备战2023年高考英语一轮复习全国通用考点 32-阅读理解记叙文（重难题型）（解析版）.docx

考点32阅读理解记叙文（重难题型）记叙文类文章描述的是一件具体事情的发生、发展和结局，通常有时间、地点、人物、事件等。有些 文章是按事件发展的经过为主线叙述的，在叙述的过程中有详有略：有些文章是按时间的顺序叙述的，有 顺叙、倒叙等。从总体上来讲，文章的难度通常不大，在阅读过程中，我们一直在某个线索的引导下，随 着作者的思路去了解一个故事或一件事情的始末，因此会感到比较轻松。命题往往从故事的情节、人物或 事件之间的关系、作者的意图和态度、故事的前因和后果等方面入手，考查学生对细节的辨认能力以及推 理判断能力。阅读此类文章应特别注意：（1）若是一般故事性文章，应读懂故事的发生、发展、高潮和 结局；（2）若是"哲理故事”，要理解故事所蕴含的哲理意义；（3）若是“逸闻趣事"，应体会对话 的风趣性，进而才能感受幽默的精髓。二、命题方式考向一细节事实理解一篇文章必然是由许多具体的细节、具体的内容构成的，所有这些信息以某种顺序（时间、空间、情 感变化等）排列起来，来进一步解释或阐释主题，体现文章的主旨大意。细节理解题目主要考查学生对文章具体事实和细节的理解能力，属于表层理解题范畴，难度较小，但 在整个阅读理解题中所占比例最大，细节理解题多从文章的某个具体事实或细节出发来设计题目。 此类题通常根据文章具体内容来设问，也常使用下列方式来提问：1 .Which of the following statements is（not） true/coriect?2 .Which of the following is not mentioned?3 .All of the following are true except.4 .According to the passage, when/where/why/how/how/what/which,etc.?I .直接事实题在解答这类问题时要求学生抓住题干文字信息，采用针对性方法进行阅读，因为这类题的答案在文章 中可以直接找到。2.间接事实题解答此类题，需要结合上下文提供的语境和信息进行简单的概括和判断或者要进行简单的计算。3.数据推算。II .【答案】B【解析】主旨大意题。通过全文内容可知，文章主要讲述了 Simon不理会天气预报说有暴风雨的警告，坚 持出海钓鱼，遭到暴风雨，最后游到一个小岛幸存下来的故事。故选B。2022年高考真题】1.【2022年全国甲卷C篇】As Ginni Bazlinion reached Antarctica, she found herself greeted by a group of little Gentoo penguins （企鹅） longing to say hello. These gentle, lovely gatekeepers welcomed her and kick-started what was to be a trip Ginni would never forget.Ever since her childhood, Ginni, now 71, has had a deep love fbr travel. Throughout her career （职业）as a professional dancer, she toured in the UK, but always longed to explore further. When she retired from dancing and her sons eventually flew the nest, she decided it was time to lake the plunge.After taking a degree at Chichester University in Related Arts, Ginni began to travel the world, eventually getting work teaching English in Japan and Chile. And it was in Chile she discovered she could get last-minute cheap deals on ships going to Antarctica from the islands off Tierra del Fuego, the southernmost tip of the South American mainland. 44I just decided I wanted to go,“ she says. “I had no idea about what I'd find there and I wasn't nervous, I just wanted to do it. And I wanted to do it alone as I always prefer it that way.”In March 2008, Ginni boarded a ship with 48 passengers she'd never met before, to begin the journey towards Antarctica. uFrom seeing the wildlife to witnessing sunrises, the whole experience was amazing. Antarctica left an impression on me that no other place has,“ Ginni says. "I remember the first time I saw a humpback whale; it just rose out of the water like some prehistoric creature and I thought it was smiling at us. You could still hear the operatic sounds it was making underwater.The realization that this is a precious land, to be respected by humans, was one of the biggest things that hit home to Ginni.28. Which of the following best explains “take the plunge“ underlined in paragraph 2?A. Try challenging things.B. Take a degree.C. Bring back lost memories.D. Stick to a promise.29. What made Ginni decide on the trip to Antarctica?A. Lovely penguins.B. Beautiful scenery.C. A discount fare.D. A friend's invitation.30. What does Ginni think about Antarctica after the journey?A. It could be a home for her.B.It should be easily accessible.C. Il should be well preserved.D.It needs to be fully introduced.31. What is the text mainly about?A. A childhood dream.B.An unforgettable experience.C. Sailing around the world.D.Meeting animals in Antarctica.【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了 7I岁的GinniBalinton从小就对旅行有着深深的热爱， 渴望探险，不再跳舞和孩子们成家立业之后，她开始周游世界，并在2008年开始了前往南极洲的旅程。 28.【答案】A解析】词句猜测题。根据第二段划线词前文“Throughout her career（职业）as a professional dancer, she toured in the UK, but always longed to explore further.（在她的职业舞蹈演员生涯中，她曾在英国巡演，但一直渴望 进,步探索）"和"When she retired from dancing and her sons eventually flew the nest （当她不再跳舞，她的儿 子们最终独立生活）”可知，Ginni在退休和儿子们成家立业之后，她决定尝试有挑战性的事情。由此推知， 划线词组take the plunge与try challenging things “尝试有挑战性的事情”意思接近。故选A。29.【答案】C【解析】细节理解题。根据第三段中的"And it was in Chile she discovered she could get last-minute cheap deals on ships going to Antarctica from the islands off Tiera del Fuego.（正是在智利，她发现自己可以在最后一刻买 到从火地岛附近岛屿前往南极洲的廉价船票）”可知，是折扣的票价让Ginni决定去南极洲旅行的。故选C。 30.【答案】C解析细节理解题。根据最后一段 “The realization that this is a precious land, to be respected by humans, was one of the biggest things that hit home to Ginni.（意识至ij这是一块宝贵的土地，应该受到人类的尊重，这是Ginni 最深刻的感受之一）”可知，旅行结束后，Ginni认为南极洲应该得到很好的保护。故选C。31.【答案】B【解析】主旨大意题。通读全文可知，文章主要讲述了 GinniBalinton去南极旅行的经历，再根据第一段 “These gentle lovely gatekeepers welcomed her and kick-started what was to be a trip Ginni would never forget.（这些温柔可爱的看门人欢迎了她，并开始了一次Ginni永远不会忘记的旅行）”和倒数第二段Ginni Balinton对南极之旅的评价可知，文章主要介绍了 Ginni Balinton去南极洲之旅让她非常难忘。由此可知， An unforgettable experience.（一次难忘的经历）能够概括文章主旨。故选B。2.【2022年6月全国甲卷D篇】Sometime in the early 1960s, a significant thing happened in Sydney, Australia. The city discovered its harbor. Then, one after another, Sydney discovered lots of things that were just sort of there broad parks, superb beaches, and a culturally diverse population. But it is the harbor that makes the city.Andrew Reynolds, a cheerful fellow in his early 30s, pilots Sydney ferryboats fbr a living. I spent the whole morning shuttling back and forth across the harbor. After our third run Andrew shut down the engine, and we went our separate ways he fbr a lunch break, I to explore the city.'Til miss these old boats/5 he said as wc parted.“How do you mean?” I asked.“Oh, they're replacing them with catamarans. Catamarans are faster, but they're not so elegant, and they're not fun to pilot. But thafs progress, I guess.”Everywhere in Sydney these days, change and progress are the watchwords （口 号），and traditions are increasingly rare. Shirley Fitzgerald, the city's ofTicial historian, told me that in its rush to modernity in the 1970s, Sydney swept aside much of its past, including many of its finest buildings. 4tSydney is confiiscd about itself?' she said. "We can't seem to make up our minds whether we want a modem city or a traditional one. It's a conflict that wc aren't getting any better at resolving （解决）On the other hand, being young and old at the same time has its attractions. I considered this when I met a thoughtful young businessman named Anthony. <4Many people say that we lack culture in this country,“ he told me. “What people forget is that the Italians, when they came to Australia, brought 2000 years of their culture, the Greeks some 3000 years, and the Chinese more still. We've got a foundation built on ancient cultures but with a drive and dynamism of a young country. It?s a pretty hard combination to beat.”He is right, but I can't help wishing they would keep those old ferries.32. What is the first paragraph mainly about?A. Sydney's striking architecture.C. The key to Sydney's development.33. What can we learn about Andrew Reynolds?A. He goes to work by boat.C. He pilots catamarans well.34. What does Shirley Fitzgerald think of Sydney?A. It is losing its traditions.C. It should expand its population.35. Which statement will the author probably agree with?A. A city can be young and old at the same time.B. A city built on ancient cultures is more dynamic.B. The cultural diversity of Sydney.D. Sydney's tourist attractions in the 1960s.B. He looks forward to a new life.D. He is attached to the old ferries.B. It should speed up its progress.D. It is becoming more inlemationaLC. Modernity is usually achieved at the cost of elegance.D. Compromise should be made between (he local and the foreign.【答案】32.C33. D 34. A 35. A【解析】【文章大意】本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。文章通过作者和悉尼人士的交流介绍了悉尼发展中面临的问题。【32题详解】主旨大意题。根据第一段"Sometime in the early 1960s, a significant thing happened in Sydney, Australia. The city discovered its harbor. （2。世纪60年代初，澳大利亚悉尼发生了 一件大事。这座城市发现了它 港口）” 以及“But it is the harbor that makes the city.（但是是港口造就了城市）“可知，本段主要介绍了悉尼发展的关键 是港口。故选C项。【33题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段“Andrew Reynolds, a cheerful fellow in his early 30s, pilot Sydney ferryboats for a living. （30岁出头的Andrew Reynolds是个快乐的小伙子，他在悉尼担任渡轮领航员为生）”、第三段“I'll miss these old boais.（我会想念这些I口船的）”以及第五段“Catamarans are faster, but they're not so elegant, and they're not fun to pilot.（双体船更快，但它们不那么优雅，驾驶起来也不有趣）”可知，渡轮领航员Andrew Reynolds喜欢老式渡船。故选D项。【34题详解】推理判断题。根据倒数第三段“Shirley Fitzgerald, the city's official historian, told me that in its rush to modernity in the 1970s, Sydney swept aside much of its past, including many of its finest buildings.（悉尼的官方 历史学家Shirley Fitzgerald告诉我，在20世纪70年代奔向现代化的过程中，悉尼把很多它的过去都抛在 了一边，包括许多最漂亮的建筑）”可推知，Shirley Fitzgerald认为悉尼匆忙奔向现代化，正在失去它的传统。 故选A项。35题详解】推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“On the other hand, being young and old at the same time has its attractions. I considered this when I met a thoughtful young businessman named Anthony.（另方面，同时既年轻又古老也有 它的魅力。当我遇到一位深思熟虑的年轻商人Anthony时，我考虑到了这一点）“以及最后一段“He is right （他 说得没错）“可推知，作者赞同Anthony的观点，认为一座城市可以同时既年轻又古老。故选A项。3.12022年1月浙江卷A篇For nearly a decade now.Merebeth has been a self-employed pet transport specialist. Her pet transport job was born of the financial crisis （危机）in the late 2000s. The downturn hit the real estate （房地产）firm where she had worked for ten years as an office manager.The firm went broke and left her looking for a new job.One day,whilc driving near her home,she saw a dog wandering on the road, clearly lost. She took it home,and her sister in Denver agreed to take it. This was a loving home fbr sure,but 1,600 miles away.It didn't take long fbr Merebeth to decide to drive the dog there herself. It was her first road trip to her new job.Merebeth's pel delivery service satisfies her wanderlust. It has taken her lo every state in （he US except Montana,Washington and Orcgon,shc says proudly.If she wants to visit a new place, she will simply find a pct with transport needs there.She travels in all weathers.She has driven through 55 mph winds in Wyoming , heavy flooding and storms in Alabama and total whiteout conditions in Kansas.This wanderlust is inherited from her father,she says.He moved their family from Canada （o California when she was one year old,bccause he wanted them to explore a new place together. As soon as she graduated from high school she left home to live on Catalina Island off the Californian coast,away from her parents,where she enjoyed a life of sailing and off-road hiking.It turns out that pet transporting pays quite well at about $30.000 per year before tax.She doesn't work in summer, as it would be unpleasantly hot fbr the animals in the car, even with air conditioning.As autumn comes,she gets restless the same old wanderlust returning. It's a call she must handle aloneahough.Merebeth says/'When I'm on the road. I'm just in my own world. I've always been independent-spirited and I just feel strongly that I must help animals."21 .Why did Merebeth change her job?A.She wanted to work near her home.B.She was tired of working in （he office.C.Her sister asked her to move to Denver.D.Her former employer was out of business.22 .The word “wanderlust" in paragraph 2 means a desire to ?A.make money.B.try various jobs.C.bc close to nature.D.travcl to different places.23 .What can we learn about Merebeth in her new job?A.She has chances to see rare animals.B.She works hard throughout the year.C.She relies on herself the whole time.D.She earns a basic and tax-free salary.答案：21-23 DDC解析：木文是一篇记叙文，主要叙述了 Merebeth由于公司破产失业后，在机缘巧合下成为宠物运送员， 不仅帮助了动物，而且收获了旅行带来的精神自由。第21题 细节事实题。根据文章第一段第三、四句-The firm went broke and left her looking for a new job. 可知原先公司破厂导致要找份新工作。与D选项意思一致。故答案选D。第 22 题 猜测词义题。根据第一段 It has taken her to every stale in the US except Montana, Washington and Oregon, she says proudly.意思为：她很骄傲的说，这个工作带她到了全美国除蒙大拿,华盛顿，俄勒冈以外的所 有的州。可知,她很喜欢到不同的地方旅行。以及第二段：This wanderlust is inherited from her father, she says. He moved their family from Canada to California when she was one year old, because he wanted them to explore a new place together.遗传自她的父亲也喜欢探索新地方。故答案选D。第23题 细节理解题。根据最后一段倒数她自己说的话：When I am on (he road. I'm just in my own world. Fve always been independent-spirited.可知，当她在路上的时候，就只依靠自己。她总是非常独立。故答案选 Co4. (2022年新高考2卷B篇】We journalists live in a new age of storytelling, with many new multimedia tools. Many young people don't even realize it's new, For them, it's just normal.This hit home for me as I was sitting with my 2-year-old grandson on a sofa over the Spring Festival holiday. I had brought a children's book to read. It had simple words and colorfi.il pictures a perfect match for his age.Picture this: my grandson sitting on my lap as I hold the book in front so he can see the pictures. As I read, he reaches out and pokes (戳)the page with his finger.What's up with that? He just likes the pictures, I thought. Then I turned the page and continued. He poked the page even harder. I nearly dropped the book. I was confused: Is (here something wrong with this kid?Then I realized what was happening. He was actually a stranger to books. His father frequently amused the boy with a tablet computer which was loaded with colorful pictures that come alive when you poke them. He thought my storybook was like that.Sorry, kid. This book is not part of your high-tech world. It's an outdated, lifeless thing. An antique, like your grandfather. Well, I may be old, but I'm not hopelessly challenged, digitally speaking. I edit video and produce audio. I use mobile payment. I've even built websites.There's one notable gap in my new-media experience, however: I've spent little time in front of a camera, since I have a face made fbr radio. But that didn't stop China Daily fiom asking me last week to share a personal story for a video project about the integration of Beijing, Tianjin and Hebei province.Anyway, grandpa is now an internet star two minutes of fame! I promise not to let it go to my head. But I will make sure my 2-year-old grandson sees it on his tablet.5. What do the underlined words “hit home fbr me'' mean in paragraph 2?A. Provided shelter for me.B. Became very clear to me.C. Took the pressure off me.D. Worked quite well on me.6. Why did the kid poke the storybook?A. He took it for a tablet computer.C. He was angiy with his grandpa.6. What does the author think of himself?A. Socially ambitious.C. Financially independent.B. He disliked the colorful pictures.D. He wanted to read it by himself.B. Physically attractive.D. Digitally competent.7. What can we learn about the author as a journalist?A. He lacks experience in his job.B. He seldom appears on television.C. He manages a video department.D. He often interviews internet stars.【答案】4. B 5. A 6. D 7. B【解析】【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者曾经是一名记者，在春节期间，作者给孙子拿了一本儿童 读物，孙子却以为是平板电脑，不停地戳书。【4题详解】词句猜测题。根据第一段"We journalists live in a new age of storytelling, with many new multimedia tools. Many young people don't even realize it's new. For them, it's just normal. ”以及画线词后文“as I was sitting with my 2-year-old grandson on a sofa over the Spring Festival holiday.”可