备战2023年高考高中英语语法专项突破训练专题02-名词.docx

专题二名词重难点分析名词的“可数”与“不可数”是高考语法填空设置考点的重要语法项目之一。不可数名词前不能与不定冠 词连用，之后不能加-s。有些抽象名词却有复数形式，但意义与原来的不同。有些可数名词复数有两个意 思，一个与单数意义相同，另一个和单数含义不同，这些含义很可能成为高考考查的内容。词语的固定搭 配及名词作定语也是高考命题的注意点。一、名词的分类及常见用法可数名词个体名词teacher, student, piano, schoolbag功能集体名词family, committee, people, class名词在句中 可作主语、表 语、宾语、宾 语补足语、定 语、同位语或 状语可数名词的复数规则变化一般词后加-sdays, boys, Americans, toolss, x, sh, ch 结尾加-esbuses, boxes, dishes, matches （stomachs 除外）“辅音字母+y”结尾，变y为i, 再加-esbabies, factories, stories, cities以f或fe结尾，变f/fe为v, 加-esleaves, wives, knives （roofs, proofs, gulfs, beliefs, chiefs, staffs, safes 除 外）以。结尾，有生命加-es,无 生命加-Sheroes, potatoes, tomatoes, pianos, radios （hippos, bamboos 除外）数字的复数加-s或©S”in the 1990s/1990's不规则变化改变词中元音字母woman-women,goose-geese,man-men, foot-feet, tooth-teeth形式复数，意义单数news, maths, politics, economics 等单复数同形means, deer, sheep, fish, species, Chinese 等其他child-children, bacterium-bacteria, crisis-crises,ox-oxen,phenomenon-phenomena不可数名词物质名词wood, water, steel, paper, blood抽象名词friendship, progress, fun, knowledge专有名词John, Smith, Beijing, Christmas Day名词所有格一般在名词右上方加 “'s'以S结尾的名词只 力口Women's Day, an hour's walk, students9reading-room,today's paper表有生命的东西或 时间、空间、距离、 价格、重量等名词 的所有格介词of+名词a map of China, the top of the 无生命的东西的名mountain词所有格二、名词其他需要注意的几点1.名词的数(1)复合名词的复数有主体名词的复数形式(lookers-on, passers-by等)和无主体名词的复数形式(grown-ups, go-betweens)o(2)集体名词的数有些集体名词只能用作复数，如：cattle, police, people等。注意：people意为“民族、种族”时，有单、 复数形式。有些集体名词只能用作单数，如：machinery, furniture, equipment, jewellery, mankind 等。有些集体名词作为整体看待时，用作单数；指其中各个成员时，用作复数。这样的集体名词有class, family, couple, audience, government, public, committee, crew 等。The whole family are watching TV now.现在全家人都在看电视。His family is a big one.他家是一个大家庭。(3)由两部分构成的名词只能用复数形式，如：glasses, trousers, shorts, scissors, gloves, scales, compasses 等。(4) “the + 姓氏的复数''表全家人，如：the Blacks, the Smith, the Wangs 等。(5)具有双重特性的名词意义不同的可数和不可数名词a room 房间room 空间a chicken 鸡chicken 鸡肉an experience 经历experience 经验an agreement 协议agreement 同意单、复数意思不同的名词arm手臂arms武器brain 脑brains 智力custom 风俗customs 海关force 力量forces军队regard 注意； 关心regards 问候time 时间times时代work 工作works作品；工厂manner 态度manners 礼貌spirit精神spirits心情；情绪content 内 容contents 目 录loss 损失losses 损失物condition 状况conditions 条件expression 表达expressions 短语feeling 感觉feelings 感情wood 木头woods 树林2 .名词的所有格(1)表示两者或两者以上共同所有，在最后一个词的后面加©S”；表示各自拥有时，每个名词后都要加 飞”。如：Li and Ma9s room李和马共有的房间Li's and Ma's rooms李和马各自的房间(2)表某人的家或店铺、诊所等。如：Li，s 李家 the doctor's 诊所 the barber's 理发店 the butcher's 肉铺 the stationer、文具店(3)所有格除了用于有生命的事物外，也可以用于表示国家、城市等的名词。如：China's prosperity 中国的繁荣the country plan 国家计划(4) of所有格也可用于有生命的物体，用于名词较长或名词的定语较长时。如：a story of a famous doctor 一个名医的故事the son of the man you just talked to刚刚和你说话的那个男人的儿子(5)双重所有格“of+名词所有格或名词性物主代词”称为双重所有格。f后名词所有格中的名词必须指人,而且是特指。 如：an old friend of my uncle's我叔叔的一位老朋友a play of Shakespeare莎士比亚的一部戏剧some houses of my grandfather 我爷爷的一些房子3 .名词作定语(1) 一般用单数形式。如：country music 乡村音乐 shoe shops 鞋店 traffic lights 交通灯注意：sports, customs, arms, clothes, sales, goods 作定语时,要用复数形式。如：sports meeting 运动会 customs officers 海关官员 arms production 武器生产(2) man和woman作定语时，变复数时予中心词一起变。如：men doctor 男医生 women teachers 女老师考点练透一、单句填空用适当的词或所给词的适当形式填空。1. There are fifty-six(people) in China.2. We need much(room) for all the furniture.3. This kind of dress was popular in the(1980).4. (girl) students and(woman) teachers are in the majority in our school.5. There used to be a lot of milu(deer) in China.6. These are art(work) of the Tang Dynasty.7. (child) shoes are on the second floor of this store department.8. We can see many(editor-in-chief) present at the conference.1.1 had my hair cut short at the(barber) nearby yesterday.10. On the whole, he was a(fail) in his life.11. Health problems are closely connected with bad eating habits and a(lack) of exercise.12. Now more and more people prefer to have a(pet) at home a little dog, a cat or some other animals.13. My parents always let me have my own(way) of living.14. We volunteered to collect money to help the(victim) of the earthquake.15. We all know that(action) speak louder than words.16. My teacher pointed out the wrong choice of(express) in my composition.17. The real(hero) are those who are making the most contributions to our society.18. The man whom you met yesterday is a friend of(me).19. Without a compass, it is easy to lose one's way in the(wood).20. He begged for help from(passer-by), but they all pretended not to have heard what he was saying and went by quickly.二、语篇填空用适当的词或所给词的适当形式填空。Charles Pink was a young (Canada) who had a good house and he knew how to enjoy himself. Every Saturday, he went to the theater and 2 (party). His car was one of the best in his city. He had lots of 3 and one day bought a plane. He learned to fly and flying became one of his main 4 (enjoy).One day about thirty 5 (year) ago, he set off in his small plane on a trip across 6 (Mexican). At first everything went well, but when he was over the part of the country 7 engine of the little machine failed.Fortunately, Pink was flying at a good 8 (high) when the bad thing happened, and he had time to find a place to land. Below him he could see a number of 9 (field) which looked nice enough to land on, and he managed to bring his machine down on one of 10.三、语法填空阅读下面短文，在空白处填入一个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。2()In the journey to self-discovery, it is very important (understand) what success is. In today's world a good percentage of people define success 2 becoming famous, being on the cover of magazines, 3 (have) lots of money in their bank account and so much more.Before I 4 (become) a Life Coach, I had studied Civil Engineering in school, after which things were moving pretty well and I had lots of 5 (business) in Lagos. At that point, I thought I had succeeded 6 I was wrong because I was never truly happy and I just couldn't get rid of that feeling like something was missing.At every stage of our lives we grow, at every level we want something 7 (many) and we keep feeling like there is an aspect of ourselves we haven't managed to use. At 8 (difference) points in time, success or being successful will mean different things to different people.Success is not 9 destination; you can never fully arrive at a place and say you are successful. Success through self-discovery is about understanding that one can never 10 (complete) know himself and herself.参考答案考点练透-、单句填空1. peoples 2. room 3. 1980s/1980's 4. Girl; women 5. deer 6. works 7. Children's 8. editors-in-chief 9. barber's 10. failure 11. lack 12. pet 13. way 14. victims 15. actions 16. expressions 17. heroes 18. mine 19. woods 20. passers-by二、语篇填空2. Canadian 2. parties 3. money 4. enjoyments 5. years 6. Mexico 7. the 8. height 9. fields 10.三、语法填空本文主要讲述了自我发现和成功的旅程。3. to understand 考查非谓语动词。因it is adj. to do sth.为固定句型，故填to understando4. as考查介词。因defineas为固定搭配，以为“把定义为”,故填as。5. having考查非谓语动词。由becoming和being可知，应用动词ing形式作并列宾语。6. became考查动词的时态。由had studied可知，应用一般过去时，故填becameo7. businesses考查名词单复数。因有lots of修饰，应用复数形式。8. but 考查连词。因 I thought I had succeeded 和 I was wrong 表转折关系，故填 buto9. more考查比较级等级。由句意可知，表示“想要更多”应用比较级。故填more。10. different考查词性转换。修饰名词points应用形容词，故填different。11. a考查冠词。根据名词destination可知，名词前应加不定冠词，表泛指，故填a。12. completely 考查词性转换。修饰动词know应用副词，故填completely。