antibiotic kills off vulnerable strains of a germ and leaves only the more resistant strains to multiply. But in recent decades the growth of resistance has been increased by overuse of antibiotics in agriculture, where companies routinely use the drugs to promote growth on less feed and to prevent disease in healthy animals. As a result, some germs that infect both animals and humans have become resistant to antibiotics, and even germs that do not infect humans are capable of transferring their antibiotic-resistance genes to germs that do.That is why the report in Sunday，s Times by Marian Burros was so encouraging. She found that three poultry companies that produce a third of the chickens consumed by Americans each year一Foster Farms, Perdue Farms and Tyson Foods一have greatly reduced the use of antibiotics in healthy chickens and are using them primarily to treat sick chickens.There is no reason that other poultry producers could not do the same, and probably the pork and beef industries as well. It is unacceptable that any industry should use medically important antibiotics for the economic purpose of fostering growth. Congress and the Food and Drug Administration need to restrain the use of animal antibiotics that are related to human medicines.23. It can be inferred from the first paragraph that three poultry companies are forced to use fewer antibiotics.A. other companies have followed the practice of the pioneers.B. antibiotic resistance in bacteria may result in human disease.C. antibiotics are never needed in whatever kind of situations.24. According to the second paragraph, the overuse of antibiotics is insignificant in disease prevention.A. is unavoidable in the poultry industry.B. decreases bacteria resistant to the antibiotics.C. threatens the effectiveness of related medicines.25. Why does the author mention Marian Burros' report?A. To illustrate how the three poultry companies use antibiotics.B. To emphasize the functions of antibiotics in animal husbandry.C. To show the author's prediction of the future use of antibiotics.D. To represent the decline in antibiotics use in the poultry industry.26. Which of the following can replace the underlined word “restrain” in paragraph 4?A. increaseB. limitC. promoteD.restore23. C 24. D 25. D 26. B【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章讲述了三大家禽公司已经减少了抗生素的使用，这一举措可 以减缓导致人类疾病的细菌中抗生素耐药性的出现，同时也介绍了抗生素导致细菌耐药性增 强的现象，呼吁其它的家禽业也减少抗生素的使用。【23题详解】推理判断题。根据文中第一段中 “It was a pleasant surprise to learn this week that three large poultry （家禽）companies had greatly reduced their use of antibiotics in healthy chickens, a move that could help slow the appearance of antibiotic resistance in bacteria that cause diseases in humans.（令人惊喜的是，本周得矢口三家大型家禽公司大幅减少了健康鸡的抗生素使用量，这一举措可能有助于减缓导致人类疾 病的细菌出现抗生素耐药性的速度。）可知，细菌对抗生素的耐药性可能导致人类疾病。故 选C项。【24题详解】推理判断题。根据文中第二段中 “Such resistance occurs unavoidably over time as antibiotic kills off vulnerable strains of a germ and leaves only the more resistant strains to multiply."（随着时间的推移，抗生素不可避免地会杀死脆弱的菌株，只留下 更具耐药性的菌株繁殖。）可知，这些被留下的更具有耐药性的菌株会使得药物的有效性降 低，故抗生素的过度使用威胁相关药物的有效性。故选D项。25题详解】推理判断题。根据第三段中“She found that three poultry companies that produce a third of the chickens consumed by Americans each yearFoster Farms, Perdue Farms and Tyson Foods一have greatly reduced the use of antibiotics in healthy chickens and are using them primarily to treat sick chickens. "（她发现，美国人每年消费的鸡中有三分之一是由三家家禽公司生产的一一福斯特农场、珀杜农场和泰森食品一一已经减 少了对健康鸡使用抗生素，而主要是用于治疗生病的鸡。）可知，三家家禽公司抗生素使用 减少，作者提到了 Marian Burros的报告是为了表示家禽行业抗生素使用量的下降。故选D 项。【26题详解】词义猜测题。根据文中第四段中 uThere is no reason that other poultry producers could not do the same, and probably the pork and beef industries as well. It is unacceptable that any industry should use medically important antibiotics for the economic purpose of fostering growth. "（没有理由其他家禽生产商不能这样做，也许猪肉和牛肉 行业也可以。任何行业为了促进增长的经济目的而使用医学上重要的抗生素，这是不可接受 的。）可以推知，家禽饲养使用抗生素是不对的，在uCongress and the Food and Drug Administration need to restrain the use of animal antibiotics that are related to human medicines. v （国会和食品药品管理局需要restrain使用与人类药物有关的动物抗 生素。）句子中，这里应该是指“限制”抗生素的使用，restrain应该是“限制”的意思， B项limit意为“限制”，符合题意，故选B项。DMachine ethics is a new field of research that aims to develop moral machines. It's all about creating machines that can make moral decisions based on computer technology. If artificial intelligence （AI） is to be used in the context of machine ethics, then similarly one can all it Artificial Moral it yz， （AM）.While AI's goal is to model people，s cognitive abilities, AM is about equipping artificial systems with the ability for moral judgment and action.One field of application for moral machines is the care of the elderly. Systems to be used in this context face moral choices like "should the system monitor the user around the clock and what should be done with the data collected?” It is about the privacy of the user and the care of the relatives. A second example of the need for moral machines is autonomous driving. Of particular difficulty are the moral dilemmas that may be encountered, such as the need to decide whether to sacrifice a small number of lives to save a larger number if unavoidable.It could be argued, however, that it is not the care system or the autonomous car that make a moral choice in these cases, but the programmers of those devices. But as the advances in artificial intelligence become greater, developers are less able to plan and predict what decisions a system will make in a specific situation. For example, AlphaGo Zero, which first knows only the basic rules of the game Go and then finds the optimal decision-making strategies by playing through a large number of games against itself. In no time, this system beat its predecessor AlphaGo, the first artificial system to defeat some of the world，s top human Go players.Therefore, it is necessary to develop machines that have a degree of autonomous moral decision-making though the ethical basis of artificial systems is still not clear. Research groups in academia and in the industry should start thinking about the relevance of ethics and safety in AI.27. Which of the following is true about AM?A. It is a moral decision based on technology.B. It aims to imitate people，s cognitive abilities.C. It enables AI to make moral decisions.D. It gives advice to human on making decisions.28. How does the writer illustrate the uses of AM?A. By analyzing cause and effect.B. By raising questions.C. By mentioning its advantages.D. By giving examples.29. What does the writer say about the programmers behind moral machines?A. They are the one virtually in charge of the machinesThey are incapable of predicting decisions of the system.B. They are the ones who advance artificial intelligence.C. They can find the best decision-making strategies.30. What is the best title of the passage?A. Can and should machines act morally?B. How and why machines make moral decisions?C. What AM is and how it is influencing us?D. How AM works and where its future lies?27. C 28. D 29. B 30. A【分析】本文是一篇议论文。文章主要介绍了机器伦理个旨在发展道德机器的新研究领域。【27题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段 uWhile AT s goal is to model people，s cognitive abilities, AM is about equipping artificial systems with the ability for moral judgment and action.（人工智能的目标是为人类的认知能力建模，而AM（人工道德）则是为人工系统配备 道德判断和行为的能力）”可知，AM（人工道德）让AI （人工智能）能够做出道德决定。故选C。 【28题详解】推理判断题。根据第三段中的"It is about the privacy of the user and the care of the relatives. A second example of the need for moral machines is autonomous driving. Of particular difficulty are the moral dilemmas that may be encountered, such as the need to decide whether to sacrifice a small number of lives to save a larger number if unavoidable.（它是关于用户的隐私和亲人的照顾。对道德机器的需求的第二个 例子是自动驾驶。尤其困难的是可能会遇到的道德困境，例如需要决定是否在不可避免的情 况下牺牲少数人的生命来拯救更多的人）”可推知，作者通过举例说明了 AM（人工道德）的使 用。故选D。【29题详解】细节理解题。根据第四段中的"But as the advances in artificial intelligence become greater, developers are less able to plan and predict what decisions a system will make in a specific situation.（但随着人工智能的发展，开发人员越来越难以规划和预测 系统在特定情况下会做出什么决定）”可知，作者认为道德机器背后的程序员不能预测系统 的决定。故选B。【30题详解】主旨大意题。根据第一段中的 “Machine ethics is a new field of research that aims to develop moral machines. It's all about creating machines that can make moral decisions based on computer technology.（机器伦理是一个旨在发展道德机器的新研究领 域。这一切都是关于创造能够基于计算机技术做出道德决定的机器）”及下文论述可知，文章主要介绍了机器伦理个旨在发展道德机器的新研究领域。由此可知，Can and shouldmachines act morally?（机器可以而且应该按道德行事吗？）适合作本文最佳标题。故选A。 第二节（共5小题；每小题2. 5分，满分12. 5分。）阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余 选项。This Way to Dreamland Daydreaming means people think about something pleasant, especially when this makes them forget what they should be doing. Daydreamers have a bad reputation for being unaware of what? s happening around them. They can seem forgetful and clumsy. 31 They annoy us because they seem to be ignoring us and missing the important things. But daydreamers are also responsible for some of the greatest ideas and achievements in human history. 32 Can you imagine what kind of world we would have without such ideas and inventions?So how can you come up with brilliant daydreams and avoid falling over tree roots or otherwise looking like a fool?First, understand that some opportunities（机会）for daydreaming are better than others. Feeling safe and relaxed will help you to slip intodaydreams.33 And if you want to improve your chances of having a creative ideawhile you' re daydreaming, try to do it while you are involved in another task一preferably something simple, like taking a shower or walking, or even making meaningless drawings. It' s also important to know how to avoid daydreams for those times when you really need to concerntrate. "Mindfulness” , being focused, is a tool that some people use to avoid falling asleep. 34 Finally, you never know what wonderful idea might strike while your mind has moved slowlyaway.35A1ways remember that your best ideas might come when your head isactually in the clouds.A. Having interesting things to think about also helps.B. They stare off into ce and wander by themselves.C. Without wandering minds, we wouldn, t have relativity , Coke or Post-it notes. D. At one time, daydreaming was thought to be a cause of some mental illnesses. E. It involves slow, steady breathing for self-control that helps people stay calm and attentive.F. Daydreams are often very simple and direct, quite unlike sleep dreams, which maybe hard to understand.G. Therefore, it' s a good idea to keep a notebook or voice recorder nearby when you' re in the daydream zone.31. B 32. C 33. E 34. A 35. G【分析】本文属于说明文，介绍了每个人都会做的白日梦，白日梦有不好的方面，但也有很 多好的地方。文章中给出了三条很好的利用其积极面的建议。【31题详解】考查逻辑关系。根据第一段主要说的是大众印象中的白日做梦有哪些弊端，选项在文章前后 句中起到段内逻辑连接的作用。B项：They stare off into ce and wander by themselves.他 们凝视着天空，独自漫步，符合语境，故选B。【32题详解】考查逻辑例证。本段话锋一转说到了白日做梦其实有着很多 好处.选项前后依然是顺承关 系。C 项：Without wandering minds, we wouldn，t have relatively, Coke or Post-it notes.没有恍惚的思绪，我们将不会有相对论、可乐或者便条.符合文意.故选C。【33题详解】考查逻辑关系。根据上句 Feeling safe and relaxed will help you to slip into daydreams.可知感觉安全和放松会帮助你进入白日梦。本选项中的it指代前句的动名词短 语feeling safe and relaxed,解题线索明显，故选E。【34题详解】考查逻辑关系。本段主要讲如何避免不合时宜的白日做梦，A项：Having interesting things to think about also helps.思考感兴趣的事情也是有帮助的，符合文意。且选项中有also 为提示词，故选A。【35题详解】考查逻辑关系。根据上句 Finally, you never know what wonderful idea might strike while your mind has moved slowly away.可知你永远不会知道好的想法会什么时候出现，然而 可能会慢慢忘记。G 项：Therefore, it's a good idea to keep a notebook or voice recorder nearby when you，re in the daydream zone.因此，你应该带一个本子随时记，本选项中 的逻辑词Therefore可为做题线索之一，故选G。四、完形填空（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分。）阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。My mum was a consultant psychiatrist at Lancaster Moor hospital. At five, I went with her to the 36 on a Christmas afternoon. I didn，t really want to be: there, knowing I had not yet opened all my 37 at home. Mum gave mea big box of chocolates and told me to 38 around the psychogeriatric ward.Our household was the sort where treats were strictly 39: only one packet of crisps a week. So being entrusted with a huge box of chocolates was40 indeed. I marched proudly around the ward, operating a “one for you, one for me“ policy 41 I went from bed to bed, wondering why no one I talked to 42.When you are 43, so much of life is new and strange that you quickly accept even the strangest things as being 44 normal. But I remember thinking it was 45 that so many of these very old women were holding dollies and teddy bears tight.On the way home, feeling slightly 46 after all the chocolates,I asked Mum why the old ladies had dolls and why they had talked such nonsense. I can，t remember her exact 47, but I learn