过去分词用法详解课件.ppt
(Revision)1I.I.基本形式和意义基本形式和意义动词的动词的-ed形式，即传统语法所指的形式，即传统语法所指的“过去分过去分词词”。它是动词的一种非限定形式。动词的。它是动词的一种非限定形式。动词的-ed形式兼有动词、副词和形容词的特征，可以带形式兼有动词、副词和形容词的特征，可以带宾语或受状语修饰。动词的宾语或受状语修饰。动词的-ed形式和宾语或状形式和宾语或状语一起构成语一起构成-ed分词短语分词短语.动词动词-ed形式的基本形形式的基本形式是式是“动词动词+-ed”，但也有不规则的形式。，但也有不规则的形式。2(1)Theyfoundadamagedcaratthegateofthepark.(2)Iboughtsomepaintedchairs.(3)Helivesinthehousebuiltbyhisfather.(4)HaveyoureadthisbookwrittenbyLuXun？1.1.单个的过去分词作定语位于它所修饰的名词或代词前面；单个的过去分词作定语位于它所修饰的名词或代词前面；过去分词短语作定语位于它所修饰的名词或代词后面。过去分词短语作定语位于它所修饰的名词或代词后面。(1)Heisoneof thosethose invitedinvited.(2)2)NothingNothing reportedreported(inthenewspaper)interestedhim.(3)Hewantedtointerview someonesomeone relatedtorelatedto thematter.2.2.过去分词修饰过去分词修饰过去分词修饰过去分词修饰something,everything,anything,something,everything,anything,nothing,somebody,nobodynothing,somebody,nobody，thosethose 等不定代词时，等不定代词时，等不定代词时，等不定代词时，要放在这些词要放在这些词要放在这些词要放在这些词后面后面后面后面。3abrokenheartalostdogarisensunanorganizedtripabrokenglass 一颗破碎的心一颗破碎的心一颗破碎的心一颗破碎的心 丧家之犬丧家之犬丧家之犬丧家之犬已升起的太阳已升起的太阳已升起的太阳已升起的太阳一次有组织的旅行一次有组织的旅行一次有组织的旅行一次有组织的旅行 一个破玻璃杯一个破玻璃杯一个破玻璃杯一个破玻璃杯Practice:please analyze the functions of the past participlesPractice:please analyze the functions of the past participles 在既定的时间内在既定的时间内在既定的时间内在既定的时间内用所给的单词用所给的单词用所给的单词用所给的单词被通缉的人被通缉的人被通缉的人被通缉的人被聘工人被聘工人被聘工人被聘工人关切的神情关切的神情关切的神情关切的神情有关人士有关人士有关人士有关人士inthegiventimewiththewordsgivenawantedpersonworkerswantedaconcernedlookthepeopleconcerned4boilingwater=waterthatisboilingboiledwater=waterthathasboiled正在沸腾的水正在沸腾的水已经沸腾过的水已经沸腾过的水pollutedwater printedarticles 已经被污染的水已经被污染的水已经被打印的文章已经被打印的文章54.4.现在分词作定语表示正在进行的动作；现在分词作定语表示正在进行的动作；不及物动词的过去不及物动词的过去分词作定语表示一个已完成的动作；只有及物动词的过去分词分词作定语表示一个已完成的动作；只有及物动词的过去分词才表示一个完成且被动的动作。才表示一个完成且被动的动作。退休工人退休工人逃犯逃犯归国留学生归国留学生Comparethefollowings:(正在变化的正在变化的正在变化的正在变化的)(变化了的变化了的变化了的变化了的)(正在凋谢的正在凋谢的正在凋谢的正在凋谢的)(已经凋谢了的已经凋谢了的已经凋谢了的已经凋谢了的)(发展的发展的发展的发展的)(发达的发达的发达的发达的)(正在飘落的正在飘落的正在飘落的正在飘落的)(已经飘落了的已经飘落了的已经飘落了的已经飘落了的)thethechangingchangingworldworldthethechangedchangedworldworldfadingfadingflowersflowersfadedfadedflowersflowersfallingfallingleavesleavesfallenfallenleavesleavesa adevelopingdevelopingcountrycountrya adevelopeddevelopedcountrycountryretiredretiredworkersworkersananescapedescapedprisonerprisonerreturnedreturnedstudentsstudents6 e.g.Ihavemuchworktodo.Thebuildingtobefinishedattheendofthisyearwillbeourlabbuilding.Thebirdsinginginthetreeisverybeautiful.Didyouseetheboybeingquestionedbythepolice?5.todo tobedonedoingbeingdone表示一个将来的动作表示一个将来的动作表示一个正在进行的被动动作表示一个正在进行的被动动作表示一个将来的被动动作表示一个将来的被动动作表示一个正在进行的主动动作表示一个正在进行的主动动作 The differences(used as Attribute)The differences(used as Attribute)Iknowthepeople buildingbuilding thehousethere.Thehouse beingbuiltbeingbuilt overthereisashop.Thehouse builtbuilt overthereisashop.(主动、进行）主动、进行）主动、进行）主动、进行）(被动、进行被动、进行被动、进行被动、进行)(被动、完成）被动、完成）被动、完成）被动、完成）7Exercises1.Therepairscostalot,butitsmoneywell.（05HB）A.tospendB.spentC.beingspentD.spending2.Theprizeofthegameshowis30,000andanallexpenses_vacationtoChina.(05BJ)A.payingB.paidC.tobepaidD.beingpaid3.Thedisc,digitally_inthestudio,soundedfantasticatthepartythatnight.(04SH)A.recordedB.recordingC.toberecordedD.havingrecorded4.LindaworkedfortheMinnesotaManufacturingandMiningcompany,_as3M.(04ZJ)A.knowingB.knownC.beingknownD.tobeknownBBAB81.-ing作表语与作表语与-ed作表语的区别作表语的区别 The resultThe result ofthetestisofthetestis disappointingdisappointing.I I feelfeel disappointeddisappointed intheresultofthetestintheresultofthetest.WhataWhata surprisingsurprising result!result!I Iamam surprisedsurprised atwhathesaid.atwhathesaid.Conclusion:现在分词表示主动的意义，常指事物；过去分词表现在分词表示主动的意义，常指事物；过去分词表示被动的意义，常指人。示被动的意义，常指人。Fill in the blanks with the right formFill in the blanks with the right form.1.Ihadnothingtodo.Iwas_(bore)andlonely.2.Jacklookedevenmore_(amaze)thanhefelt.3.Theresultswerevery_(disappoint).4.Iwasthankedbythe_(satisfy)customer.amazedboreddisappointingsatisfied9Thewindowis broken.Thewindowwas brokenbytheboy.Conclusion:be+过去分词，如果表示动作的完成和过去分词，如果表示动作的完成和状态是系表结构，此时它相当于一个形容词；如果表状态是系表结构，此时它相当于一个形容词；如果表示被动的动作是被动语态，此时主语为动作的承受者示被动的动作是被动语态，此时主语为动作的承受者,后常跟后常跟byby短语。短语。2.2.过去分词作表语和被动语态的区别过去分词作表语和被动语态的区别Compare:10（1）完全形容词化了的完全形容词化了的动词动词-ed形式形式：可以被可以被very等等副词修饰，可以有比较级等级形式。常见的有副词修饰，可以有比较级等级形式。常见的有常见的常见的有：有：bored,disappointed,excited,frightened,interested,pleased,puzzled,satisfied,surprised,tired,worried等。等。（2）有的）有的动词动词-ed形式形式可以被副词可以被副词well修饰，如：修饰，如：built,cooked,done,dressed,known,prepared,written等。等。（3）其它副词也可以修饰）其它副词也可以修饰动词动词-ed形式形式，如：，如：deeplymoved,highlydeveloped,heavily-populated等。等。3.注意事项注意事项114.动词动词-ed形式作表语时，其后可以接介词短形式作表语时，其后可以接介词短语、不定式短语及语、不定式短语及that引导的宾语从句。引导的宾语从句。e.g.:Heisverymuchdisappointedat the result.Themotherwaspleasedto hear from her son.Imsatisfiedthat you didnt tell me a lie.121.Aswejoinedthebigcrowd,Igot_frommyfriends.(03NMET)A.separatedB.sparedClostD.missed2.Idontknowtherestaurant，butitis_tobequiteagoodone.(03NMET)A.saidB.toldC.spokenD.talked3.Theyoungmanseemstobe_inlawA.interestingB.interestedC.interestD.beinginterested4.Have you read the news in todays newspaper？This newssounds_.(00NMET）A.encouragingB.encouragedC.encourageD.toencourage5.-Shallwegoswimming?-OK.Illjustgoandget_.A.changedB.tochangeC.tobechangedD.changingExercises:AABAA13Step used as Object Complement1.1.及物动词的过去分词作宾补表示一个完成且被动的动及物动词的过去分词作宾补表示一个完成且被动的动作作;不及物动词的过去分词作宾补只表示动作的完成和不及物动词的过去分词作宾补只表示动作的完成和状态。状态。Whenhearrived,hefoundalltheworkfinished.Wefoundthevillagegreatlychanged.2.2.现在分词作宾补表示一个主动或正在进行的动作现在分词作宾补表示一个主动或正在进行的动作;现现在分词的被动式作宾补表示一个正在进行的被动动作在分词的被动式作宾补表示一个正在进行的被动动作。Iamsorrytohavekeptyouwaiting.Isawthechildbeingbeatenbyhisfather.14Thethiefwasbroughtinwithhishandstiedbehindhisback.Withalltheworkfinished,hewentback.（1）让某人做某事让某人做某事/让某事（被人）做让某事（被人）做（2 2）遭受某种损失或某种不愿要的结果）遭受某种损失或某种不愿要的结果1.have sth doneYesterdayshehadherwalletstolen.Theoldmanhadhislegbrokenintheaccident.2.介词介词with宾语过去分词宾语过去分词Thevillagershadmanytreesplantedjustthen.Ihavehadmybikerepaired.ATTENTION 15Exercises:1.Youshouldunderstandthetrafficrulebynow.Youvehadit_oftenenough.(05Tianjin）A.explainingB.toexplainC.explainD.explained2.Helenhadtoshout_abovethesoundofthemusic.(04NMET)A.makingherselfhearB.tomakeherselfhearC.makeherselfheardD.tomakeherselfheard3.Ifyouwant_immediately,youhavetogiveussomemoneyinadvance.A.thattheworkbedoneB.theworkdoneC.tohavedonethejobD.thejobthatisdoneDDB164.Acookwillbeimmediatelyfiredifheisfound_inthekitchen.(NMET2003)A.smokeB.smokingC.tosmokeD.smoked5.Themanagersdiscussedtheplanthattheywouldliketosee_thenextyear.(1999NMET)A.carryoutB.carryingoutC.carriedoutD.tocarryoutBC171.作时间状语作时间状语Toldofhismothersaccident,Jackphonedthehospital.TranslatedintoEnglish,thesentencewasfoundtohaveadifferentwordorder.Whenaskedtospeak,hecomplainedaboutthepoorservice.2.作原因状语作原因状语Caughtintherain,hehadafever.InspiredbyOprahWinfery,shebecameconfident.Step used as Adverbial183.作条件状语作条件状语Givenmoretime,Illbeabletodoitbetter.Cleared,thissitewouldbeveryvaluable.Thehousewilllookbiggerifpaintedwhite.Shewillgladlycometoyourhouseifinvited.4.作让步状语作让步状语Defeated,heremainedapopularboxer.Thoughtoldtostop,hekeptonwalking.Evenifgiveneveryopportunity,theywouldnotsucceed.195.作方式状语作方式状语Iamreturningyourletterasrequested.Hewaswalkingsadlyasifinjured.6.作伴随状语作伴随状语Marycameoutoftheroom,followedbyherdog.Acrowdrushedin,armedwithsticks.201.Seenfromthehill,ourschoollooksmorebeautiful.2.Seeingfromthehill,wecanseeourbeautifulschool.3.Havingstudiedhard,hesucceededinpassingthefinalexam.4.HavingbeentoldtostayinBeijing,theboydecidednottoreturntohisvillage.Conclusion:1.1.过过去去分分词词和和现现在在分分词词逻逻辑辑上上的的主主语语都都为为句句子子主主语语，但但是是过过去去分分词词与与主主语语之之间间存存在在被被动动关关系系，而现在分词与主语之间存在主动关系。而现在分词与主语之间存在主动关系。2.2.现在分词的完成被动式和过去分词两者都可现在分词的完成被动式和过去分词两者都可表示表示 “完成完成”和和 “被动被动”,但前者更加强调但前者更加强调分词动作明显先于谓语动作分词动作明显先于谓语动作;而后者的时间性不强。而后者的时间性不强。7.动词的动词的ed形式与形式与-ing形式作状语的区别：形式作状语的区别：21doinghavingdonedonehavingbeendone与句中主语构成逻辑上的主谓关系，与句中谓与句中主语构成逻辑上的主谓关系，与句中谓语动作同时发生语动作同时发生与句中主语构成逻辑上的主谓关系，与句中主语构成逻辑上的主谓关系，先于谓语动作发生先于谓语动作发生与句中主语构成逻辑上的动宾关系与句中主语构成逻辑上的动宾关系与句中主语构成逻辑上的动宾关系，与句中主语构成逻辑上的动宾关系，且先于谓语动作发生且先于谓语动作发生Thedifferences(usedasAdverbial)22Exercises:1._intouseinApril2000,thehotlinewasmeantforresidentsreportingwaterandheatingsupplybreakdowns.(05SH)A.PutB.PuttingC.HavingputD.Beingput2._inawhiteuniform,helooksmorelikeacookthanadoctor.（05HN）A.Dressed B.TodressC.DressingD.Havingdressed3._inthemountainsforaweek,thetwostudentswerefinallysavedbythelocalpolice.（05JS）A.HavinglostB.LostC.BeinglostD.Losing4.When_help,oneoftensays“Thankyou.”or“Itskindofyou.”(05FJ)A.offeringB.toofferC.tobeofferedD.offered235.Whenfirst_tothemarket,theseproductsenjoyedgreatsuccess.(04NMET)A.introducingB.introducedC.introduceD.beingintroduced6._withthesizeofthewholeearth,thebiggestoceandoesnotseembigatall.(04HB)A.CompareB.WhencompareC.ComparingD.Whencompared7._bythebeautyofnature,thegirlfromLondondecidetospendanothertwodaysonthefarm.(04LN)A.AttractingB.HavingattractedC.TobeattractedD.Attracted 248.Theyaregoingtohavetheserviceman_anelectricfanintheofficetomorrow.A.fixB.tofixC.tobefixedD.fixed9.Youwillseethisproduct_whereveryougo.A.tobeadvertisedB.advertisedC.advertiseD.advertising10._theprogramme,theyhavetostaythereforanothertwoweeks.（NMET2004广东）广东）A.NotcompletingB.NotcompletedC.NothavingcompletedD.Havingnotcompleted11.Ourself-respectincreasedwhen_byothers.A.feelingacceptedB.acceptedC.wefeelacceptedD.accepting25Finish all the exercisesHomework2627
