在初中英语课堂教学中的实施.ppt

N o t h i n g s h o u l d b e s p o k e n b e f o r e i t h a s b e e n h e a r d.N o t h i n g s h o u l d b e r e a d b e f o r e i t h a s b e e n s p o k e n.N o t h i n g s h o u l d b e w r i t t e n b e f o r e i t h a s b e e n r e a d.L.G.Alexander How to Learn a Language“高、大、快、多高、大、快、多高、大、快、多高、大、快、多 ”在初中英语课堂教学中的在初中英语课堂教学中的在初中英语课堂教学中的在初中英语课堂教学中的实施实施实施实施 高高复现复现(Scientific Repetition)大大容量容量(Adequate Contents)快快节奏节奏(Quick Pace)多多台阶台阶(Suitable Steps)高复现高复现是核心,大容量、多台阶、快节奏都是为高复现服务的。高复现不是指简单的重复，它要求的是科学的复现，是在语言知识的学习和语言技能的培养过程中，由简单到复杂，由单一到综合，有目的，有计划的复现。提出背景：提出背景：高复现：针对高复现：针对“学生前学后忘记学生前学后忘记”的现象。的现象。大容量大容量：针对课堂教学中学生缺乏足够的针对课堂教学中学生缺乏足够的 参与量和信息量。参与量和信息量。多台阶：为了使练习的设计更具科学性，多台阶：为了使练习的设计更具科学性，有效性。有效性。快节奏：是针对课堂教学中存在的拖沓、快节奏：是针对课堂教学中存在的拖沓、时间利用率不高的现象。时间利用率不高的现象。高复现高复现从语言知识的学习要求来看，复现是为从语言知识的学习要求来看，复现是为了了将瞬时记忆转变成长期记忆，将机械将瞬时记忆转变成长期记忆，将机械记忆转变为理解记忆，将记忆的知识转记忆转变为理解记忆，将记忆的知识转变为能活用的知识变为能活用的知识。从学习态度和方法的养成和人文道德和从学习态度和方法的养成和人文道德和文化修养的渗透和积淀的要求来看，复文化修养的渗透和积淀的要求来看，复现是一个现是一个“润物细无声润物细无声”的积累过程，的积累过程，从无到有，从少到多，从无意到自觉。从无到有，从少到多，从无意到自觉。Repetition is the key to success in learning language.（Cindy Carlson）Repetition is the mother of learning.高复现在课堂中的实施Quick response1)Guided quick response.2)Free talk3)Quick responses by studentsMode:T-S S-Ss Ss-S pair work group work(mini-dialogue)Content:what the students have recently encountered or what you would like the students to rememberMini exercises:1.Sentence transformation.2.Gap-filling.1)Word formation2)Tense3)Vocabulary/clozeMode:orally writtenVocabulary-音标phonetics音标词的选择必须做到包括三个方面：音标词的选择必须做到包括三个方面：（1）以前学过的单词。）以前学过的单词。（2）现在正在学的单词。）现在正在学的单词。（3）即将要学到的单词。）即将要学到的单词。图片的反复利用图片的反复利用Step 1：Match the pictures with the words below.Do not write.Just look and say.train,plane,bicycle,bus,ship,taxi,motorcycle,light rail,maglevbicycletaxibusshiptrainplanemotorcyclelight railmaglevStep 2:Talk after the model about the pictures.Work in pairs.Model 1A:How did you come here?B:I came here by taxi.How about you?A:I came here by bike.Step 2:Talk after the model about the pictures.Work in pairs.Model 2：A:How do you go to school?B:I go to school on foot./I walk to school.A:How does your father go to work?B:He goes to work by bike./He rides a bicycle to work.A:How will you go to Beijing for the holiday?B:We will go to Beijing by plane./We will take a plane to Beijing.Step 2:Talk after the model about the pictures.Work in pairs.Model 3：A:Which is faster,the bike or the bus?B:The bus is faster than the bike,but the taxi is the fastest of the three.slow,safe,convenient,comfortable,expensive Step 3：Group discussion:Likes and dislikes.Use the picture cuesNameLikes ReasonsDislikes ReasonsJackbikegood for healthtaxitoo expensiveStep 4：Spot writing I live in a new housing estate.My mother works at a hospital.She goes to work _ or _ because they are both cheaper and _ than a bus.My father works at a factory.He goes to work_ because it is faster and _ than a bus,but he has to wear a helmet.I study at No.1 Junior High School.I go to school _ because my school is only ten minutes walk from my home.by underground by light railfasterby motorcyclemore convenienton foot词义解释和词汇的拓展词义解释和词汇的拓展get/keep in touch communicatecommunicate with municate with each other communicate in Englishcommunicate with sb.in Englishcommunicate by languagescommunicate by gesturespay special attention to focus onfocus on campus lifefocus on quality educationfocus your mind on study大容量大容量 语言的学习只有大量的输入才有一定的输语言的学习只有大量的输入才有一定的输出。说的基础是听，写的基础是说和读。出。说的基础是听，写的基础是说和读。语言知识、语言技能的掌握和运用，有一语言知识、语言技能的掌握和运用，有一个量变到质变的过程，没有大量的练习是个量变到质变的过程，没有大量的练习是不可能的。不可能的。大容量既指课堂练习的数量要足，又指课大容量既指课堂练习的数量要足，又指课堂练习的质量要高，还指练习所包含的信堂练习的质量要高，还指练习所包含的信息量要广。息量要广。大容量的实施大容量的实施（1）保证每节课充足的教学活动的数量）保证每节课充足的教学活动的数量 （2）扩大教学活动提供（涵盖）或需要）扩大教学活动提供（涵盖）或需要 的信息量的信息量 活动应尽可能的复现已学过的语言知活动应尽可能的复现已学过的语言知识，使用已掌握或初步掌握的语言技能识，使用已掌握或初步掌握的语言技能 例：He has been to America.My cousin has been to America.The engineers cousin has been to America.The engineers cousin,a diplomat,has been to three continents-America,Europe and Australia.The engineers cousin,an experienced diplomat,has been to many European countries such as Britain,France,Switzerland,Germany and the Netherlands.课堂教学活动应传达更广泛的信息课堂教学活动应传达更广泛的信息He broke the school record at the school sports meet yesterday.Liu Xiang broke the world record in the 110-meter hurdles on Tuesday at the Athleticisms Grand Prix meeting.His record is 12”88.（3）扩大参与课堂教学活动的学生的数量）扩大参与课堂教学活动的学生的数量 提高学生参与课堂教学活动的主动性提高学生参与课堂教学活动的主动性 *教学活动的内容有趣，形式新颖。教学活动的内容有趣，形式新颖。*设计的教学活动能发挥学生的特长，让设计的教学活动能发挥学生的特长，让他们在活动中充分展示自己。他们在活动中充分展示自己。*通过活动不断的使学生获得成功，让学通过活动不断的使学生获得成功，让学生有成功感，强烈的成功感最能激发学生生有成功感，强烈的成功感最能激发学生的学习动力。的学习动力。(e.g.five-minute activities)提高课堂教学活动组织的科学性提高课堂教学活动组织的科学性 *教学活动的形式要多样，一节课中的活动教学活动的形式要多样，一节课中的活动还要有搭配：动静的变化、口头与书面的还要有搭配：动静的变化、口头与书面的变化、个人活动与集体活动的变化。变化、个人活动与集体活动的变化。*营造良好的课堂教学的氛围，让学生有营造良好的课堂教学的氛围，让学生有“安全感安全感”。*教学活动的要求要表达清楚，让学生知道教学活动的要求要表达清楚，让学生知道要做什么，怎么做。要用明确的任务来扩要做什么，怎么做。要用明确的任务来扩大学生参与课堂教学活动的面。大学生参与课堂教学活动的面。（4）提高学生参与学习的有效时间）提高学生参与学习的有效时间 让学生始终保持高度的注意力让学生始终保持高度的注意力（keep students“alert”in class）。）。尽可能的将课堂教学活动设计为有思维的活动。尽可能的将课堂教学活动设计为有思维的活动。在教学活动时，需要学生积极的思维，扩大学生在教学活动时，需要学生积极的思维，扩大学生学习时的思维容量。学习时的思维容量。(information gap)只有每一个学生上课积极思维，脑，眼，耳，只有每一个学生上课积极思维，脑，眼，耳，手，嘴及至身体的各部分一起来参与学习，每个手，嘴及至身体的各部分一起来参与学习，每个学生课堂内有效学习的时间才会扩大学生课堂内有效学习的时间才会扩大。例：现在完成时Student A：The Great Pyramid is(How big?).Each side of the base is 745 feet or 227 meters long.It used to be(How high?).But now it is only 449 feet or 137 meters.The Great Pyramid is made up of(What?).Most of the stones weigh about 2.5 tons each.The ancient Egyptians worked on the Great Pyramid (How long?).They built it without any machines.They finally completed it(W h e n?).Student B：The Great Pyramid covers an area of about 13 acres.Each side of the base is (How long?).It used to be 481 feet or 146.5 meters high.But now it is(How high?).The Great Pyramid is made up of over 2,300,000 blocks of stone.Most of the stones weigh(How much?).The ancient Egyptians worked on the Great Pyramid for over 20 years.They built it without any machines(?).They finally completed it in about 2566 BC.*The Great Pyramid*Age:about 5,000 years oldLocation:EgyptSize:area:about 13 acrespresent height:449 feetBuilding material:blocks of stoneLength of time for building:over 20 yearsCue Card ACue Card B *The Great Pyramid*Age:_Location:_ Size:area:_ present height:_Building material:_Length of time for building:_ *The Golden Gate Bridge*Location:in _Length:_Weight:_Colour:_Length of time for building:four years(_-_)*The Golden Gate Bridge*Location:in San Francisco Length:8,981 feet Weight:887,000 tonsColour:orange Length of time for building:four years(1933-1937)Cue Card ACue Card BT:What are you going to do?S1:I am going to read Harry Potter.I havent read it yet.read Harry PotterModel 1Substitutions:put up the couplets read the evening paperT:Finish your homework!S1:Ive already finished my homework.I finished it ten minutes ago.finish your homeworkModel 2 shut the window turn off the radioSubstitutions you,read Aesops Fables,last OctoberA:Have you read Aesops Fables?B:Yes,I have.A:When did you read it?B:I read it last October.Model 3 she,book any film tickets,yesterday he,send a Christmas card to his aunt,five days ago多台阶多台阶 “对于复杂的技能，可以划分成若干个比对于复杂的技能，可以划分成若干个比较简单的局部成分，以后再过渡到比较较简单的局部成分，以后再过渡到比较复杂的完整的活动复杂的完整的活动”（跳舞）（跳舞）分解学习的过程，根据分解的任务，设分解学习的过程，根据分解的任务，设计完成任务的步骤和方法，一步一步地计完成任务的步骤和方法，一步一步地达到教学目的。达到教学目的。感叹句helpfula helpful robotWhat a helpful robot!What a helpful robot it is!It is a helpful robot.The robot is helpful.How helpful the robot is!helpful robotsWhat helpful robots!What helpful robots they are!They are helpful robots.The robots are helpful.How helpful the robots are!不定式作定语wash some clothes-some clothes to wash-My mother has some clothes to wash.attend a meeting-a meeting to attend-I have a meeting to attend.eat something-something to eat-Would you like something to eat?worry about nothing-nothing to worry about-Its only a branch tapping at the window,theres nothing to worry about.Conditional Adverbial Clause（分课时）（分课时）1 If he is out,I will call tomorrow.2 If it rains tomorrow,we will stay at home.3 You will miss the train if you dont hurry.4 If you see him,will you tell him about it?5 You will never pass this test if you dont work hard.6 You will be very lucky if he lets you go without a ticket.Fill in the blanks with the verbs in their proper forms:1.If I _(eat)a hamburger every day,I _(be)very fat.2.If I _(watch)television for too long,I _(have)a headache.3.I _(go)to the countryside if the weather _(be)fine.4.If it _(rain),I _(take)an umbrella with me.Look at the following sentences carefully,try to find some differences:If you make a mistake,correct it.If you dont like the food,dont eat it.Tell him to wait for me if he is not in a hurry.Dont go out if it rains.Fill in the blanks with the verbs in their proper forms:1.If I _(listen)to the radio,_(not tell)me to do my homework.2.If he _(do)something wrong,_(not shout)at him.3._(not put)the cat out if it _(be)cold.4._(not forget)to say“please”if you _(want)me to do something.Conditional clauseActivity 1:Finishing conditional sentences(1)If I feel very hungry this evening,I will eatIf I have time next weekend,I will go toIf you come to my home,you will seeIf I have to write a story for homework,I will write about If I have a lot of money,I will(buy)(a chain question)Finishing conditional sentences(2)If I go away on holiday this year If I lose all my moneyIf we get too much homeworkIf my friend gets into troubleWe will all be very happy if The school will have to close if I will be rather disappointed if Will you help me if?A:If I have a lot of money,I will buy a boat.B:If I have a boat,I will go for a sail.C:If I go for a sail,there will be a storm.D:If there is a storm,the boat will sink.(another example)A:If I am ill tomorrow,I will stay at home.B:If I stay at home,I shall miss the lessons.C:If I miss the lessons 快节奏快节奏快节奏是高复现的时间保障。快节奏是高复现的时间保障。高复现需要课内的容量大，高复现需要课内的容量大，要完成较要完成较大量的实践活动，必须加快课堂教学的大量的实践活动，必须加快课堂教学的节奏节奏。课堂教学的节奏，既包括课堂教学的课堂教学的节奏，既包括课堂教学的速度，也包括课堂教学内容处理的有规速度，也包括课堂教学内容处理的有规律的强弱，松紧的现象。律的强弱，松紧的现象。（1）教师课前精心设计、充分准备教师课前精心设计、充分准备 （2）练习的低台阶）练习的低台阶（3）合适的教学活动的时间要求）合适的教学活动的时间要求（口诀口诀）（4）培养学生的学习习惯）培养学生的学习习惯(抄写本，翻译本，笔抄写本，翻译本，笔 记本记本)（5）教师表述和指令的科学、简明、清晰）教师表述和指令的科学、简明、清晰（6）课堂教学活动的可操作性）课堂教学活动的可操作性（7）师生之间，生生之间的默契的合作）师生之间，生生之间的默契的合作 （8）因地制宜的运用教具）因地制宜的运用教具（9）坚持用英语授课，适当使用母语）坚持用英语授课，适当使用母语快节奏快节奏Personal pronounsI memyyouyou yourhehimhissheherherwe usouryouyou yourtheythemtheiritititsThe simple present tenseI do I dont dodo I doyou doyou dont dodo you dohe doeshe doesnt dodoes he doshe doesshe doesnt dodoes she doit doesit doesnt dodoes it dowe do we dont dodo we doyou doyou dont dodo you dothey dothey dont dodo they do(Replace“do”with other verbs.E.g.work,play)I work I dont workdo I workyou workyou dont workdo you workhe workshe doesnt workdoes he workshe worksshe doesnt workdoes she workit worksit doesnt workdoes it workwe work we dont workdo we workyou workyou dont workdo you workthey workthey dont workdo they workI do,I do,do you Yes,I do./No,I dont.You do,you do,do I Yes,you do./No,you dont.He does,he does,does he yes,he does./No,he doesnt.T:my fatherS:He does,he does,does he Yes,he does./No,he doesnt.Way,way,A way to study;Chance,chance,A chance to dance;Time,time,No time to play;The first,the last,The first to come,The last to leave.Lets chant:choose;winlose;arrive.goWatch some PPTs of Grammar Teaching一、设计有何特点二、运用哪些教法三、设置什么任务四、那些最为实用五、那些可以改进Rules for Grammar Teaching1、以旧带新，新旧结合2、分层讲解，循序渐进3、精讲多练，合理归纳4、设计悬念，活动多样5、创造语境，学以至用